FirstAid - Cu Th߽ng
Vt Th߽ng/Open Wound
Vt Trong Mt/Objects in the Eye
Cy еc/Poison Plants
Rn Cn/Snake Bite
Ung Thuc/Medication
T Thuc GPT/Medical (Inventory)

VT THNG/OPEN WOUNDS

Open Wounds l tr߶ng hp nu da ca chng ta b rch, a n nhim trng v nn cha tr ngay lp tc. Ty theo mi loi th߽ng tch: Try, Ct, X, m. Ng߶i Huynh Tr߷ng hay nhng on sinh ngnh Thiu lun lun phi nhn nh c tr߶ng hp v phi cp cu cho nn nhn. Open Wounds c chia ra 4 loi nh sau:

ABRASIONS WOUND (Try)

Abrasions: Th߽ng tch xy ra khi chng ta t, trc v b try. Loi th߽ng tch ny khng trm trng, ch nh h߷ng n try da v i khi r߾m mu. Nhng th߽ng tch rt d b nhim trng v din tch vt th߽ng.

INCISIONS WOUND (Ct)

Incisions: Th߽ng tch xy ra khi chng ta b dao, ko hay vt sc bn ct. tr߶ng hp ny, th߽ng tch nh h߷ng ty theo nn nhn b ct bao su, v cc mch mu c b ct trng hay khng. Tr߶ng hp ny nn nhn s b chy mu nhiu hay t ty theo vt th߽ng.

LACERATION WOUND (X)

Lacerations: Th߽ng tch xy ra khi chng ta b nhng vt bay trng nh: st, thit v.v. Th߽ng tch ny th߶ng lm cho da b bm, rch. Loi th߽ng tch ny khng d chy mu so vi vt th߽ng b ct.

PUNCTURE WOUND (m, Chch)

Puncture: Th߽ng tch xy ra khi chng ta b vt nhn m hay chch vo da. Loi th߽ng tch ny c chia ra lm 2 phn.
a/Perforating:Vt th߽ng m thng xuyn qua.
b/Penetrating:Vt th߽ng m thng vo.

Cch iu Tr Vt Th߽ng (First Aid for OPEN WOUNDS)

Mc ch
- Cm mu
- Tr nhim trng

Cch Thc iu Tr
- Tho bng hoc vi ra khi ni vt th߽ng
- Dng Hydrogen Peroxide hay Butadiene ra vt th߽ng hu trnh b nhim trng
- Lun lun lau chi vt th߽ng t im vt th߽ng i ra ni khng b thay v i ngc li
- Bng vt th߽ng bng loi bng c nhn (bandage)
- Nn t c ng trnh mu ni vt th߽ng chy tr li.
*Nu tr߶ng hp l vt th߽ng b m thng (puncture wounds). Khng nn rt hay ly vt liu vt th߽ng ra. V nu rt hay ly ra c th lm cho vt th߽ng cng b chy mu nhiu v khng cm mu cho nn nhn c. Trong tr߶ng hp ny: Bng b vt th߽ng k l߷ng v a nn nhn n bnh vin ngay lp tc.

VT TRONG MT/OBJECTS in THE EYE

Nhng vt nh nh bi, bi st v.v c th bay vo mt tr li v m vo trong mt. Thng th߶ng nhng vt ny c th ra bng cch tit ra thm n߾c mt. Nhng nu vt nh vn tr li trong mt, th con mt s cm thy nga, kh chu, v c th nhim trng.

Cch iu Tr (First Aid for Object in the Eye)

Mc ch
Ly vt (bi ct, v.v.) ra khi con mt.
Lm dm bt s nga, kh chu v trnh b nhim trng.
Cch Thc iu Tr
- ng chi mt
- Dng tay m m mt v ra bng n߾c hay (saline-thuc dng cho contact lens) t 10-15 pht.
- Xem li coi c cn vt nh trong mt hay khng.
- Nu vt nh khng m vo mt v cng khng th ly ra bng cch ra n߾c th nn m m mt v dng bng gn ly vt ra.
- Ra mt li dng n߾c hay saline.
* Nu vt nh m vo mt, th ng c gng ly ra, v bn c th lm vt nh cng m su vo trong mt v cng thm kh khn khi mun ly ra sau ny. Dng tay che mt li v i n bnh vin hoc nhng ni c y t hay bc s. Chng ta rt kh nhn thy nu vt nh m vo trong mt nu khng c knh hin vi. Trong tr߶ng hp nh vy, nu chng ta khng chc chn th nn a vo bnh vin hoc phng bc s v.v

CHT ГC ca cy Si еc, Cy Tr߶ng Xun, Cy Th Du/Poison Oak, Ivy and Sumac

Si еc, Tr߶ng Xun v Th Du l cc loi cy c. Chng ta c th b nhim c qua cc ph߽ng cch nh ng vo cht nha qua nhng chic l rch, thn cy hay r cy, chng ta c th b nhim c khi ht khi t nhng loi cy ny t trong la m chng ta khng . Ngoi ra cch chng ta b nhim c sy Sn c th t o qun, giy vv.
Nhng triu chng ca cy Si c (Poison Oak) sau khi chng ta b nhim trong vng my gi ng h cho n my hm sau l:
- Redness
- Rash/Itching (Khinh xut, Nga)
- Burning Sensation (Nng)
- Swelling (Sng)
- Blister (Mt gh n߾c)
- Inflammation (Vim chng)
- Fever (St rt)
- Headache (Nhc u)
Nu cht c trong thn th ca chng ta khi chng ta ht th hoc n l cy Sn (poison oak). Ngoi nhng triu chng trn chng ta cn b sng v nng trong ming, l߷i v m. Nu cht c trong thn th, th hy a bnh nhn n bnh vin ngay lp tc.

Lm Sao Bit Nhn Din Cy Si c, Th du v Tr߶ng xun
(Poison Oak, Ivy and Sumac Identification)


Poison Sumac - Th Du

Poison Ivy - Tr߶ng Xun

PoisonOak - Si еc
Si еc (poison oak) cng nh Th du (Sumac) v Tr߶ng xun (Ivy) mc a s nhng vng nhit i, v Canada vo ma h nhng loi cy ny pht trin rt nhanh l bi thi tit m p. Si еc (poison oak) mc vi hnh thc cy nh hoc bi v i khi mc leo trn nhng cy khc. Si еc (poison oak) v Tr߶ng xun (Ivy) hnh thc 1 l 3 cnh ging nh l cy Sn (oak). Ring v cy Th Du th c phn khc hn cht xu (Xin Xem Hnh). Tt c l cy mu xanh (green) bng v c nhng mi nhn. Vo ma Xun v u ma H, l cy Si c (poison oak) Th du (Sumac) v Tr߶ng xun (Ivy) mu xanh (green). Vo khong cui ma H, l s tr thnh mu pha ln cng mu vng i khi c m nhn rt p. Khi thi tit nng nc, l cy Si еc (poison oak) Th du (Sumac) v Tr߶ng xun (Ivy) c th b kh v rng ht ch cn li thn cy v lm cho cng kh nhn. Vo ma Thu, nhng a hoa trn cy Si еc (poison oak) c hnh thc mu trng v greenish.
Si еc (poison oak) khng mc nhng ni c cao 4000 feet (nh Hawaii, Alaska v.v) Nhng cy Th du (Sumac) v Tr߶ng xun (Ivy) th c th mc vi cao .
Nu Bn Canada th sau y l tt c cc loi Cy c m bn nn ch mi khi i tri hay vo rng
.

Phng Nga (Prevention)

Hin gi khng c thuc chng ta phng nga b nhim bi cy Si еc (poison oak). Ph߽ng php hu hiu nht l khng bao gi ng n loi cy Si еc (poison oak) Tm hiu v nhn thc ra c nhng cy c c nh Si еc (poison oak) Cy Tr߶ng Xun (Ivy), Cy Th Du (Sumac). Lun lun mc o tay di, qun tay di v mang giy mi khi i tri v phi vt qua nhng cy c, nh th bn s t nht c an ton.
Lm Sao Bit B Nhim еc
1/ Khi bn pht hin nhng triu chng trn.
2/ Khi bn thy cht men mu en dnh y o qun v da ca bn. (Cht nha ca cy Poison Oak s tr thnh mu en khi ha vi khng kh).

Cch iu Tr Khi B Nhim еc (First Aid Treatment)

Mc ch
- Lm gim s nga v rt cho bnh nhn trnh bnh nhn gi try da.
- Nga da b h hi v nhim trng.
- Bo v ln da b nhim trng cho n khi triu chng c ht.
Ph߽ng Cch Tr Liu
1/ Ly tt c nhng dng, trang sc ca bnh nhn b nhim trng v thay o qun khc cho bnh nhn.
2/ Ly n߾c v x bong (soap) ra khu vc b nhim c.
3/ Ly kem (Caladryl lotion) sc ln khu vc b nhim trng hu tr nga. (Sc 2-3 ln mi ngy nu cn).
4/ Cho bnh nhn 1 vin thuc Benadryl 25mg (Diphenhydramine) nu bnh nhn cng b nga.
5/ Nu bnh nhn khng gim, a i bnh vin ngay lp tc.

Rn Cn - Snake Bites

Tr߶ng hp nu b rn cn, bn khng nn hong ht nu bn Canada bi nhng l do sau y.
- Loi rn c nht bn c th tm c Canada l loi rn RattleSnake.
- Rn s khng cn tr khi b khiu khch hay b hm da.
- Rn s ng߶i nh ng߶i s rn.
C hi b rn cn rt l him, nhng nu b rn c cn th rt l nguy hi. Tht ra nhng d kin v rn cn rt l t cho nn cc bnh vin cng khng lu tr cc loi thuc chng c. Bi vy, bit c tnh hnh cng nh cch thc mi khi c chuyn xy ra c th l s khc bit gia sng, cht v b ph thi (pernament injury). Nhng ng߶i b th߽ng di hn khi rn cn l nguyn do bi khng bit cch thc tr liu lc ban s.

Nhng iu Cn Bit V Rn

Rn l loi ng vt mu lnh (cold blooded animal) v chng khng th iu ha khng kh cho chnh mnh. Rn hot ng vo khong nhit t 77-90 F ( Farenheit). Bi vy nn rn th߶ng hay ra ngoi bng nng lc lnh v vo bng mt lc tri nng. Rn l loi ng vt mc c v s trnh n con ng߶i, tr tr߶ng hp b khiu khch, chn ߶ng hay b dm ln, lc chng mi cn t v. Khong cch rn lao mnh ti cn l t 1 phn 3 cho n 2 phn 3 ca chiu di o theo mnh rn vi vn tc 8 feet mi giy ng h (8ft/sec). 20% khi rn cn s c du rng nanh, 60% s c mc c trung bnh v 20% s l ton cht c.
- Rn con khi cn s dng ht tt c cht c, v chng khng bit iu chnh lng.
- Cht c vn cn trong vng my ting ng h sau khi rn cht.
- Nhit d߾i 40F, rn khng c ng, nhng khng cht.
- Nhn quang ca rn rt km, ch thy c t 10-15 feet. Nhng c th nghe ti 100 feet.
- Cht c ca rn c trn 50 loi hp thnh. Dng lm t cng, v tiu ha con mi.
- Tt c loi rn c u c nanh v rng.

Lm Sao Ь Bit L Rn еc

a s rn c c ci u hnh tam gic, c nh, v thn hnh ln. Chng c kh h, i mt dng ng. Nanh ch c loi rn c, rn khng c, khng c nanh.

Phng Nga Rn Cn

- Khng bao gi tay v chn vo nhng ni mnh khng thy.
- Trnh p chn ln nhng bi cy v ch trn ߶ng i.
- Khng nn b߾c qua cc khc g, hay tng ln. B߾c ln ri b߾c qua.
- Khng nn th tay vo nhng bi rm hay hang l. Nn c ng pht ra m thanh ln nu cn. V rn hay nhng ni y.
- ng c chy khi gp rn, ch t t bc i trnh lui khi con rn. Rn th߶ng cn nhng vt di ng.
Ph߽ng Cch Tr Liu Khi B Rn Cn - First Aid
Do - Nn
Don't - Khng Nn

The Don't - Nhng iu Khng Nn Lm
1/ Khng nn ct hay dng ming ht mu vt th߽ng.
- Khng nn dng dao hoc vt bn nhn ct vt th߽ng b rn cn, c bit l tay v chn. Trn tay v chn c nhiu tht v thn kinh, ct c th lm h hi v a n tn tt. Nhng phn ct m ch bc s trong bnh vin lm thi.
- Khng nn dng ming ht cht c ra ngoi. Ng߶i ht c c th b nhim. Nn dng vt liu ht cht c nh l; SAWYER EXTRACTOR.
2/ Khng nn dng p mu li (tourniquets).
- Khng nn dng vt liu p mu li lc b rn cn. Dng ph߽ng thc p mu khng phng nga c t thn m li lm tai hi n nn nhn bng cch lm h hi da tht. Ngoi ra khi g vt liu p mu c th lm cho nn nhn chn ng nguy hi n tnh mng.
3/ Khng nn dng n߾c cht lnh tr liu cho vt th߽ng.
- Dng nhu liu lnh nh n߾c ch nn cho nhng ng߶i bc s ph trch. Khng bit cch tr liu s lm da tht h hi v c th a n phi ca tay, chn. Ch c dng theo s h߾ng dn ca bc s hay ng߶i y s m thi
4/ Khng nn i tm con rn va cn.
- iu quan trng l nhn din c l loi rn g (mu sc, hnh th, ln hay nh).
The Do - Nhng iu Nn Lm
1/ Gi Bnh Tnh.
- Ng߶i c trch nhim khi tr߶ng hp xy ra phi lun gi bnh tnh, v cho ng߶i gi cp cu, hoc Park Ranger hay l Park Supervisor. Ь c h߾ng dn v thng bo trong khun vin (t tri) c rn c hay khng.
2/ a Bnh Nhn i Bnh Vin.
- iu quan trng khi rn cn l a nn nhn i bnh vin ngay lp tc.
3/ Gip Bnh Nhn Gi Bnh Tnh.
- Trn an bnh nhn, v tm coi nhng triu chng nh sau:.

- Nn Nhn b cn bao nhiu vt th߽ng.
- Ni b cn c sng hay khng.
- Nn nhn b yu sc hay khng.
- Nn nhn b i ma hay khng.
- Mch tim nn nhn c yu hay khng.
- Nn nhn c chy m hi hay khng.
- Nn nhn th c u ho hay khng.
- Nn nhn c b khch thch hay khng.
- Tm vt th߽ng, ty theo khch th߾c ca rn. Thng th߶ng vt th߽ng s l hai chm khong cch t 1/2 cho n 2 inches. Nu nn nhn khng c hai chm ni ch b cn, ngha l khng c cht c vi l do l rn khng c c, hay l rn khng c nanh hoc rn cn khng ng ph߽ng cch.
- Dng Sawyer Extractor ht cht c ra khi vt th߽ng. Sawyer Extractor c th ht ra khong 30% cht c nu bit cch s dng. Thi gian hu hiu nht dng Sawyer Extractor l trong vng 5 pht t khi b rn c cn cho n 15 pht. Nu dng sau 15 pht t khi nn nhn b rn cn th s khng hu ch. Sawyer Extractor c th tip tc ht cht c trong vng 15 n 30 pht trong lc nn nhn ang c ch n bnh vin.
- Trnh nn nhn c ng nhiu mu lu chuyn chm v cht c cng t pht i.

Thuc Ung (Medication)

A/ Tylenol (Genebs, Acetamenophen, Genapap, Anacin-3, Aspirin free Pain Relief v.v)
Tylenol dng tr au lng, nhc u v nng st

LIU Г:
Ng߶i Ln: 325-650 mg mi 4-6 gi. Khng qu 4gm mi ngy.
Tr em 6-12 tui: 325mg mi 4-6 gi. Khng qu 1.6gm mi ngy.

B/ Advil (Ibuprofen, bayer, Halprin, Motrin, Nuprin, Midol v.v)
Advil dng tr au lng, nhc mi khp x߽ng, nhc u, nng st, au th߶ng kinh nguyt (ph n)

LIU Г:
Ng߶i Ln: 400 mg mi 4-6 gi khi cn. Khng qu 3.2gm mi ngy.
Tr em 6-12 tui: 200mg mi 4-6 gi khi cn. Khng qu 1.6gm mi ngy.

C/ Actifed (Allerfrim, Allergy Gold, Triafed, Actagen v.v)
Actifed dng tr/gim triu chng s mi, ngt mi, ho v allergy) LIU Г:
Ng߶i Ln: 1 vin mi 4-6 gi khi cn. Khng qu 4 vin mi ngy.
Tr em 6-12 tui: 1 vin mi 12 gi.

D/ Benadryl (Diphenhydramine)
Bennadryl dng tr cc triu chng nhy mi, nga mt mi...v allergy; tri nga v mui cn, ong chch...;tr mt ng
LIU Г:
Ng߶i Ln: 25-50 mg mi 6 gi khi cn. Khng qu 200mg mi ngy.
Tr em 6-12 tui: 25mg mi 12 gi khi cn.

E/ Imodium (Loperamide)
Imodium dng tr tiu chy

LIU Г:
Ng߶i Ln: 2-4 mg mi 4-6 gi khi cn. Khng qu 16mg mi ngy.
Tr em 6-12 tui: 2mg mi 8 gi khi cn.

F/ Meclizine (Antivert)
Meclizine dng tr bun nn, i ma khi i xe

LIU Г:
Ng߶i Ln: 25 mg mi 6 gi khi cn. Khng qu 100mg mi ngy.
Tr em 6-12 tui: Nh ng߶i ln.

G/ Guiatuss DM (Robitussin DM v.v)
Robitussin DM dng tr ho

LIU Г:
Ng߶i Ln: 5-20 ml (1-4 mung cfe) mi 4-6 gi.
Tr em 6-12 tui: 5-10ml mi 4-6 gi.

Thuc Ngoi Da

A/ Thuc Tr Nga Dng tr nga khi b mui cn, ong chch, poison oak ...
Hydrocortizone Cream.
Anti-Itch Cream (Diphenhydramine).
LIU Г:
Thoa vo ch nga 3-4 ln mi ngy khi cn.
B/ Caladryl Lotion Dng tr triu chng poison oak (sn c).
CCH DNG: Thoa vo ch nga 3-4 ln mi ngy khi cn. (C th ung mt vin Benadryl khi b poison oak).
C/ Triple Antibiotic Ointment Thuc tr sinh nga nhim trng khi b vt th߽ng ngoi da.
CCH DNG: Thoa vo vt th߽ng v bng li nu cn.
D/ Rubbing Alcohol n cn dng ra vt th߽ng.
E/ Hydrogen Peroxide Dng ra vt th߽ng.
F/ Wound Dressing Gel Dng thoa ln vt th߽ng phng (chy).
CCH DNG: Thoa ln vt th߽ng v bng li nu cn.

Linh Tinh

1/ Instant Cold Pack Dng gim sng khi b trc chn, bong gn
2/ Instant Hot Pack Tr bong gn
3/ Ace Elastic Bandage Dng bng gt chn, ci ch khi b trc gn, bong gn
4/ Bng Keo
5/ Tape Bandage
6/ Betadine/ Alcohol swaps Dng chi ra vt th߽ng nh
7/ Mirasorb Sterile dressing (4x4) Dng bng vt th߽ng ln, vt phng
8/ Ko v l߷i Lam Dng ct bng keo, vi dressing...
9/ Sawyer Extractor kit Dng ht cht c khi b rn cn
10/ Non-stick pads 2x3" Dng bng vt th߽ng nh, vt phng
11/ Bandages - small assorted

T Thuc GPT

Thuc ung/Oral medication е Lng/Dosage S Lng/Quantity
Tylenol 325mg 25 vin/tablets
Advil 200mg 25 vin/tablets
Actifed 15 vin/tablets
Benadryl 25mg 25 vin/capsules
Immodium 2mg 15 vin/capsules
Meclizine 25mg 10 vin/tablets
Guiatus DM 1 chai/bottle

>2 ng/tubes
Thuc/Dng C Tr Ngoi Th߽ng/External Use S Lng/Quantity
Hydrocortizone 2 ng/tubes
Anti-Itch Cream 2 ng/tubes
Caladryl Lotion 1 chai/bottle
Triple Anti-biotic Ointment
Rubbing Alcohol 1 chai/bottle
Hydrogen Peroxide 1 chai/bottle
Wound Dressing Gel 1 ng/tubes
Instant Cold Pack 1 gi/pack
Instant Hot Pack</td> 1 gi/pack
Ace Elastic Bandage 1 cun/roll
Tape Bandage 2 cun/rolls
Betadine Swap 25 ci/pieces
Alcohol Swap 25 ci/pieces
Sterile Dressing 4x4 10
Nonstick Pad 20
Bandage (personal) 1 hp/box
Razor/L߷i Lam 2 ci/pieces
Sawyer Extractor Kit 1 b/kit
Eye Drop Solution/Thuc Nh Mt 1 chai/bottle