Basic Concepts, Principles and Terminology
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budo |
the "Way" of martial arts |
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bunkai |
applications of kata techniques |
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dojo |
training gym (place for learning the "Way") |
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gi |
practice uniform, i.e., karetegi, judogi |
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karateka |
a student of karate |
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ki |
spirit, energy, life force, mind |
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kiai |
spirit-unifying shout |
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kime |
focus of power |
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kohai |
a student junior to oneself |
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sempai |
senior student |
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sensei |
teacher |
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taitaikyo |
dojo etiquette |
Methods of training
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kumite |
sparring in general |
|
ippon kumite |
one-step sparring |
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yakusuko kumite |
pre-arranged sparring |
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jiyu kumite |
free sparring, also known as ju kumite |
|
kata |
formal exercises |
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kihon waza |
basic techniques |
|
kubudo |
weapons training |
Numerals
|
ichi |
1 |
niju |
twenty |
|
ni |
2 |
sanju |
thirty |
|
san |
3 |
yonju |
forty |
|
shi or yon |
4 |
goju |
fifty |
|
go |
5 |
rokuju |
sixty |
|
roku |
6 |
nanaju |
seventy |
|
shichi or nana |
7 |
hachiju |
eighty |
|
hachi |
8 |
kuju |
ninety |
|
kyu or ku |
9 |
hyaku |
one hundred |
|
ju |
10 |
issen |
one thousand |
Ordinals
|
shodan |
first |
rokudan |
sixth |
|
nidan |
second |
shichidan |
seventh |
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sandan |
third |
hachidan |
eighth |
|
yodan |
fourth |
kudan |
ninth |
|
godan |
fifth |
judan |
tenth |
Body Parts
|
arm |
ude |
genitals |
seiki |
|
arm, upper part |
jowan |
hair |
kami |
|
body |
karada |
hand |
te |
|
breast |
chibusa |
head |
atama |
|
buttocks; hips |
siri |
knee |
hiza |
|
chest |
mune |
leg; foot |
ashi |
|
chin, jaw |
ago |
mouth |
kuchi |
|
ear |
mimi |
nail |
tsume |
|
elbow |
hiji or empi |
neck |
kubi |
|
eye |
me |
nipple |
chikubi |
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face |
kao |
nose |
hana |
|
finger |
yubi |
shoulder |
kata |
|
fist |
ken |
stomach |
hara |
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forearm |
zenwan |
testicles |
kougan |
|
forearm, outer side |
gaiwan |
tongue |
shita |
|
forearm, upper side |
haiwan |
tooth |
ha |
Kyu
(Class or Coloured Belt) and Black Belt Grades|
mukyu |
beginner; a student who has not yet attained any rank |
|
rokyu |
white belt rank |
|
gokyu |
yellow belt rank |
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yonkyu |
orange belt rank |
|
sankyu |
green belt rank |
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nikkyu |
blue belt rank |
|
ikkyu |
brown belt rank |
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shodan |
1st degree black belt rank |
|
nidan |
2nd degree black belt rank |
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sandan |
3rd degree black belt rank |
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yodan |
4th degree black belt rank |
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godan |
5th degree black belt rank |
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rokudan |
6th degree black belt rank, shihan (master) |
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shichidan |
7th degree black belt rank |
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hachidan |
8th degree black belt rank |
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kudan |
9th degree black belt rank |
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judan |
10th degree black belt rank |
Basic Techniques
|
Technique |
Name |
Technique |
Name |
|
back-fist |
uraken (ura ken) |
pulling |
hiki |
|
back-hand |
haishu |
punch |
zuki (tsuki) |
|
block |
uke |
pushing |
oshi |
|
bow-and-arrow punch |
yami zuki (tsuki) |
reverse |
gyaku |
|
close punch (uppercut) |
ura zuki (tsuki) |
reverse wedge block |
kakiwake uke |
|
combative posture or ready position |
kamae (gamae) |
scissors block |
hasami uke |
|
crescent |
mikazuki |
scissors punch |
hasami zuki (tsuki) |
|
cross block |
kosa uke |
scooping |
sukui |
|
cross-body |
kagi |
sideward reverse sword-hand block |
haito uke |
|
double-handed |
morote |
sideward round block |
soto mawashi uke |
|
downward thrust |
ni oshidasu |
sideward sword-hand sweeping block |
shuto barai uke |
|
forearm block |
ude uke |
snap kick |
keage |
|
fore-fist (regular fist) |
seiken (sei ken) |
spear-hand |
nukite |
|
grasping |
tsukami |
split block |
wari uke |
|
hooking |
kake |
stance |
dachi (tachi) |
|
inside outward block |
uchi uke |
straight punch |
choku zuki (tsuki) |
|
inside outward hammer-fist block |
uchi komi |
strike |
uchi |
|
inside outward side-sweeping block |
uchi barai |
sweep or parry |
barai |
|
inside outward sword-hand block |
uchi shuto uke |
sweeping block |
barai uke |
|
joint |
kansetsu |
sweeping strike |
uchi barai |
|
jumping |
tobi |
sword-hand |
shuto |
|
kick |
geri (keri) |
sword-hand block |
shuto uke |
|
outside inward forearm block |
soto uke |
sword-hand sweeping block |
shuto barai |
|
outside inward sword-hand block |
soto shuto uke |
thrust |
oshidasi |
|
outside sweep |
soto harai |
thrust kick |
kekomi |
|
palm-heel block |
shotei (tensho) uke |
thrust or lunge punch |
oi zuki (tsuki) |
|
palm-heel smash |
shotei ate |
U-punch |
yama zuki (tsuki) |
|
pressing block |
osae (oshi) uke |
X-block |
juji uke |
Directions
|
front |
mae |
rising |
age |
|
back |
ushiro |
descending |
oroshi |
|
left |
hidari |
upper or high level |
jodan |
|
right |
migi |
middle level |
chudan |
|
right front diagonal |
migi mae naname |
lower level |
gedan |
|
left front diagonal |
hidari mae naname |
inside outwards |
uchi |
|
right rear diagonal |
migi ushiro naname |
outside inwards |
soto |
|
left rear diagonal |
hidari ushiro naname |
roundhouse |
mawashi |
Stances
Parts of the hand used in karate
|
A. outside (little finger side) of hand |
shuto or tegatana ("sword-hand") |
kentsui or tettsui ("hammer fist") |
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B. palm |
keisho ("open hand") |
sukui waza ("scooping techniques") |
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C. inside ridge of first knuckle |
haito |
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D. back of hand |
haishu or hirate ("back-hand") |
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E. heel of palm |
teisho, shotei ("palm-heel") |
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F. finger tips |
nukite ("spear-hand") |
keiko |
kumade |
washide |
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G. outside base of wrist |
seiryuto ("ox-jaw hand") |
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H. middle of thumb |
keito |
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I. back of wrist |
koken, kote, kakuto |
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J. first two knuckles |
seiken ("normal" fist) |
uraken (back-fist) |
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K. fore-knuckles |
hiraken ("flat fist") |
ryutoken ("dragon's head fist") |
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