1540 The Spanish explorer Francisco Coronado introduces the horse to Native Americans in the Southern Plains. Through intertribal trading, the horse gradually makes its way north to Blackfoot territory.
1806 The American explorer Meriwether Lewis, of the Lewis and Clark Expedition,travels through the northwest territories and encounters the isolated Blackfoot. He reports that they are a strong and honest people.
1830 Blackfoot civization is at its height with an estimated population of more than 18,000.
1836 The first great smallpox epidemics kills close ro half of the Blackfoot.
1845- Disastrous smallpox epidemics again strike the Blackfoot, 1857 reducing the tribe's population to five or six thousand people.
1855 Lamed Bull's Treaty is signed. It is the first treaty between the U>S> government and the Blackfot.
1860s White settlers pour into Blackfoot territory in vast numbers. They begin to raise large herds of cattle, and fence in vast parts of the rich grasslands,reducing the grazing space of the buffalo.
1869 The Baker Massacre takes place in which more than 300 Blackfoot men,women,and children are mistakenly mass- acred by the U.S.Gavalry.
1869 Another smallpox epidemic strikes the Blackfoot,further reducing thier already-small numbers.
1873- U.S.President Ulysses S.Grant signs two executive orders 1874 reducing the size of Blackfoot lands that had been guar- anteed by the Lamell Bull Treaty. The appropriated land gives white ranchers more room to expand.
1880 The offical U.S. census lists a scant Blackfoot popula- tion of 2,200.
1883 The buffalo, once estimated to number more than 60 mil- lion,are all but completely gone from the Plains. Hunt- ing by white people and white ranchers' appropriation of buffalo grazing lands are largely responsible for the buffalos'demise.
1883- The Blackfoot endure what has come to be known as "Star- 1884 vation Winter." More than 600 Blackfoot die of hunger.
1898 Congress passes the Curtis Act, abolishing the rights of all tribal governments for all Native Americans.
1934 Congress passes the Wheeler-Howard Act, reversing the Curtis Act and allowing Native Americans to reinstit- ute their tribal governments.
1950s- Blackfoot culture deteriorates to such a degree that 1960s few Blackfoot know or study the tribe's ancestral language,Algonguian.
1970s- The remaining Blackfoot,realizing they have almost
1990s completely lost all traces of their heritage,begin to turn to their surviving elders to learn the stories and
traditions of their ancestors. Indian Days celebrations
are organized annually in July on Blackfoot reservation lands in Montana.