Frequently Asked Questions

What is existentialism?

Existentialism is a movement in the field of philosophy associated with particular thinkers of the late 19th and early 20th century. The term was coined midway through the 20th century and has since come to encompass the thoughts of a wide range of individuals - from philosophers and authors, to poets and playwrights.

Where was existentialism born?

Though Soren Kierkegaard is widely considered the "father" of existentialism, the movement was not born in Denmark. Existentialist thinkers, so to speak, have developed indepedently in their respective environments. The movement is, however, commonly considered one inherent to continental Europe as both its origin and subsequent popularization can be traced back to such countries as France, Germany, Denmark, and other European nations.

Who are the main philosopher's responsible for this movement?

As previously stated, Soren Kierkegaard is widely considered the father of the movement. Other notable minds include Friedrich Nitezsche, Martin Hiedegger, Jean Paul Sartre, Albert Camus, Martin Buber, etc. The list goes on to include playwrights such as Samuel Beckett, Eugene Ionesco and even Tom Stoppard, plus novelists such as Fyodor Doestoevsky.

Is existentialism an atheist philosophy?

No. Existentialists are ultimately divided over the importance of religion in their respective philosophies. Kierkegaard and Marcel, for example, tout the importance of religious faith, whereas Sartre and Nietzsche employ an atheistic approach to their modes of thought. In essence, there is room for both religious and non-religious thought within the rather roomy confines of what can be considered existentialist thought.

How does existentialism view man's place in the world?

This is the question that is probably asked more often than any other - unfortunately it has no absolute answer. Existentialism is merely a term used to describe the general direction of a particular school of thinkers. I does not, however, provide definitions and guidelines to which these thinkers must ascribe. In short, this is question that is to be asked of one particular mind, not of a broad and sweeping movement.

Is existentialism a subjective or objective philosophy?

Again - see above. There is no one answer to this question.

What is the main purpose of existentialism?

It serves the same purpose as any movement in the realm of philosophy. To provide another mode of thought outside those of classical philosophy. To do away with labels such as "Rationalist" and "Empiricists". To open the doors of philosophy to an implicitly chaotic reality as opposed to an ordered one. Did any of the existentialists set out to do these things or achieve them unknowingly? That's why there's a fine line between intention and accomplishment.