" ART DECO "
 
Chrysler Building by William van Alen The term "Art Deco" was popularized in the 1960s and is used to describe a decorative style (roughly 1920-1940) which is characterized by strong geometric forms, striking colors and graphic sharpness. Named after the Paris Exposition Internationale des Arts Decoratifs et Industriels Modernes (1925), it was this exhibition that provided the first large scale showcase of the decorative arts and architecture in a 'modern' style. 
The country which Art Deco and Modern architecture really bosomed was the United States. Generously fed on the home-grown Modernist idea of Frank Lloyd wright, and eager to employ styles of architecture devoid of overt historical and cultural associations, the United States took Art Deco enthusiastically. Often clad in a skin of stainless steel, American diners embody the impact of 'streamlining', an important element of Art Deco style. 

Skyscrapers, such as the Chrysler Building by William van Alen (see illustration on the left), were the pinnacle of Art Deco achievement. A soaring testament to corporate acceptance, these skyscrapers dominated Manhattan architecture in particular during the late 1920s and through the 1930s, and they include the Chanin Building, the Empire states Building, the McGraw-Hill Building and the Rockefeller Center, among many others.

 


Empire State Building
The architect of this building, Shreve, Lamb and Harmon, designed this commercial office skyscraper tower,  using a steel frame, stone cladding construction system. It is 102 floors, 381 meters high and has an effective use of setbacks to emphasize the tower.
Standing in lonely dignity in the midriff of Manhattan, a sentinel by land, a reassuring landmark by air, the Empire State Building is the quadri-faced pharos of the city. And until outstripped by the twin towers of the World Trade Center (1975), its 102 floors were the highest in New York. Though designed at the end of the so-called Art Deco period in the 1920s, when zigzagged appliques were prominent, its exterior shows little of the frippery characteristic of that 'decorated' period. It is, moreover, one of the very few skyscrapers with four facades, not just one facing the avenue.
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