Rock Types and Tectonic Plate Boundaries

Under each type of plate boundary where Igneous rocks form, fill in the name of an Igneous rock that forms at that boundary on the row that describes the type of Igneous rock.  Put an X in the boxes where that kind of rock does not form. An excellent tutorial with animations showing which kinds of Igneous rocks form at various plate boundaries can be found at: http://www.uky.edu/AS/Geology/howell/goodies/elearning/module03swf.swf . This information can also be found by skimming p98-113 of your text.
C/O stands for Continent to Ocean, C/C is Continent to Continent, O/O is ocean to Ocean.

Igneous Rock Names: Granite, Rhyolite, Andesite, Diorite, Basalt, Gabbro, Obsidian, Pegmatite, Dunite

Type of Rock DIVERGE C/O
CONVERGE
C/C
CONVERGE
O/O
CONVERGE
TRANS
VERSE
Mafic Extrusive Igneous

 

         
Intermediate Extrusive Igneous
 
         
Felsic Extrusive Igneous


 
         
Mafic Intrusive Igneous

 

         
Intermediate Intrusive Igneous
 
         
Felsic Intrusive Igneous


 
         
 

Under each type of plate boundary where Metamorphic rocks form, fill in the name of a Metamorphic rock that forms at that boundary on the row that describes the type of Metamorphic rock. Put an X in the boxes where that kind of rock does not form. An excellent tutorial with animations showing which kinds of rocks form at various plate boundaries can be found at: http://www.uky.edu/AS/Geology/howell/goodies/elearning/module02swf.swf. This information can also be found by skimming p98-113 of your text.
C/O stands for Continent to Ocean, C/C is Continent to Continent, O/O is ocean to Ocean.

Metamorphic Rock Names: Gneiss, Schist, Slate, Marble, Quartzite, Phyllite

Type of Rock DIVERGE C/O
CONVERGE
C/C
CONVERGE
O/O
CONVERGE
TRANS
VERSE
Foliated High Grade Contact Metamorphic          
Foliated Medium Grade Regional Metamorphic          
Foliated Low Grade Burial Metamorphic          
Nonfoliated Medium Grade Regional Metamorphic          
Nonfoliated Low Grade Burial Metamorphic          
Other          

Diagram courtesy http://csmres.jmu.edu/geollab/Fichter/IgnRx/HTMLimag/disthtml.gif

 

 

From http://www.uky.edu/AS/Geology/howell/goodies/elearning/module03swf.swf

Felsic Rocks - a silica-rich composition, usually 75% silica (SiO) by weight and rich in potassium and sodium.
Where? - Felsic rocks form primarily at convergent, continental volcanic arcs (such as the Cascade Range, Northwestern United States). They also may form at continental hot spots (such as Yellowstone, Wyoming).
Style? - Felsic magma is rich in silica and therefore is very viscous (it doesn't flow easily). Instead of erupting as lava, it commonly cools and crystallizes underground to form the intrusive rock granite. Where it does erupt, it commonly does so in great explosions, creating widespread deposits of ash (called "tuff" after it hardens into a rock); less commonly it occurs as extrusive rhyolite where thick lava oozed from the volcano.
From? - Felsic magma derives from partial melting of the lower continental crust, which is primarily of intermediate composition. The only plate tectonic settings at which the lower part of the continental crust is heated to the point of partial melting to form felsic magmas are along convergent continental margins and at continental hot spots. Other magmas may form at these plate tectonic settings as well.

Intermediate Rocks - silica composition of intermediate igneous rocks is between 60% and 75% silica (SiO) by weight.
Where? - Intermediate rocks form primarily at convergent volcanic arcs (such as the Andes of South America and the Aleutian Islands of Alaska).
Style? - Intermediate magma is fairly viscous and therefore tends to have explosive, ash-rich eruptions because it doesn't easily flow from a volcanic vent. In some cases, however, intermediate lavas are less viscous and erupt as beautiful fountains of lava, which hardens into andesite (named for the Andes Mountains). If the magma cools and crystallizes underground, it forms the gray intrusive rock called "diorite."
From? - Intermediate magma derives from partial melting of mafic rocks or from mixing of a basaltic magma with more felsic components in the crust. These two processes are common at volcanic arcs of convergent plate boundaries (subduction zones), both at continental arc and island arc settings.

Mafic Rocks - silica composition of mafic igneous rocks is between 50% and 60% silica (SiO) by weight, and mafic rocks are typically rich in iron, magnesium, and calcium.
Where? - Mafic igneous rocks are dominant at ocean ridges (divergent margins) and where oceanic hot spots erupt (such as Hawaii). Along with other igneous rocks, mafic rocks can be found associated with continental rifts (East Africa), continental hot spots (Yellowstone), and convergent volcanic arcs (both continental and island arcs).
Style? - Mafic magma is very silica poor and therefore has a low viscosity and flows readily. It moves easily up cracks in the crust, erupts as a hot, flowing lava, and cools quickly to form the extrusive rock basalt. Where the mafic magma remains underground and crystallizes slowly, the phaneritic rock is called "gabbro." Because mafic lavas erupt so easily, basalt is a very common extrusive igneous rock compared with rhyolite.
From? - Magma derives from partial melting of mantle peridotite (an ultramafic rock consisting mostly of olivine, the most silica poor of the common silicate minerals). Wherever the mantle is melting, expect to find mafic igneous rocks associated. The mantle is upwelling from deeper in the asthenosphere at ocean ridges (divergent plate boundaries) and at oceanic hot spots.
Hot Water? - At subduction zones, a different process takes place to generate magma. Hot water is driven out of the subducting oceanic plate at about 100 km depth, and this hot water rises into the overlying mantle rocks of the lithosphere. Here the water acts to lower the melting temperature of the mantle peridotite and causes partial melting (a hot dry rock will begin melting if water is added, even in small doses).
Final Note: Notice that all three magma compositions (mafic, intermediate, and felsic) can be found at convergent continental plate boundaries (continental arcs). Mafic magmas form by wet melting of the lithospheric mantle (ultramafic peridotite), intermediate magmas form by melting of deep crustal gabbros and possibly some mafic metamorphic rocks, and felsic magma forms by melting of crustal rocks of intermediate composition. For example, Mt. St. Helens in the Cascade Range of western Washington state has experienced eruptions of lavas over the past several hundred years, ranging in composition from mafic (basalts) through intermediate (andesites) to a felsic rock that is almost, but not quite, the composition of rhyolite (we call it "dacite," and it is between an andesite and a rhyolite in silica content).