SALT.NaCl....made the world go round - A community's vocabulary, and possibly the population's behaviour has been drastically influenced by references to the supply, trading, consumption, and possession of salt. Prior to the Industrial Revolution, salt was so important to the development of civilisations, that any inconsistency of supplies, or lack of control of the sources of salt, could be detrimental to the community independence, and liberty .


    Notes on the ETYMOLOGY of SALT

    look-up the origin

    LOOKUP HYPERTEXT

    Etymology links



    SALT TERMINOLOGY notes

      Webster Definition for "SALT" Cross references:
      1.common salt 1. salt \'so.lt\ n [ME, fr. OE sealt; akin to OHG salz salt, L sal, Gk halsX salt, sea
      1a: a crystalline compound NaCl that is the chloride of sodium, abundant in nature, and used esp. for seasoning or preserving food or in industry
      1b: a substance (as sal soda) resembling common salt in some property pl
      1c1: a mineral or saline mixture (as Epsom salts) used as an aperient or cathartic
      1c2: SMELLING SALTS
      1d: any of numerous compounds formed by replacement of part or all of the acid hydrogen of an acid by a metal or radical acting like a metal
      2a: an element that gives savor, piquancy, or zest : FLAVOR
      2b: sharpness of wit : PUNGENCY
      2c: EARTHINESS
      2d: RESERVE, SKEPTICISM - often used in the phrase with a grain of salt
      2e: a scattered elite - usu. used in the phrase salt of the earth
      3: SAILOR or fisherman
      2. salt vt 1a: to sprinkle, rub, impregnate, or season with salt 1b: to preserve (food) with salt or in brine 2: to give flavor or piquancy to 3: to enrich (as a mine) artificially by secretly placing valuable mineral in some of the working places 4: to supply (as an animal) with salt 5: to sprinkle as if with salt {~ing clouds with silver iodide}
      3. salt aj 1a: SALINE, SALTY 1b: being or inducing one of the four basic taste sensations 2: cured or seasoned with salt : SALTED 3: overflowed with salt water 4: SHARP, PUNGENT - salt.ness n
      4. salt aj [by shortening & alter. fr. assaut, fr. ME a sawt, fr. MF a saut], lit., on the jump : LUSTFUL, LASCIVIOUS

      1. san.guine \'san-gw*n\ \-gw*n-n*s\ aj [ME sanguin, fr. MF, fr. L sanguineus, fr. sanguin-, sangu]is
      1: BLOODRED
      2a: consisting of or relating to blood
      2b: SANGUINARY of the complexion
      2c: RUDDY
      3a: having blood as the predominating bodily humor 3b: having the bodily conformation and temperament held characteristic of such predominance and marked by sturdiness, high color, and cheerfulness
      4: CONFIDENT, OPTIMISTIC - san.guine.ly av 2. sanguine n : a moderate to strong red

      DUNALIELLA ALGAE: An Halophilic algae which grows in
      highly saline solutions, in lagoons, and which turns 'blood'
      RED as it dies and settles in a static brine

      BLOOD:
      Sanguino/Sanguinetti Spanish/Italian Nickname...Both Sanguino and Sanguinetti have as their root -- sanguinis -- the Latin word for blood. The word was also appropriated by Medieval English and Medieval French as a root for words with blood as a reference. The Italians often placed diminutive suffixes on names, which would create "little blood" Sanguinetti. Descriptive names are somewhat rare among the Spanish-speaking languages, and those taken from colors are even more rare; Blanco (white), Castano, Moreno (brown), and Pardo (gray) are the only ones among the top one-thousand Latin American names.

      THE TOWN of SALT

      Salt, As-, also spelled SALT, or ES-SALT, town, west-central Jordan. It is on the old main highway (often called the
      As-Salt Road) leading from Amman to Jerusalem. The town is situated in the Al-Balqa` highland, about 2,600-2,750 feet (about 790-840 m) above sea level, and is built on two hills, one of which has the ruins of a 13th-century fortress. As-Salt is a very old settlement. The town was known as Saltus in Byzantine times and was the seat of a bishopric; it was later destroyed by the Mongols and then was rebuilt by the Mamluk sultan Baybars I (reigned 1260-77). In the early 1830s, As-Salt was blown up by the Egyptian viceroy Ibrahim Pasha during his campaigns against Palestine. After World War I it was at As-Salt that Sir Herbert Samuel, British high commissioner for Palestine and Transjordan, announced to the Transjordanian sheikhs and notables that the British favoured self-government for the country (August 1920). The town was considered to be the capital of the East Bank, of the Jordan. The town is an agricultural market, as well as an administrative centre. The chief crops produced in the vicinity are grapes (for raisins = Sultanas) and grain; tanning extract is produced from sumac bushes.


      GENERAL TERMS
      SODIUM The term sodium is derived from the Italian soda, a term applied in the Middle Ages to all alkalies;
      POTASSIUM potassium comes from the French potasse, a name used for the residue left in the evaporation of aqueous solutions derived from wood ashes. AL QALI :-[arabic] ash
      ES SALT :- town opp. Jerusalem capital prior to AMMAN
      EPSOM SALTS :- magnesium sulphate
      CHLOROS [Greek] yellow/green colour
      HALS AMMONIAKOS :-Greek : rock salt
      SODA :- sodium carbonate
      SAL NATIVUS [L] :- rock  salt
      SAL FACTICIUS [l] :- salt evaporated from brine 
      SAL MIRABILE :- glauber's salt
      SAL, SELLE, SALT, SALZ, SALERE :-sodium chloride
      SAL AMMMONIAC/ SAL ARMENICUM :-ammonium chloride
      GATZ [German][LITHUANIAN/ALBANIAN]
      NATRUM :-
      NETER [OLD TESTAMENT] pot. carbonate
      POTASH :- POTASSIUM CHLORIDE -
      SALTPETER [SALPETRE] :- potassium nitrate [salt from PETRA ?/]
      EIN BOKEK [UM BARAK]spark? flash ? saltpeter officina ?
      SAL MARITIMUS :-coastal evaporated/precipitated salt
      SAL FOSSILIS,:- mined salt
      BAIE SALT :-French sea salt
      ROCHELLE SALT


    OTHER SALT roots:

    Word: salann (SAH-luhn) [sal@n] IRISH WORD Meaning: salann = salt Usage: Cuir salann ar na glasraí. (KWIHR SAH-luhn ehr nuh GLAHS-ree) [kir' sal@n er' n@ glasri:] = Put salt on the vegetables. "Is sibhse salann na talún." (ISH SHIHV-shuh SAH-luhn nuh TAH-loon) [is s'iv's'@ sal@n n@ talu:n] = You are the salt of the earth. (Matthew 5:13) D'íosfainn le gráinnín salainn é! (JEES-een luh GRAWN-yeen SAH-lihn yay) [d'i:s@n' l'@ gra:n'i:n' sal@n' e:] = I hate his guts! (lit., I'd eat him with a pinch of salt.)
    History: Old Irish "salann", Welsh "halen" and Breton "holen" all come from Indo-European *sal- (salt).
    Scottish Gaelic: salann

      . Camden's Britannia published in 1607 the word "wiccj = salt pittes The salt makers or "wallers" derived from the anglo saxon "waellere" a boiler, [german = wallen -to boil. sal.tern \'so.l-t*rn\ n [OE sealtern, fr. sealt salt + rn house; akin to ON]rann house : a place where salt is made by boiling or evaporation Salt was sold by the Mittae at Droitwich and then later by the bushel which is not recorded in England before 1086. The Mittae at Droitwich was equivalent to four bushels or two hundredweight or a horseload (as recorded by the Rev.Hale), whereas in Cheshire a horse could carry 6 bushels because the weight of each bushel was less than a Droitwich bushel.The wiches...(Droitwich...etc UK etc) were producing salt from the salt springs for the Romans and continued to do so, up to the begining of this century

      hale[adj]=healthy>>halitosis[n]=fetor>>
      hall,[n]=chamber,>>hallelujah[n]=celebration>> hallmark[n]=label,>>hallow{vb]=sanctify,>>
      hallowed[adj]=divine>>halo[n]=honours,>>
      halves[n]=portion,>>salus, salutis (f)= health, safety->>
      salsus, -a, -um (adj)= salted,salty>>
      sal, salis (m) =salt, brine>>saltus, saltus, saltatory (m)= a leap, bound>>salutary[adj],salaam,[n]= respects>>
      salacity,[n]= unchastity,>>salami,[n] meat>>
      salariat[n]=upperclass, noble [salt of the earth]>>
      salary,[n]=earnings,payment,receipt>>
      salestalk,[n]=inducement,>>salient,[n]=region,
      manifest, battleground,important.>>saline,[adj]=salty>>
      saliva,[n]=salt excrement>>sallow[adj],>>
      salubrious[adj],=colourless,unhealthy>>
      sally[vb],=attack,witticism>>salt-port[n]=outlet. >>salon[n]=gathering>>saloon[n],=chamber>>
      saltaway[vb],=store, >>saltpetre[n],=explosive>>salvage[vb],
      salvation[n]=deliverence,preservation>> salve[n]=balm,unguent>>
      salvo[n]=bombardment, bang>>

    The Encyclopedia of the Bible (edited originally Marijnen) says about Melech: "`King.' Name of a deity venerated by the Ammonites under the name of Milcom. The Israelites worshipped him under the name of Molech." And under Molech: "A West Semitic (especially Canaanitic and Phoenician) deity." Also, "In the Hebrew O.T. the form is actually Molek. The etymology of the word is uncertain; it means `king' in Hebrew and `prince' or `regent' in Akkadian, where it takes the form Malik or . . . Malkum." The Larousse says the Baal of Tyre was solar and was later also marine. It says his title was "Melkart, `God of the City.'" And it says Philo, in his History of the Uranides," identified Melkart with Heracles (born of Demarus). In exchange of Baal-Moloch and Astarte, as they were called in Tyr and Sidon, they called them Baal-Haman and Tanit. Behind those there were Melkarth, which means `key of the city,' Eshmun, lord of riches and health, and finally, Dido herself, the founder of the city, which had the same place in Carthage than Quirinus in Rome." The many variations on spellings gathered are as follows:
    Melech, Molech, Milcom, Melkom, Moloch, Molek, Malec, Malik, Melek, Malkum, Melqart, Melkart, Milk, and Melqarth. In Islamic belief this deity is called Malec or Malik, and considered to be the principle angel in charge in Djahannam, their version of hell (Mercatante). The Jews say Malakh ha-Mavet is the Angel of Death, that "malak" means "angel" or "messenger," and that "melek" means "king" (The New Jewish Encyclopedia). BTW - The Larousse says Eshmun = Adonis. [private communication: GWEN SAYLOR 1996] ]

    VATICAN
    One needs to check a history of the Vatican States from 1492 on through the early 16th century. Umbria being so close to Rome, that's where the rebellions first occurred, especially in Terni, when the Pope flexed his tax muscle. The unsalted bread refered to (pane sciapo) is also called "pane di Terni" for the same reason. What began as a political and economic protest wound up catching on as a regional taste. I'm not sure who the Pope was at the time of the first rebellion, but it may have been the same Sixtus remembered for the Sistine Chapel. Spanish and Portuguese Indiana University [private comm. d.Bloch 1994]

    Many of the words used by the Arabs in describing science have been retained and have entered the English language. The major contributions of the Islamic culture were in three areas of science: chemistry, mathematics, and astronomy. In chemistry, Arabic words include alcohol, alkali (from al-quali, the saltwork ashes), niter (from which word we get nitrate), alkahest (the universal solvent, sought by the alchemists), and alembic (a distilling flask). In mathematics, some of the Arabic terms are algorithm, algebra, and arithmetic.

    SALT WAYS - ROUTES:
    Saumweg - general expression for route. [animal transport] meaning "salt way". [ do'saumer' 'Salway', eg 'Solway' , 'Silk' road - KINGS WAY [Hebrew - derech hamelech]

    One of the earliest pure substances of commerce was common salt (NaCl, sodium chloride). This was obtained from salt water, either the sea or salt springs, by evaporation. The evaporation could take place in natural rock hollows or in specially built basins, and both were in use well before historical records begin. Salt was of great use in food preservation and is a necessary part of a human diet. Since dry salt is fairly easily transportable, a commerce in it flourished in ancient times. Another chemical, similar to salt but less useful, known to the ancient world was soda or natron (Na2CO3, sodium carbonate) which was obtained from natural deposits such as those of the Wadi Natron in Egypt. It was used for cleansing and medicinal purposes.

    WORDS for "PEACE" in different languages:

    Abenaki -- Olakamigenoka Afrikaans -- Vrede Akan -- Asomdwoe Akkadian -- Salmu Albanian -- Pake American Standard Code for Information Interchange -- 50 45 41 43 45 Amharic -- Selam Arabic -- Salam Aymara -- Hacana Bambara -- Here Basque -- Bake Bengali -- Shanti Bislama -- Pis Blackfoot -- Innaisstiiyi Bosnian -- Mir, Spokoj Bulgarian -- Mir Burmese -- Nyeinjanyei Catalan -- Pau Chamono -- Minaggen Cherokee -- Dohiyi Chinese -- He Ping Creole -- Lape Czech -- Mir Danish -- Fred Dari Persian -- Sulh Dutch -- Vrede Egyptian -- Hetep English -- Peace Eskimo -- Erkigsinek Esperanto -- Paco Estonian - Rahu Fijian -- Vakacegu Finnish -- Rauha Fon -- Fifa French -- Paix Fula -- Jam German -- Frieden Greek -- Eiphnh(Irini) Guarani -- Apirive Halaka -- Pegdub Hausa -- Zaman Lafiya Hawaiian -- Huayolelo Manayo Hebrew -- Shalom Hindi -- Shanti Hungarian -- Beke Icelandic -- Fridur Indonesian -- Damai Irish -- Siochain Italian -- Pace Japanese -- Heiwa Khmer -- Santephep Kinyarwandu -- Amahoro Klingon -- Roj Korean -- Phyonghwa Kusaiean -- Mihs Lao -- Santiphap Latin -- Pax Latvian -- Miers Lingala -- Kimia Lithuanian -- Taika Luganda -- Emirembe Mahican -- anachemowegan Malagasy -- Fandriampahalemana Malay -- Keamanan Maltese -- Paci Maori -- Rongo Marshallese -- aenomman Mokilese -- Onpek Mongolian -- enh taiwan Mossi -- Lafi Nepali -- Shanti Norweigan -- Fred Otchipwe -- Bisaniiwewin Palau -- Budech Pali -- Sama Persian -- Sulh Pilipino -- Katahimikan Pintupi -- Yatanpa Polish -- Pokoj Portuguese -- Paz Pushtu -- Sula Quechua -- Qasikay Romanian -- Pace Romansch -- Pasch Rundi -- Amahoro Russian -- Mir Samoan -- Filemu Scottish -- Fois Serbo-Croation -- Mir Sesotho -- Khotso Shona -- Runyararo Sinhala -- Samaya Siswati -- Kuthula< LI> Slovak -- Mier Somali -- Nabada Spanish -- Paz Swahili -- Amani Swedish -- Fred Tagalog -- Kapayapaan Tahitian -- hau Tamil -- Samadanam Thai -- Santiphap Thiraro -- Mbukushi Tibetan -- Sidi Tongan -- Melino Tswana -- Khotso Turkish -- Baris Urdu -- Aman Vietnamese -- Hoa Binh Welsh -- Heddwich Woleaian -- Felaafish Wolof -- Jamma Yapese -- Gumud Yiddish -- Sholem Yoruba -- Alafia Zulu -- Ukuthula

    WORDS for "WAR" in different languages
    MELAHAMA = Hebrew eg: "an ado about Salt"

    FAMILY SURNAMES:
    Levinstein, Silverstein, Salzman, Levin, Zilberstein, Levana , Salomon, Seligman, Weisman, H