Children of Abraham

Richard L. Shafer[1]

 

Happy New Year!  This year, I want to take a slightly different approach in this column.  Last year, we looked at a few of the holidays in Judaism, Islam and Christianity, and how they differ from one another, or how they resemble one another.  But this year, I hope to explore the similarities among the faiths by looking at “spirituality” and “mysticism,” confusing terms at best.

 

What do we mean by “spirituality?”  My Webster’s dictionary[2] gives “something that in ecclesiastical law belongs to the church or to a cleric as such,” and “sensitivity or attachment to religious values.”

 

In her book CHRISTIAN AND ISLAMIC SPIRITUALITY:  SHARING A JOURNEY [3], Maria Jaoudi reviews spirituality.  She writes, “I have endeavored to base the chapters on the spiritual journey itself, the classical mystical stages of purification, transformation, and finally union with God.  [emphasis mine]  “Mystical stages?

 

What is “mysticism?”  Again, Webster:  “the experience of mystical union or direct communication with the ultimate reality reported by the mystics;” and, “the belief that direct knowledge of God, spiritual truth, or ultimate reality, can be attained through subjective experience (as intuition or insight).”  My Webster’s NEW WORLD THESAURUS gives synonyms “occult,” “transcendental,” and “spiritual” for “mystic.”  We’ll try to avoid what looks now as a circular path.

 

Jaoudi claims a “spiritual affinity between the traditions of Christianity and Islam.”  She often quotes from the New Testament, from the Qur’an (Koran), and from famous and important writers in both Christian and Muslim tradition:  St. Theresa of Avila, St. John of the Cross, Jalil-ad-Din al-Rumi, Yunnus Emre, and Fakruddin ‘Iraqi.  Those references help us understand her descriptions of the mystical stages.

 

Lest the reader think this discussion will be only about Islam and Christianity, I’ll quickly point out that, very early in its history, Judaism gave rise to Kabbalah, a form of mysticism based on direct teaching, and unique to Judaism.  Perle Besserman writes that mysticism aims to realize “no-thingness” of all things.[4]  “Like its Christian and Islamic mystical counterparts, Kabbalah’s emphasis on individual experience proved threatening to the religious institutional hierarchy…”[5]

 

Why should we even consider mysticism?  To quote Andrew Harvey[6]  “…the West [needs]…an unstoppable force of Divine-human love [which]…must be routed in the habits of fervent meditation, adoration of the Divine, and prayer…,” all components of the mystics’ approaches to worship.

 

“A Talmudic adage says that there are as many ways to Truth as there are human faces.”[7]  “…There are hundreds of ways to kiss the ground.”[8]  Over the next few months, we’ll be looking for a few of those ways.  Welcome to the search!



[1] This is one of a series of occasional columns in which the author, raised in the Christian tradition, searches for common ground and common history among the teachings, beliefs and practices of the Abrahamic faiths --  Islam, Christianity and Judaism

[2] WEBSTER’S NINTH NEW COLLEGIATE DICTIONARY. Springfield, MA: Merriam-Webster, Inc., 1991.

[3] Jaoudi, Maria, CHRISTIAN AND ISLAMIC SPIRITUALITY:  SHARING A JOURNEY.  Mahwah, New Jersey, Paulist Press, 1993.

[4] Besserman, Perle: THE SHAMBHALA GUIDE TO KABBALAH AND JEWISH MYSTICISM. Boston and London: Shambhala, 1997, p. 1

[5] ibid.

[6] TEACHINGS OF THE CHRISTIAN MYSTICS, ed. Andrew Harvey.  Boston, MA: Shambhala, 1998.

[7] ibid.

[8] attributed to Jalil-ad-Din al-Rumi by Huston Smith in the Forward to ESSENTIAL SUFISM, edited by James Fadiman & Robert Frager. Edison, NJ: Castle Books, 1998,

 

Copyright Richard L. Shafer 2005