"Now about the sphere magnet.
If you have a strong magnet you can change the poles in the sphere
in any side you want or take the poles out
so the sphere will not be a magnet any more." EDWARD LEEDSKALNIN
This article is conceived for privat experimentalists or educational groups, which investigate Geomagnetic Motive Systems by naturalistic experiments where toy-models of Geomagnetic Motors are made step-by-step, from simplest and weakest one - towards advanced and continuously moving wheels - fed by ambient magnetic fields.
Experiments can be completed in one working day or it can be divided for week or year. Every experiment results with contemplation of generating energy and every following experiment updates previously built motor, such rising admiration of experimentalists.
Presented here models of Geomagnetic Motors are made of standard materials listed below:
~ welding rods 5 by 450 mm ( further: rods) made of soft ferrite alloy
(optionally can be substituted by rods having 4 or even 3 mm in diameter);
~ electric insulation tape ( further: tape);
~ cast-iron handsewing-yarn (can be substituted by similar elastic and strong
yarns);
~ copper wires (for now can be substituted by tape or yarn);
~ electric peg ( can be substituted by tape, wire or yarn).
Cement coating of electrodes is removed with help of pliers, file and sandpaper, then rods are marked in middle and 25 mm from each edge.
Edges are curved perpendicular to form half of about rectangular loop
50 by 400 mm.
Tightly assembled rods are fastened with tape, such becoming rigid electroinductive and magnetorefractive loop, that is uniform and only component of these experiments. ( further: loop).
Use two or more yarns hanging down with peg on its lower edge. Length of yarns should be at least 2000 mm and ought to be operationally adjustable for fine tunning and ready to hold every following rotor that will become heavier by 125 gr., hence shorter yarns will become nessesary.
Singular loop hangs by middle of one of its long sides so that loop hang down vertically and being able to revolve in horisontal plane having vertical axis of rotation. Ambient magnetic fields induce loop to generate own magnetic poles and loop becomes motive by magnetomotive interactions between ambient and generating magnetic fields. In these experiments we imploy Earth's magnetosphere to serve as ambient magnetic field - what cause loop's motion to align with Geomagnetic axis or to extend between South and North magnetic poles of planet.
Forces acting here are same as forces acting on compass needle to align it with Geomagnetic axis.
Hanging loop becomes large compass having strange behavious...
Masses, velocities, electric potentials and oscillations, and periods and RPMs are meassurable and can be noted down or filled in logarythmic graphs. Ocasionally one may compare values manifested by large compas and similar not-inductive objecs hanging on same peg.
Next step is making stator that will be magnetising by Magnetosphere and producing local curvatures of electromagnetic fields. This curvatures will result with asymmetric potential of magnetomotive interactions between stator and rotor - resulting with generation of torque and rotation of rotor.
Use tape to fasten two loops by theirs shorter and insulated edges. Stretch loops at 45 degrees and place them as stator having one loop parallel to polar axis, and second loop pointing outside such forming stator's cog having its point on equatorial line.
having two poles on rotor and three magnetic poles on stator.
Stator is static with respect to Earth, what causes its permanent magnetisation, where edges of stator generate magnetic poles which are opposite to nearest Geomagnetic poles.
If stator is placed when rotor has came to statique equilibrium - then rotor begins hesitation or swingling, which progress about 10 degrees per hour.
Its borring to conteplate this evolusion and it is smarter to release peg and let yarns to re-normalise without weight. One may count revolutions of unwinding yarn.
When yarn is relaxed - set rotor ON AIR again and contemplate how rotor will revolve for about halfe of an hour, ... and stops resisting to over-twisted yarn to reverse rotation. Its already unusual because "casual rotors" will reverse anyhow. Some idling within 180 degrees may occure during last 5 min.
Some manipulation with stator's loops, air-gaps or position of cog - may increase or diminish quantity of generating energy. When rotor become still - stator is removed what allows yarn to revers it because that rotor's driving force become canceled.
3. SIX-POLAR STATOR AND QUADRO-POLAR ROTOR.
Two loops crossing perpendicular - form rotor being rigid electroinductive body, having four uniform arms. Di-polar rotor has evolved into quadro-polas having two or four magnetic poles generating in dependency with rotor's geographic orientation. Revolving rotor has arms with alternating polarities so that southern half of rotor has North polarised arms and Southern half of rotor has North polarised arms.
Rotor always have same polarities of its geographic halves. When rotor's arm rotates - its polarity alternates twice per revolution. Rotor's parts always magnetise with respect to nearest strongest magnetic Pole and if Earth's magnetic pole is strongest - rotor generate magnetic fields being opposite to polarities of Magnetosphere.
having quadro-polar rotor and six-polar stator.
Stator's loops becomes curved to have 100 and 300 mm sides forming 120-130 degrees angle. Loops are fastened with tape to form stator's cog of about 90 degrees where longer side of cog is parallel to Geomagnetic axis and shorter side of cog is tangential to equatorial axis. Point of cog is placed on equatorial axis about 210 mm from rotor's axis.
When set ON AIR - rotor begins slow rotation, accelerates faster than previous rotor and exhaust in bit longer time. Having same asymmetry of potential motion, this rotor does not reverses and produce bit more energy per mass and volume.
Naturally that levitating, self balancing rotor will be the best solutions, but currently they are not cheap and rather exotic utilities. Bearings will be cheaper, but do not rush to get proper bearing for this toy, because further it gonna get stronger and faster.
Just proceed with slow and careful reading and conteplation. Accuracy of propper geomagnetic orientations are grand important. Electric connexions or insulation has to be implemented in order with particular experiment.
5. DI-POLAR ROTOR AND EIGHT-POLAR STATOR.
First rotor had been improved by doubling its mass, surfaces, electric potential, etc., but useful work has increased more than twice. This progress has been achieved by advanced efficiency of stator's form - curving its surfaces - such increasing efficiency of magnetomotive and electromotive interactions between stator's and rotor's surfaces, which had improved by increasing and decreasing of attractive and repulsive forces for achieving integral producing higher torque or acceleration. Improvements of stator are following:
~ one of short sides of loop becomes curved out-centrically - such increasing
stators harnessing and reducing repulsion between rotor and outer edge of
stator;
~ second short side of stator is curved for increasing repulsion between stator's
cog and departing arm of rotor;
~ in both cases curvature of parts of Motor has gained increase of efficiency and
generating torque.
This might mean that energy is vector-value and need to be expressed both numerically and geometrically, and that "the form has the matter".
Second cross-like rotor accelerates better, what resulted from advanced synchronisation of evolving processes. Frequency of interactions between stator and rotor has been doubled.
Following model becomes improved in quantitative and qualitative ways.
Two curved loops overlar by theirs longer sides, having shorter sides outside and turned oppositely or in mirror-symmetry. Overlaping parts form central loop 50 by 80 mm, where vertical surfaces are not insulated and tightly fastened together with tape over them. Electrically connected loops become singular electic and magnetic body, having two primal magnetic poles on curved edges outside. Electric fields vectors of this rotor points toward edges of arms.
In this way two loops have formed rigid two armed and dipolar rotor.
having di-polar rotor and eight-polar stator.
Lay rotor with its edges on scewed line with rotor's middle under rotational axis.
Two curved loops are fastened by theirs shorter curved and insulated edges with tape tightly holdings loops togethe. Connecting shorter sides of loops form stator's 90 degrees cog. Four curved loops form two stators having their cogs placed on scewed line having 5 mm air gap betweencog and rotor's arms. Equatorial edges of stator are placed on equatorial line and polar edges of stator are placed 50 mm from polar line meaning Geomagnetic axis.
These magnetomotive inteactions integrate in generated torque and harnessing energy of ambient magnetic fields. Rotor's arms first attracted to oppositely polarised side of stator's cog, then fail to reach cogg and becomes near to like-polirised side of cog - what cause repulsion and departure or arm.
This rotor has simple synchronisation what makes it slower than four-armed rotor, but this rotor is stronger and continues to wind yarn for one or several hours ( if one can watch slow revolutions).
Like others Geomagnetic Motors this toy-model has asymmetric potential for direction of motion. And when it stops it hold strong agains un-winding of over-twisted yarn.
Second part of WORKS WITH ELECTRODS will present faster and stronger configurations and will continue investigations of roads of Hyperefficiency.
6. ENVIRONMENTAL AND HEALTH ISSUES.
These experiments are designed for in-door conditions, where no fluid dynamical neither electromagnetic disturbances may influence local guage of working Motor.
Avoid any inductive objects for at least 1500 mm from rotor.
Avoid strong magnetic or electric fields from influencing working Motor. There could be electric currents in wires in near walls or neighbour's sealing, which could negativelly influence results of experiments.
Avoid any recorders or sensors from interfering gauge round working Motor.
Its not recomended tor run Geomagnetic Motors for longer than few hours. Motor's electro- and thermodynamics are little investigated and long operation of Geomagnetic Motor may negativelly influence ambient electric fields, or cause dangerous electrisation of working parts.
Removing cement coating - protect your skin, eyes and inhalation.
Keep in mind ancient know-how:
"Never spin Swastika in wrong direction." -
what means: know where you are and know properties of your space-time.
In Sothern hemisphere rotor "want" to spin clock-wise, and in Northern hemisphere rotor "want" to spin count-clock-wise.
What to do with Motor for a while?
"Hang one by middle with fine thread, und hang it up in East Side of the room
where no other magnet or metal around." EDWARD LEEDSKALNIN
All rights reserved.
Published 10th of september 2007,
by Taras Leskiv - author of this article and
inventor of Geomagnetic Motive Systems.
Mail to : ageofmagnetizm [@] yahoo.com
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Second part of WORKS WITH ELECTRODS is already editting and more workshops with magnets and screens are planed for this year.
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Last updated 10th of september 2007