Contents
of Back Volumes
Volume No.8 No.2 June'2000
Click the serial number to see abstract
of each paper
1. Beach
rocks in the modern Krishna delta.
By M.Ramkumar and M.S.Gandhi, Visakhapatnam.
2. Water
resources dynamics of Deccan trap rocks of Maharastra.
By S.A.Meshram, Pune.
3. Ground
water suitability for irrigation purpose around Chattarpur city, Chattarpur,
M.P.
By D.R.Tiwari and Shashi Tiwari, Bhopal.
4. Prediction
of tank storage and groundwater level for irrigation in tank command using
pattern recognition. By
S.Krishnaveni, M.Manivel and K.Meena. Tiruchy.
Miscellaneous
Publication No.11 June'2000
Sedimentological studies in a part of
athgarh gondwana basin, Orissa, India
By B.Misra and K.L.Pandya, Orissa.
Volume No.8 No.1 March'2000
Click the serial number to see abstract
of each paper
1.
Estuarine water and suspended sediment sampling:
A new instrument and etiquettes in
sampling. By
M.Ramkumar, Visakhapatnam.
2. Rock-water
interaction and fluorosis studies in parts of Salem district. Tamil Nadu.
By S.T.Venkatraman and
V.Subramanian, Tiruchirapalli.
3. A
study of ground water behaviour around Mansar manganese mines, Ramtek,
Nagpur
(M.S.).
By R.K.Bopche, Ramtek.
4. Remote
sensing mission: Past to future By
D.R.Tiwari, Bhopal.
5. Banded
iron-formation of Sirsanabedu green stone belt. Nellore district, A.P.
By R.S.Kumar, Annamalainagar
and C.G.Chandrasekaran, Chennai.
Misc.Publication No.11. June
2000
Water resources dynamics of Deccan trap
rocks of Maharashtra
By S.A.Meshram, Pune.
DECEMBER'1999
Volume 7. No.4. December'99
CLICK THE TITLE TO SEE ABSTRACT OF EACH PAPER
Harker variation diagrams
for the rocks of Munsiari Formation between Pindar and Ramganga
valleys, District
Almora. By M.K.Joshi.
Preliminary lineaments
study in Central Himalayan Yamuna valley of Uttarkashi District of U.P
By A.K.Biyani.
Origin of Talc/Soapstone
deposit of Deoban Formation around Jhiroli, District Almora, U.P.
By H.P.Sengupta
and R.N.Yaday.
Heavy mineral analysis
of Quaternary sediments from Sindhudurg coastal tract.
By R.A.Pathani.
New coastal landforms
in the Gautami Godavari delta: Perspectives on future trend and
implications.
By M.Ramkumar
Miscellaneous Publication No.10
Prospects for future
development of the Wardha valley coalfields of Eastern Maharashtra.
By S.N.Bisen, B.V.Shastry
and G.S.Bisen.
ABSTRACT-2000-1
ESTUARINE WATER AND SUSPENDED SEDIMENT
SAMPLING: A NEW INSTRUMENT AND ETIQUETTES IN SAMPLING
M.RAMKUMAR
Delta Studies Institute, Andhra University,
Visakhapatnam - 530003.
Numerical modeling studies of estuarine and nearshore systems are on the
rise owing to their importance and sensitive nature. These studies largely
depend on surface water samples which in turn, do not represent the system
in view of prevailing salinity gradients and density stratification. Hence,
sampling from different depths is a pre-requisite for such studies. A simple,
manually operated water sampler that can be used for collection of water
and suspended sediment samples at desired depths from estuaries, nearshore
regions, lagoons, bays and lakes has been designed by the author. The instrument
was operated successfully in the Krishna estuary and Nizampatnam bay. the
study also stresses the importance of transverse and vertical sampling
for true representation of physico-chemical chararacters in model inputs.
ABSTRACT-2000-2
ROCK-WATER INTERACTION AND FLUOROSIS STUDIES
IN PARTS OF
SALEM DISTRICT, TAMIL NADU
S.T.VENKATRAMAN and V.SUBRAMANIAN
Department of Geology, National College,
Dindugul Road, Tiruchirapalli-620001.
We are born to live, that too in a congenial and satisfying environment.
To ensure our good health and survival, it is necessary to understand the
effects of variations in different physicochemical and biotic factors of
the environment on the human biological functions. Amongst the number of
natural bounties, water - the human elixr - is most important, whose application
to manking is multifold. In many developing nations, particularly in our
country, the lack of supply of protected drinking water to the rural and
urban areas is a serious cause for endemic occurrence of gastrointestinal
diseases and other infections. Particularly, the excessive concentration
of flouride ion in potable water may lead to crippling diseases like dental
and skeletal flourosius. Eventhough, it is established beyond doubt that
industrial effluents are the main cause for endemic flourosis, many affected
cases are reported from areas where there is no singly industry in existence.
The present study area is also one such where flourosis is reported in
the absence of industry. Hence, present study is aimed towards the analysis
of the flouride ion in the water samples and that of the rock samples,
to establish the relation between the mineral constituents of the rock
and the water in the wells.
ABSTRACT-2000-3
A STUDY OF GROUND WATER BEHAVIOUR AROUND
MANSAR MANGANESE MINE, RAMTEK, DISTRICT NAGPUR, (M.S).
R.K.BOPCHE
Department of Civil Engineering. Kits
Ramtek, Nagpur.
The Mansar manganese mine is located on the Mansar hill. the RI of the
top of the Mansar hill is 428m. The manganese deposit consists of gondite-quartzite,
black quartzite, manganiferous quartzite with ore bundles in the centre.
All highly metamorphosed rocks have negligible primary porosity and act
as gound water barrier. In the study area, the bottom RL of the Mansar
underground mine is 303m and the water table contour of 319m is close to
the Mansar hill. Study around Mansar Manganese mine indicates that the
ground water flows away from the mine site because of impermeable nature
of the existing rocks.
ABSTRACT-2000-4
REMOTE SENSING MISSION: PAST TO FUTURE
D.R.Tiwari,
Department of Geology,
Govt.Motilal Vigyan Mahavidyalaya, Bhopal.
M.P.
Remote sensing is a powerful tool for providing timely, speedy, cost effective
and accurate information regarding natural resources for their planning
and management. Remote sensing started in 1972 and is advancing day by
day. The present paper deals with past to future mission of different satellites
with special reference to Indian satellites and their utilities.
ABSTRACT-2000-5
BANDED IRON FORMATION OF SIRSANAMBEDU
GREENSTONE BELT, NELLORE DISTRICT, ANDHRA PRADESH.
R.SENTHIL KUMAR
Department of Geology, Annamalai University,
Annamalai Nagar, Tamilnadu
AND
C.G.CHANDRASEKARAN
Department of Geology, Presidency College,
Chennai. Tamil Nadu.
The Sirsanambedu area of Nellore district lies in the southern most tip
of the Eastern ghats of Andhra Pradesh. The rock types of the area are
hornblende schist and quartz sericite schist, which are considered to be
equivalent to the Dharwar Schists and belong to the Archaen Period.Banded
Iron-Formation is seen associated with the schists. Structurally, the area
exposes the remnants of isoclinally folded formations trending northwest-southeast
to north-south with easternly dips ranging from 20-60degrees. A transverse
fault traverses the regional structure of the area. The ore microscopic
studies of the BIF reveal intimate and close relationship between hematite
being the dominant iron ore and quartz and ilmenite. The chemical characteristics
of the BIF of the area are closely comparable to the Precambrian BIF's.
the rocks of the area are believed to have been formed from pelitic, clastic
and ferruginous sediments, later subjected to metamorphism giving rise
to the schists and BIF.
ABSTRACT-2000-6
BEACH ROCKS IN THE MODERN KRISHNA
DELTA
M.Ramkumar and M.S.Gandhi
Delta Studies Institute, Andhra University,
Visakhapatnam - 530003.
Beachrock exposures in wave cut terraces are observed all along the coastal
regions of Modern Krishna delta. Observations on beach rocks in the
offing in the adjacent areas, environmental association, geographic location,
sedimentary structures, texture and petrography of these rocks reveal that
they are sediments deposited at the coastal regions as tidal flats. The
tidal flats received sediment influx during seasonal high flows from distributary
channels and from marine sources during storm surges. They remained sediment
starved during rest of the period during while exposed to evapo-transpiration
of interstitial waters that led to the crystallisation of salts resulting
in cementation to form beach rocks. In view of rapid deposition during
flood and storm seasons and followed up consolidation during non-flood
seasons, the sediments show a wide range of transportational and depositional
characteristics. Although their cementation took place at or above supratidal
regions, their present location at or slightly below the low tide water
line indicates ongoing sealevel rise coupled with coastal submergence.
The study has brought out the role of physiographic and neotectonic
control over deposition and diagenesis of beach rocks besides evolutionary
history of the Modern Krishna delta.
ABSTRACT-2000-7
WATER RESOURCES DYNAMICS OF
DECCAN TRAP ROCKS OF MAHARASTRA
S.A.Meshram
Department of Geology, College of Technology,
Pune.
Over the last decade Western Maharastra has been following a pattern of
water intensive agricultural growth. To meet the demand for agriculture,
water has been increasingly exploited from surface and under ground. given
the vagaries of monsoon, the exploitation of water follows a vicious cycle
of ever increasing demand. The ground water level has been greatly depressed.
As a remedial measure, percolation tanks are widely used for artificial
recharge. However, it is found by studies that percolation tanks have not
been uniformly successful. The fulfilment of this condition depends on
the geological milieu in the submergence area as percolation will take
place only if geological characteristics of submerged rocks are suitable
for percolation. The paper deals with various water bearing characters
of Deccan trap rocks as revealed by the observations during various engineering
studies at various engineering projects. The information thus gained will
be useful for understanding the water bearing characteristics of different
rock types and will lend support to conclusions based on theoretical studies.
ABSTRACT-2000-8
GROUND WATER SUITABILITY FOR IRRIGATION
PURPOSE
AROUND CHATTISGARH CITY, DIST.CHHATARPUR
(M.P).
D.R.Tiwari
Dept.Geology, Motilal Vigyan Mahavidhalaya,
Bhopal.
Shashi Tiwari
Dept.Zoology, Regional Research Institute,
Bhopal.
An attempt has been made to evaluate the physico-chemical quality of ground
water for irrigation purpose. 85 ground water samples were collected from
various dugwells and different parameters like SAR, Na%, RSC and PI have
been worked out to evaluate the suitability of these ground water for irrigation.
The result of the analysis indicates that in this area, water is suitable
for irrigation use and would not promote any hazardous salinity in the
soil.
ABSTRACT-2000-9
PREDICTION OF TANK STORAGE AND GROUNDWATER
LEVEL FOR IRRIGATION IN TANK COMMAND USING PATTERN RECOGNITION
S.Krishnaveni, M.Manivel
School of Earth Sciences, Bharathidasan
University, Tiruchirapalli.
K.Meena
Shrimathi Indira Gandhi College, Tiruchirapalli.
This paper enumerates the usefulness and effectiveness of least square
estimation technique in predicting the tank storage and groundwater levels
in rain-fed tank system. Bivariate regression equation is developed for
predicting tank storage from the input of rainfall. By utilising the same
equation, the tank storage was predicted for the known year and compared
with measured data. By the same way, six multiple regression equations
were arrived at to calculate the groundwater level in the tank command
area by using rainfall and tank storage as independent variables. Using
pattern recognition, the nearest neighbour algorithm and the hamming distance
method is selected and used for recognising the area of free catchment,
intercepted catchment and the command area.
ABSTRACT-2000-10
SEDIMENTOLOGICAL STUDIES IN A PART
OF
ATHGARH GONDWANA BASIN, ORISSA, INDIA
B.Misra
Dept.Geology, Govt.College, Sundargarh,
Orissa.
K.L.Pandya
P.G.Dept.Geology, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar.
The Athgarh
Formation (Lower Cretaceous) forms an important stratigraphic unit of thick
pile of fluviatile and lacustrine sediments well known in Indian stratigraphy
as Upper Gondwana. The formation has been regarded as the northern-most
extension of the east coast Upper Gondwana basins of India. The depositional
framework of the formation has been still controversial. Earlier works
indicated the deposition of sediments in a lacustrine, fluvial-fluviodeltaic
to marine shelf environment. IN the present work, attempt has been made
to study the petrography of the various rock types and interpret the depositional
framework of the sediments with the help of lithofacies association, sedimentary
cycles, grain size characteristics and palaeocurrent analysis of a part
of the Athgarh Formation occurring in close proximity to the northwestern
margin of the basin. The provenance history and palaeoclimatic conditions
were also inferred with the present study.
The
athgarh Formation is essentially a clastic succession, 700 m thick, constituted
of matrix supported conglomerate, clast supported conglomerate, pebbly
sandstone, coarse to fine sandstone, mudstone, interbedded mudstone and
shale and carbonaceous shale. The succession was built against an upland
scarp along the north and northwestern boundary of the basin marked by
a NE-SW boundary fault. The succession shows a secular change in lithologic
characteristics from the basin margin towards the basin centre. The marginal
part of the basin is marked by dominance of conglomerates while marked
decrease in conglomerate and conseequent increase in the proportion of
sandstone, mudstone and shale is observed in the southeasterly direction.
In extreme southeast, mudstone and shale become dominant lithologies.
Fifteen
lithofacies types have been introduced. The lithologic types and their
association suggest deposition of the succession in a stream dominated
alluvial fan environment with the development of proximal, mid and distal
fan sub-environments with the distal part merging into a lake. Regional
palaeocurrent indicates a consistent southeasterly dispersal of detritus
from a source terrain located towards the north-west of the basin. The
build up of the Athgarh alluvial fan system occurred in a humid climatic
setting. Stream flow processes dominated and the fan was drained by braided
channels. Debris flow processes also operated, but were prominent only
in the proximal fan zone. Several fans coalesced along the basin margin,
forming a south-easterly sloping, broad and extensive alluvial plain terminating
to a lake in the centre of the basin. Aggradation of fans along the subsiding
margin of the basin resulted in the Athgarh succession showing remarkable
lateral facies change in the downdip direction. The proximal fan conglomerates
pass into the sandstone dominated midfan deposits which inturn grade into
cyclic sequences of sandstone-mudstone of the distal fan origin. Further
downslope, thick sequence of lacustrine shales occur. Progradation of fluvial
sediments of distal fan on lake surface has resulted in coarsening upward
sequence. The results of the grain size analysis of the sandstones also
matched well with the conclusions drawn from the lithofacies association
and indicate deposition of sediments in an alluvial fan environment dominated
by fluvial processes.
The
regional palaeocurrent analysis, petrographic and quartz type studies indicate
derivation of sediments largely from the plutonic igneous and metamorphic
rocks of Eastern Ghats group of Archaaean age located towards north and
north-western part of the basin. The provenance discrimination diagrams
have indicated a combined continental block (Craton interior) and recycled
orogen provenance which match with the tectonic setting of the Eastern
Ghats group. The earlier view that sediments were derived from Bhagelkhand
gneissic complex located about 1000 km northwest of the basin seems impractical.
The
sandstones constitute the dominant lithology of the succession. They are
coarse to fine grained, poorly to moderately sorted and are characterised
by angular and subrounded clastic grains of quartz set in an argillaceous
matrix or ferruginous cement. Grain size distribution curves suggest that
the transportation of sediments was largely by saltation. The wide variation
in size statistics indicate rapid changes in velocity, depth of flow and
rate of sediment supply. The sandstones have a simple mineralogy being
constituted of high percentage of quartz and very low proportion of feldspar.
The triangular plot of modal composition of sandstone shows a clear compositional
variation from arenites to wacks. High SiO2 content and very low Na2O and
K2O content in the sandstones indicate high chemical maturity, with deep
and prolonged weathering in the source area. The XRF analysis of mudstones
indictes its suitability for use as fireclay in the refractory industry.
Two broad stages of diagenesis have inferred.
High
ZTR index, very low proportion of feldspar and high ferruginous cement
in many of the sandstones suggest deep and prolonged weathering in the
source rocks when most of the feldspars altered to kaolin and ferromagnesian
minerals and garnet to iron oxide under a humid tropical climate. The kaolin
and iron rich materials might have been transported in suspension along
with coarser clastics to the depositional site and ultimately kaolin rich
mudstone (fireclay) and ferruginous sandstone formed.
The faulted boundary condition
of the basin and a thick pile of lacustrine sediments at the centre suggest
that tectonism both in the source area and depocentre has played an important
role throughout the deposition of the Athgarh succession. The vertical
succession fines upward with the coarse proximal deposit at the base and
the fine distal deposits at the top suggesting deposition of the succession
during progressive reduction of the source area relief after a single rapid
uplift. A dolerite dyke has been emplaced at the transition between distal
fan and lacustrine environment which possibly marks a zone of weakness.
The area has thus, been
considered as a well documented example of stream dominated alluvial fan
environment that was formed under a humid tropical climatic condition.
In the absence of a reference area and type section of the Athgarh Formation,
the present area can be considered as the reference area of the Athgarh
Formation. This shall help to compare and contrast this formation developed
in other parts of the basin.
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ABSTRACT-1999-1
Harker variation diagrams for the rocks of
Munsiari Formation between
Pindar and Ramganga valleys, District Almora.
M.K.Joshi.
Department of Geology, Govt.Degree College,
Lansdowne, Pauri - 246139. U.P.
The area dominantly comprises of rocks of the Munsiari Formation of Almora
Group and the Joshimath Formation of Vaikrita Group. Harker vatiation diagrams
have been prepared for the rocks of the Munsiari Formation to understand
the behaviour of major oxides and trace elements with increasing silica
content. It is evident from these diagrams (mostly major oxides Vs SiO2)
that the mylonites after schists and gneisses of lower Munsiari rocks and
mylonites after gneisses of the upper Munsiari rocks plot on a similar
trend and define their genetic relationship. But no overlapping is seen
between lower Munsiari and upper Munsiari rock samples. In order to establish
chemical classification for the lower and upper Munsiari rocks all samples
are plotted in K2O Vs Na2O diagram. The mylonites after gneisses and schists
of lower Munsiari rocks whow granite to granodiorite through adamellite
composition, while mylonites after gneisses of upper Munsiari shows granite
to tonalite through granodiorite to adamellite composition.
ABSTRACT-1999-2
Preliminary lineaments study in Central Himalayan
Yamuna valley
of Uttarkashi District of U.P.
A.K.Biyani.
Department of Geology, D.B.S.College, Dehra
Dun - 248001.
Central Himalaya is a gigantic division of Himalayan
Mountain range, 10-20km thick crystalline nappe mass of essentially Early
Protorezoic/Late Archean age and is still tectonically active. It is a
handiwork of Tertiary orogeny. Northward drift of Indian subcontinent and
southward movement of crystalline nappes have resolved stress in complex
manner. This operative stress is reflected in the development of lineaments
of different nature. A number of fault lineaments have been identified
in the upper Yamuna valley through remote sensing, topographical and field
studies which are transverse, oblique and longitudinal to NW-SE Himalayan
strike. The important lineaments in the study area are Main Central Thrust,
Yamuna, Rishiganga, Hanumanganga, Kharasali, Paligad, Sorigad, Dihargad,
Untagad and Ujargad. Some of these are tens of kms in length. Besides these,
large number of densely packee small lineaments are also identified. Majority
of these are tectonically active in the region showing numerous expression
like paired and unpaired terraces, narrow gorges, entrenched meanders,
abrupt change in stream directions, rapids and waterfalls, cold and hot
water springs, dissected streams and frequent occurrences of micro earthquakes.
These lineaments are controlling the geomorphic scenery of the region.
Structurally, vertical faults, normal faults, strike slip faults and thrusts
and reverse faults are producing these lineaments. A few lineaments are
produced by dykes. A detailed topographical structural analyses of lineaments
are given in the paper.
ABSTRACT-1999-3
Origin of Talc/Soapstone deposit of Deoban
Formation around Jhiroli, District Almora, U.P.
H.P.Sengupta and R.N.Yaday
Department of Geology, Banaras Hindu University,
Varanasi - 221005.
Proterozoic talc/soapstone deposit of Deoban Formation
occurs as small irregular patches and pockets within magnesite. It is mainly
associated with magnesite and very little amount of quartz and phosphatic
material. Megascopically, talc is dark grey (black) to grey and white with
light pinkish shades depending upon impurities. The pure soapstone (talc)
is extremely fine grained, compact, foliated with basal cleavage, exhibiting
pearly lusture and soapy feeling. Medium to coarsely crystalline magnesite
is associated with fine grained talc/soapstone. Petrographic and geochemical
studies have confirmed the magnesium as rich character of soapstone. Talc
and silica shows antipathic relation probably due to a reaction between
Mg ion (from magnesite) and silica responsible for the talc/soapstone formation.
Petrographic studies reveal the presence of magnesite, a little amount
of quartz, dahlite and practically no relics of dolomite. The limonitic
material associated with the talc is secondary product, mostly after ferroan
dolomite. Owing to the above observations, it is concluded that the Jhiroli
talc/soapstone deposit represents a metamorphic product of reaction between
magnesite and quartz under greenshist facies condition.
ABSTRACT-1999-4
Heavy mineral analysis of Quaternary sediments
from Sindhudurg coastal tract.
R.A.Pathani
Science College, Nanded.
The coastline under present investigtion constitutes
a part of the west coast of India and lies to the west of Western Ghat
scarp. The geomorphic features are of both marine and fluvial origin. The
shoreline geomorphic features are of marine origion are both erosional
and depositional. It is plain marked with few tidal inlets. During floods,
mudflats on either banks of the estuaries are inundated, leaving behind
extensive suspension deposits. A sand bar is developed at the mouth of
the estuary. Estuaries are developed along the mouth of Gad and Karli river.
In the present area, two major sand bars developed which extend away from
the headland in south direction. The sandbar at the mouth of Gad river
was traced about 3 to 4 kms in length which means almost parallel to the
coast having a width of 350m. Attempt had been made in this paper to bring
out the distribution pattern of heavy mineral assemblage, their concentration
and also their probable source area..
ABSTRACT-1999-5
New coastal landforms in the Gautami Godavari
delta:
Perspectives on future trend and
implications.
M.Ramkumar
Delta Studies Institute, Andhra University,
Visakhapatnam-530003.
The Godavari delta, has had a rapid growth history. Barrier development
and lagoon infilling are the processes led to deltaic progradation. Shifting
of river mouths and reduced flow conditions have resulted in reduction
in sediment influx that in turn, effected negatively on older landforms
and construction of new landforms. At present, the delta shows rapid destructional
phase. Analysis of wave, current, sediment influx, sedimentation pattern,
geomorphic and lithofacies characteristics of coastal landforms shows that
increasing sealevel and coastal subsidence play major role in deltaic progradation.
It is inferred that the Kakinada spit has reached its mature state and
would not grow lengthwise. An another spit paralleling this spit is growing
at east. It is anticipated that the new spit would form another bay like
Kakinada bay during while the present bay in its southern and eastern portion
will get filled to form mangrove swamp.
MISCELLANEOUS-10
Prospects for future development of the Wardha
valley coalfields of Eastern Maharashtra.
+S.N.Bisen,
*B.V.Shastry and $G.S.Bisen
+ Dept.Mining
Engineering, Chandrapur Engineering College, Chandrapur 442403.
* Dept.Civil
Engineering, V.R.C.E. Nagpur.
$ Indian Bureau
of Mines, Nagpur.
Coal is the most important mineral in India as a
source of energy. The demand for energy and coal is ever increasing. But
the coal prodction in Maharashtra is short of requirements for the thermal
plants and other coal consuming industries. Wardha valley coal fields are
the most important coal fields of Maharashtra. The paper describes the
geology of this coalfields and presents data on the reserves and production.
The paper also discusses the possibility of finding extension of this coal
field belt under the Deccan trap cover with the help of gravity data. Examination
of the possibility of extracting the coal bed methane (CBM) fro the deeper
coal seams was also made in this paper.