Types of Depression:
Normal Depressed Mood and Grief
These conditions are natural reactions to losses in life. They involve sadness, lethargy, and in serious cases, for example, grief after the death of a loved one, often despair, anger, insomnia, poor appetite, or weight gain, obsessive thoughts about the lost person, and terrible guilt about any problems in the depressed person's relationship with the deceased individual. What makes these reactions normal is that people eventually recover. After losing a ball game, it may take a day or two to bounce back. After a lay-off, it may take a few months. After the death of a loved one, it may take a year. If they don't recover, they have a clinical depression and should call a doctor.
Normal Depressed Mood and Grief presume a triggering life event. If you or anyone you know displays these symptoms without a loss, or if the depression seems out of proportion to the loss--not getting a raise and sobbing inconsolably for days--call a doctor.
Adjustment Disorder with Depressed Mood
Life is full of changes. Coping with them can be difficult. Many people feel overwhelmed and "crazy" for a while. Then they get things under control. If they don't, and they become persistently gloomy, angry, and unable to cope, that's adjustment disorder with depressed mood.
Adjustment Disorder with Depressed Mood presumes a triggering life event--the change you have to adjust to. If you or anyone you know displays these symptoms without a life change, or if the depression seems out of proportion to the change--moving to a new city and not being able to get out of bed--call a doctor.
Mild Depression (Dysthymia)
This condition involves chronic depressed mood, poor self-esteem, and low-level symptoms of major depression (see below). "People with mild depression can still function, but they're sad sacks," says San Francisco psychiatrist Michael Freeman, M.D., "They consider themselves losers." (Dysthymia is pronounced dis-THIME-ee-uh.)
Dysthymia may or may not have a triggering life event. Quite often, there is nothing to blame it on--no loss or life change. This can be confusing for both the person affected, and the loved ones. But just as you can catch a cold seemingly out of nowhere, you can also slip into dysthymia for no apparent reason.
Major Depression
When people say "seriously depressed," this is what they mean. Major depression often causes despair and hopelessness so profound that the person loses interest in life, becomes incapable of feeling pleasure and sexual arousal, and may be unable to get out of bed or eat for days at a time. But this illness may also cause other symptoms not easily recognized as depression: weight loss or gain; anxiety, irritability, or agitation; chronic indecisiveness; or sleep disturbances (insomnia or sleeping all the time). In other words, you can suffer a major depression and NOT FEEL BLUE.
Very often, major depression strikes without any triggering loss. This can be confusing and frustrating for both the person affected, and his or her loved ones. We want our illnesses to have clear causes. But many serious diseases do not: diabetes, cancer, arthritis. That's how it is with major depression. It's a serious disease that often develops with no discernible triggering event.
Officially, according to DSM-IV, major depression involves at least two weeks of deep despair and at least four of the following:
Sleep problems. Insomnia or sleeping all the time.
Appetite problems. Loss of appetite or major weight gain.
Lack of energy. Apathy, lethargy, no interest in anything.
Feelings of worthlessness, hopelessness, and/or terrible guilt.
Difficulty concentrating, or unusual indecisiveness.
Suicidal thoughts, or suicide attempts.
Beyond the almost unbearable misery it causes, the big risk in major depression is suicide. Within five years of suffering a major depression, an estimated 25 percent of sufferers try to kill themselves. The myth is that people who talk about suicide don't attempt it. The fact is that many people announce their intention before their suicide attempts. Take any talk of suicide very seriously. Call the person's doctor immediately.
Bipolar Disorder (Manic-Depression)
This illness involves major depressive episodes alternating with high-energy periods of wildly unrealistic activity. A manic friend might, for example, call at 3 a.m. to announce in all seriousness that she's flying to Hollywood immediately to marry Robert Redford, and star in his next movie.
Typically, bipolar disorder develops without any clear cause.
Atypical Depression
"Atypical" means unusual. Instead of feeling unrelenting gloominess and lethargy, a person with this condition might seem deeply depressed for a few days, then fine for a while, or anxious and irritable.
Like many other forms of depression, the atypical variety often develops without a triggering event.
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Depression.com