The Bauhaus   Efforts to find a new language for the industrial age coalesced around German architect Walter Gropius, who founded the Bauhaus school after World War I. The Bauhaus was a socially directed program, born in a society deeply scarred by the war, in which progressive architects proclaimed that professional expertise should be applied to improving the physical environment for all urban society, not merely for the elite. In 1933 the Nazi regime outlawed the Bauhaus, and several of its leading architects immigrated to the United States, deeply affecting subsequent American architecture.
 
 

Bauhaus, German design school that profoundly influenced architecture and the arts. Founded in 1919 in Weimar, the Bauhaus was based on the principles of the Arts and Crafts movement that art should meet society's needs and that no distinction should exist between fine arts and practical crafts.   It also held that good designs must meet aesthetic standards and be soundly engineered. The Bauhaus style, also known as the International Style, was marked by the absence of ornament and ostentatious facades.Its first director was Walter Gropius; its second was Ludwig Mies van der Rohe. Gropius, his Hungarian student Marcel Breuer, and Mies eventually established themselves in the United States, where they were influential as architects and teachers. Their contemporary, Swiss-French architect Le Corbusier, also exerted immense influence on modern architecture

 
 

By 1933, when the Nazis closed the school, its principles and work were known worldwide. Many of its teachers immigrated to the United States, where the Bauhaus teachings dominated art and architecture for decades and strongly contributed to the architectural style known as International Style.

   

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