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There are two species of wolves in North America:
The red wolf is the smaller of the two breeds and was once prevalent in the southeastern United States. By the 1960's their population had diminished to the point of not being able to find mates with which to breed. At that point they began interbreeding with coyotes. The US Fish & Game Wildlife Service began capturing the pure red wolves and breeding them amongst each other. After their population numbers increased, the red wolves were reintroduced to the Alligator River National Wildlife Refuge on the North Carolina coast and in the Smoky Mountains National Park in Tennessee.
The larger grey wolf may range in color from almost pure black to completely white and, at times, be golden brown. There are 32 subspecies of grey wolves in the world. The combined head and body length ranges from 40 to 60 inches. An adult grey wolf may weigh between 50 and 140 pounds. The various names of the grey wolf are derived from their location of habitat. In the eastern woodland it is known as the "Timber Wolf"; in the arctic as the "Arctic Wolf"; and in the tundra as the "Tundra Wolf." The rainforest and true desert environments are the only two terrains to which the grey wolf is unable to adapt.
One of the ways wolves communicate is to howl. They are able to be heard at any time of day, but mostly at night when the pack is most active. They may howl to find other pack members, to allow "outside" wolves to know where their territory is located, or to excite the pack in preparation to hunt. Wolves bark to warn other pack members of danger or to pose a challenge to an enemy. Often heard growling, the wolf may participate in a dominance dispute. A squeaking noise is made to call the pups and the mother of the pups will whimper to calm them. Please click on the bar below to hear a wolf howl.