Summer Semester 2001
Content:
Students from 4th Semester, Tues 18-20, Room 41/112
We will read texts written during the heyday of British colonialism, under the reign of Queen Victoria, and will explore the ideology of Empire as reflected in novels, travelogues, essays, diaries, letters, and other genres. The two regions we will focus on are India and Africa, and we will study texts by members of the colonising power as well as the colonised countries. Some of the questions addressed will refer to internalisation of and resistance to colonisation, the rhetoric of empire and its effect on both colonisers and colonised people, and interaction between colonisers and colonised people in the affected regions. A reader will be made available; in addition, we will read two novels:
Lecture 1, 10-04-2001, 18-19:30 h
Introduction: History of the British Empire
Text: Treaty between Adeyemi, Alafin of Oyo and Head of Yorubaland and Her
Majesty, Queen of Great Britain and Ireland, July 1888
Lecture 2, 17-04-2001, 18-20 h
Text: Robert Moffat, The Matabele Journals, 1857-60
Text: Thomas Morgan Thomas, Eleven Years in Central South Africa,
1873
Lecture 3, 24-04-2001, 18-20 h
Text: George Otto Trevelyan, „The Gulf Between Us“, from The
Competition Wallah, 1864
Text: David Livingstone and Henry Morton Stanley, 1871
Lecture 4, 15-05-2001, 18-20 h
Text: Edward Wilmot Blyden, „The Aims and Methods of a Liberal Education
for Africans“, 1881
Text: Rider Haggard, King Solomon's Mines, 1885
Lecture 5, 22-05-2001, 18-20 h
Text: Rider Haggard, King Solomon's Mines, 1885
Text: G.A. Henty, „A Pipe of Mystery“, 1890
Lecture 6, 29-05-2001, 18-20 h
Text: John Seeley, The Expansion of England, 1883
Text: Joseph Chamberlain, „The True Conception of Empire“, 1897
Text: J.A. Hobson, „The Political Significance of Imperialism“,
1902
Lecture 7, 12-06-2001, 18-20 h
Text: Rudyard Kipling, „The White Man's Burden“, 1899
Text: Flora Annie Steel, „The Duties of the Mistress“, 1889
Lecture 8, 19-06-2001, 18-20 h
Text: Mary Anne Kingsley, „Black Ghosts“, 1897
Text: Rudyard Kipling, Kim, 1901
Lecture 9, 26-06-2001, 18-20h
Text: Rudyard Kipling, Kim, 1901
Text: Joseph Conrad, „An Outpost of Progress“, 1898
Lecture 10, 03-07-2001, 18-20 h
Text: Swami Vivekananda, „The Ideal of a Universal Religion“, 1896
Text: George Nathaniel, Marquess Curzon, „The British Empire“,
1906
Text: Sri Aurobindo, „The Object of Passive Resistance“, 1907
Lecture 11, 10-07-2001, 18-19:30 h
Text: J.E. Casely Hayford, Ethiopia Unbound, 1911
Conclusion
Suggestions for Oral
Presentations
(Hand in Term Papers until 30.7.2001)
Landeskunde:
Literaturwissenschaft:
Ashton, S. R. The British in India: From Trade to Empire. London: Batsford, 1987. Standort: Magazin 2049-257 5
Blunt, Alison. Travel, Gender, and Imperialism: Mary Kingsley and West Africa. New York: Guilford Press, 1994. Standort: Freihand-Magazin 5410-160 9
Brantlinger, Patrick. Rule of Darkness: British Literature and Imperialism, 1830 - 1914. Ithaca: Cornell Univ. Pr., 1988. Standort: B DTF 4295-458 3
Bristow, Joseph. Empire Boys: Adventures in a Man´s World. London: Harper Collins Academic, 1991. Standort: B BOH 4563-724 7
Cain, P.J., and A.G. Hopkins. British Imperialism: Crisis and Deconstruction 1914 - 1990. London: Longman, 1993. Standort: B MEC 4578-565 2
Cain, P.J., and A.G. Hopkins. British Imperialism: Innovation and Expansion 1688 - 1914. London: Longman, 1993. Standort: B MEC 4578-893 4
Crane, Ralph J. Inventing India: A History of India in English-language Fiction. Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1992. Standort: B DTU 4569-651 8
Dorfman, Ariel. The Empire´s Old Clothes: What the Lone Ranger, Babar, and Other Innocent Heroes Do to Our Minds. London: Pluto Pr., 1983. Standort: B BPN 4273-723 4
Ellis, Peter Berresford. H. Rider Haggard: A Voice from the Infinite. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1978. Standort: B ELA H 1455 4130-017 0
First, Ruth, and Ann Scott. Olive Schreiner: A Biography. London: Women´s Press, 1989. Standort: Magazin 4295-726 3
Flint, John E. Books on the British Empire and Commonwealth: A Guide for Students. London: Published on behalf of the Royal Commonwealth Society by Oxford Univ. Press, 1968.Standort: G OTA 4065-320 0 z.Zt. Zi Kö
Hogan, Patrick Colm, and Lalita Pandit (eds.). Literary India: Comparative Studies in Aesthetics, Colonialism, and Culture. Albany: State Univ. of New York Press, 1995. (SUNY series in Hindu studies) Standort: B HCD 4707-514 0
Huttenback, Robert A. Racism and Empire: White Settlers and Colored Immigrants in the British Selfgoverning Colonies, 1830-1910. Ithaca: Cornell Univ. P., 1976. Standort: B nicht lieferbar
Hyam, Ronald. Empire and Sexuality: The British Experience. Manchester: Manchester Univ. Pr., 1998. (Studies in imperialism) Standort: Magazin 4534-866 2
Judd, Denis. Empire: The British Imperial Experience, from 1765 to the Present. London: Fontana, 1997. Standort: B MEC 4691-305 4
Katz, Wendy R. Rider Haggard and the Fiction of Empire: A Critical Study of British Imperial Fiction. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press, 1987. Standort: B ELA H 1457 4439-342 7
Lloyd, T.O. The British Empire 1558 - 1995. 2. ed. Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press, 1996. (The Short Oxford History of the Modern World) Standort: B MEC 4676-831 9
McClintock, Anne. Imperial Leather: Race, Gender and Sexuality in the Colonial Contest. New York: Routledge, 1995. Standort: G-Magazin 4641-939 6 z.Zt. ZiKö
McClure, John A. Kipling & Conrad: The Colonial Fiction. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard Univ. Press, 1981. Standort: B ELA K 577 4232-782 2
Moss, Robert F. Rudyard Kipling and the Fiction of Adolescence. London: Macmillan, 1982. Standort: B ELA K 577 4255-480 2
Parry, Benita. Conrad and Imperialism: Ideological Boundaries and Visionary Frontiers. Standort: B ELA C 7547 4306-699 1
Porter, Bernard. Critics of Empire: British Radical Attitudes to Colonialism in Africa: 1865-1914. London: Macmillan u.a., 1968. Standort: B MEC 4088-711 5
Said, Edward W. Culture and Imperialism. London: Vintage, 1994. Standort: Freihand-Magazin 5411-293 1; Standort: C-6 4655-600 0
Schefold, Fabian. Koloniale Mythenbildung und ihre literarische Dekonstruktion: britische Kolonialliteratur von Kipling zu Farrell. Göttingen: Cuvillier, 1999. Standort: Freihand-Magazin 5411-406 5
Schreuder, Deryck Marshall. The Scramble for Southern Africa: 1877-95. The Politics of Partition Reappraised. Cambridge: Univ. Pr., 1980. Standort: B MPQ 4235-510 8
Spurr, David. The Rhetoric of Empire: Colonial Discourse in Journalism, Travel Writing, and Imperial Administration. Durham: Duke University Press, 1993. Standort: Freihand-Magazin 5210-406 4
Stevenson, Catherine Barnes. Victorian Women Travel Writers in Africa. Boston: Twayne, 1982. (Twayne´s English authors series ; 349) Standort: B DUD 4255-286 2
Street, Brian V. The Savage in Literature: Representations of „Primitive“ Society in English Fiction 1858 - 1920. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1975. (International library of anthropology) Standort: B DVU 4035-091 4
Sullivan, Zoreh T. Narratives of Empire: The Fictions of Rudyard Kipling. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press, 1993. Standort: B ELA K 577 4588-059 9
Tiffin, Chris (ed.). De-scribing Empire: Post-colonialism and Textuality. London: Routledge, 1994. Standort: B EEC 4609-737 8
Trollope, Joanna. Britannia´s Daughters: Women of the British Empire. New ed. 1995. Standort: B nicht lieferbar
Ware, Vron. Beyond the Pale: White Women, Racism and History. London: Verso, 1992. Standort: Magazin 4544-637 3
Whitlock, Gillian. The Intimate Empire: Reading Women´s Autobiography. London: Cassell, 2000. Standort: Freihand-Magazin 5411-392 7
Worswick, Clark, et al. The Last Empire: Photography in British India, 1855-1911. London: Fraser, 1976. Standort: B JZI 4085-592 7
Wyk Smith, Malvern van (ed.). Olive Schreiner and after: Essays on Southern African Literature in Honour of Guy Butler. Cape Town: Philip, 1983. Standort: B EEU 4282-563 8
Young, Robert. White Mythologies: Writing History and the West. London: Routledge, 1990. Standort: B BRB 4541-555 3
General History of the Empire:
African History:
Indian History:
Rider Haggard:
Rudyard Kipling:
Africa
| Period | Description |
|---|---|
| 1770s-1830s | Height of slave trading in East Africa. |
| 1787 | First plans for Sierra Leone colony announced in London. |
| 1806 | Great Britain takes control of South Africa |
| 1807 | Great Britain abolishes trade in slaves. |
| 1808 | Triumph of Usuman dan Fodio's jihad; he captures Gobir and begins building the capital city of his new empire at Sokoto. This sparks a series of related jihads and Islamic revivals throughout West Africa. |
| 1810s | Plantation agriculture in East Africa begins to grow dramatically until prices for cloves and other goods begin dropping in the 1850s. |
| 1811-1812 | First of many "frontier wars" between the Xhosa and the British in southern Africa. |
| 1815 | British anti-slavery naval squadron begins enforcing ban on slave trade in the Atlantic. |
| 1822 | Original settlement of African-Americans in the future Republic of Liberia. |
| 1828 | Sultan Seyyid Said of Oman moves his dynasty to Zanzibar. |
| 1828 | Shaka, king of the new Zulu Empire in southern Africa, is assassinated. |
| 1830s | Civil war leads to the collapse of the Oyo Empire in West Africa. |
| 1834 | "Great Trek" of Dutch-speaking farmers leaving the Cape Colony in South Africa begins. |
| 1838 | "Battle of Blood River" between the Zulu and Dutch-speaking voortrekkers. |
| 1840s-1870s | Numerous European explorers travel throughout Africa and publish their exploits upon returning home. |
| 1840s-1880s | Substantial growth in the number of European missions in Africa. |
| 1840s | Use of quinine as a prophylaxis against malaria begins. |
| 1850s | Louis Faidherbe begins process of French expansion up the Senegal River. |
| 1851 | Crystal Palace exhibition in London. |
| 1856 | Xhosa "cattle-killing" in southern Africa. |
| 1868 | First use of breech-loading rifles against Africans. |
| 1870s | Formation of Tippo Tib's informal empire in equatorial Africa. |
| 1870s | King Leopold II of Belgium forms network of private corporations and organizations designed to secure him territory in equatorial Africa. |
| 1873 | Closure of the slave market in Zanzibar. |
| 1874 | British sack Kumasi. |
| 1880s | Wave of competitive annexations of African territories by European states begins. |
| 1880-81 | First Anglo-Boer War; Transvaal's "independence" restored |
| 1880-1882 | Founding of Leopoldville and Brazzaville; treaties signed |
| 1880-1884 | French conflicts with Samori Ture and Umarian empire in interior West Africa |
| 1881 | French invade Tunisia; risings later in year |
| 1882 | British bombard Alexandria |
| 1882 | First use of the Maxim gun against Africans. |
| 1883-84 | Mahdi beseiges Khartoum and Gordon; Wolseley's reflief clumn dispatched. |
| 1885 | Mahdi takes Khartoum, Gordon killed. Gladstone resigns. |
| 1884-85 | Berlin Conference. |
| 1885 | BERLIN CONFERENCE concluded; German, British, French and Belgian territories designated. Some ambiguities about Portuguese boundaries. |
| 1886 | Gold rush in Transvaal |
| 1885-1889 | New French protectorates in West Africa declared. |
| 1885-1889 | British protectorates in West, East and Southern Africa declared. |
| 1888-89 | German East Africa formalized. |
| 1888 | "Rescue" of Emin Pasha. |
| 1889 | Menelik of Ethiopia signs treaty with Italy. |
| 1890 | Germans concede Uganda and Zanzibar to British |
| 1890 | Pioneer Column marches north into Ndebele territory and then to site of present-day Harare;1891 British government grants BSA Company authority over present-day Zambia, Malawi and Zimbabwe; Portuguese accept British borders of Mozambique; Rhodes talks of "Cape-to-Cairo" railway |
| 1891 | British gov't acknowledges Italian claims to Ethopia over Menelik's protests; 1896 Italian-Ethiopian war ends in defeat of Italians; Ethiopian independence acknowledged with concession of Eritrea; 1902 Menelik cedes control of Upper Nile |
| 1892 | Civil war in Buganda; British forces with Maxim guns assist "Protestant" side. |
| 1890-1892 | Anglo-French agreement on borders in West Africa; French extend control of West Africa territories |
| 1893-94 | Anglo-Asante War; 1896 Anglo-Asante War and sacking of Kumasi; protectorate declared |
| 1896-98 | "Race to Fashoda"; recapture of Khartoum by British |
| 1896-97 | Jameson Raid. Revolt against British South Africa Company by Ndebele and Shona. |
| 1899-1902 | Second Anglo-Boer War; Mafeking Night |
| 1903 | Conquest of Kano and Sokoto Caliphate |
| 1905-06 | "Moroccan Crisis"; 1911-12 Second "Moroccan Crisis" and beginning of Italian invasion of Libya. |
| 1904-05 | Herero Revolt; "extermination order". |
| 1905 | Maji-Maji Revolt. |
| 1903-04 | Roger Casement reports on Congo "atrocities". |
| 1908 | Belgium assumes control of Congo. |
This table has been adapted from a course outline by Timothy Burke, University of Swarthmore, <http://www.swarthmore.edu/SocSci/tburke1/8bsyllabus/Commentary.html>.
India
| Period | Description |
|---|---|
| 1605-27 | Reign of Jahangir; in 1612 East India Company opens first trading post (factory). |
| 1628-58 | Reign of Shah Jahan. |
| 1658-1707 | Reign of Aurangzeb, last great Mughal ruler. |
| 1707-1858 | Lesser emperors; decline of the Mughal Empire. |
| 1757 | Battle of Plassey--British victory over Mughal forces in Bengal; British rule in India begins. |
| 1835 | Institution of British education and other reform measures. |
| 1857-58 | Revolt of Indian sepoys (soldiers) against East India Company. |
| 1858 | East India Company dissolved; rule of India under the British crown--the British Raj--begins with Government of India Act; formal end of Mughal Empire. |
| 1885 | Indian National Congress (Congress) formed. |
| 1905 | Partition of Bengal into separate provinces of Eastern Bengal and Assam, West Bengal. |
| 1906 | All-India Muslim League (Muslim League) founded. |
| 1909 | Morley-Minto Reforms; separate electorates for Muslims. |
| 1912 | Partition of Bengal annulled; new province of Bihar and Orissa formed; plans to move capital from Calcutta to Delhi announced. |
| 1916 | Congress-League Scheme of Reforms (often referred to as Lucknow Pact) signed. |
| 1919 | Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms; Government of India Act. |
| 1935 | Government of India Act of 1935. |
| 1940 | Muslim League adopts Lahore Resolution; "Two Nations" theory articulated by Muslim League leader Mohammad Ali Jinnah and others. |
| August 16, 1946 | "Direct Action Day" of Muslim League. |
| August 15, 1947 | Partition of British India; India achieves independence and incorporates West Bengal and Assam; Jawaharlal Nehru becomes prime minister of India. Pakistan is created and incorporates East Bengal (the East Wing, or East Pakistan) and territory in the northwest (the West Wing, or West Pakistan); Jinnah becomes governor general of Pakistan. |
| August 15, 1947-May 27, 1964 | Jawaharlal Nehru serves as prime minister and leader of Congress-controlled government. |
| October 22, 1947-January 1, 1949 | Undeclared war with Pakistan; ends with United Nations-arranged ceasefire. |
| January 30, 1948 | Mahatma Gandhi assassinated in New Delhi. |
This table has been taken from The Worldbook of Facts, U.S., Country Studies. <http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+in0005)>.
Africa (it's coming)
India (it's coming)
Here you will find the latest information about the course (if any), and
you can post mails to me at
afripalava@uganda.co.ug.
| Date | Message |
| April 18, 2001 | Dear Students,
unfortunately, the number of participants has still not risen to a minimum level. Therefore, this course has to be cancelled. I apologize to those who faithfully attended the first two lessons. Thank you for your interest and for your understanding! |
| April 12, 2001 | Dear Students,
you can still join this course; we haven't really started yet, due to the very small number of students. If you come to the lecture on Tuesday, 17th April, you will still have the benefit of an Introduction to the History of the British Empire--so grab that chance! |
This page was created by Dominique Bediako on February 24, 2001.
It was last updated on September 26, 2001.
The URL of this website is: <http://www.oocities.org/afripalava/EnglishCourses/Empire.html>.
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For information on Anglophone African Literature and African Studies, please consult my website African Palava.
© Dr. Dominique Bediako, formerly Lecturer (English Literature), Osnabrueck, Germany (now Lecturer in German, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda)
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