Russia and the former
Soviet Union

...Lots of issues regard native toponymy in the former Soviet Union: scripts that change, soviet names that disappear, native forms that return, the national minorities of Russia...We are particularly interested in the names of the minorities of Russia (the northern Caucasus and more). Check the following tables, and read the note about romanisation schemes below:

• Armenia. Transliterations from Armenian script, instead than from Russian cyrillic.
  • Kurdish minority.
• Azerbaijan. Script changed from cyrillic to latin (see Latinisation)
  • Kurdish minority.
• Belarus. Russian / Belorussian. Also Transliteration scheme.
• Caucasus. Sub-index and great map.
• Chechnya. A independent nation. Russian / Chechen. Also brand new Latinisation of Chechen.
• Communist names that changed:
  • Nativised Russian names / Russia (cities) / Georgia / Other Countries.
• Georgia. Transliterations from Georgian script, instead than from Russian cyrillic.
  • Cities that changed its soviet name.
  • Abkhazia. Autonomous republic, now de facto independent.
  • Kurdish minority.
  • South Ossetia, autonomous area, unsettled status.
• Kazakhstan. Russian / Kazakh. Also Transliteration scheme.
  • Kazakh dialect-speaking minority of Karakalpakia (Uzbekistan)
• Kyrgyzstan. Russian / Kyrgyz. Also Transliteration scheme.
• Moldova. Script changed from cyrillic to latin.
  • Gagauz minority. Russian / Romanian / Gagauz table.
  • Ukrainian minority in Transdniestr region.
• Russia. Check the Transliteration scheme.
  • Abaza in Karachay-Cherkessia. (with Transliteration scheme)
  • Adygea: autonomous republic in the Caucasus. Transliteration table for Adyge (Circasian)
  • Altay autonomous republic. Formerly, Gorno Altay.
  • Avar in Dagestan republic.
  • Balkar (Karachay-Balkar, Turkic language,) in Kabardino-Balkaria. Also Transliteration scheme.
  • Bashkir. In Bashkortostan autonomous republic and Chelyabinsk region.
  • Buryatia. Autonomous republic in south-central Siberia. Also Transliteration scheme.
  • Chechnya. Listed as an independent nation.
  • Cherkess (Circasian) in Karachay-Cherkessia.
  • Chukchi. Minority of easternmost Siberia.
  • Chuvashia. Autonomous republic. Also Transliteration scheme.
  • Circasians: Adygea, Cherkess in Karachay-Cherkessia and Kabardian in Kabardino-Balkaria.
  • Cities and republics that changed its name
  • Dagestan: autonomous republic in northern Caucasus. Avar, Hunzib & Lezgin languages.
  • Erzya language in Mordovia Republic.
  • Eskimos in Siberia: Asiatic Eskimo or Siberian Yupik language.
  • Estonian minority in Petserimaa region.
  • Evenki minority in Siberia.
  • Finnish in Ingria, and Karelia.
  • German names for old settlements in Kaliningrad and Volga region.
  • Hunzib: north-east Caucasian language in Dagestan.
  • Ingria. Izhorian or Ingrian; Votic; Ingrian Finns.
  • Ingushetia. Republic in the Northern Caucasus. Also Transliteration scheme
  • Kabardino-Balkaria. Republic in the Northern Caucasus. Kabardian (Circasian; with Transliteration scheme) and Balkar.
  • Kaliningrad region: old German names + Lithunian minority.
  • Kalmykia. Automous republic. Only buddhist nation in Europe. Also Transliteration scheme.
  • Karachay-Balkar: two dialects of same Turkic language spoken in Karachay-Cherkessia and Kabardino-Balkaria.
  • Karachay-Cherkessia. Republic in the Northern Caucasus. Several languages. Also Transliteration scheme for Karachay.
  • Karelia. Autonomous Republic. Russian-Finnish-Karelian table.
  • Khakassia. Autonomous republic in Siberia. Also Transliteration scheme.
  • Khanti. Ugric people of Siberia.
  • Komi Republic (Zyryan) and Komi-Permyak. Also Transliteration scheme.
  • Koryak in Kamtchatka peninsula, Siberia.
  • Lezgin in Dagestan republic.
  • Lithuanian in Kaliningrad region.
  • Mansi. Ugrian language of Siberia.
  • Mari-El republic. Russian-Mari table.
  • Moksha language in Mordovia Republic.
  • Mordovia Republic: Mordvin languages Erzya and Moksha.
  • Nenets. Uralic people living in the northern frontier of Europe and Siberia.
  • Nganasan: Uralic-Samoyedic people of Siberia.
  • Noghay in Karachay-Cherkessia. Also Transliteration scheme.
  • North Ossetia, autonomous republic of the Caucasus: Ossetian and Ingush.
  • Ossetian in North Ossetia. Also Transliteration scheme.
  • Sami (lappish) minority.
  • Selkup. Uralic people of Siberia.
  • Tatarstan. Republic within Russia. Russian-Tatar table
  • Tofalar. Turkic language of the Sayan mountains of Siberia..
  • Tuva. Autonomous republic in south Siberia. Also Transliteration scheme.
  • Udmurtia Republic. Russian-Udmurt table.
  • Ukrainian in Kuban and Rostov regions.
  • Uralic nations: a sub-index.
  • Vepse. Finnic language in Karelia and St. Petersburg region.
  • Votic. Language close to Estonian in Ingria.
  • Yakutia Republic (Sakha). Russian-Yakut table.
• Russian minorities abroad
  • in Estonia.
  • in Alaska (USA!)
• Tajikistan. Russian / Tajik. Also Transliteration scheme.
• Turkmenistan. Russian / Turkmen. (see Latinisation scheme also).
  • Turkmen minority in Uzbekistan.
  • Kurdish minority.
• Ukraine. Russian / Ukrainian. Also Transliteration scheme.
  • Crimea. Russian / Ukrainian / Crimean Tatar.
  • German names for old settlements in southern Ukraine.
  • Hungarian minority in Transcarpathia.
  • Karaim. Jewish minority with a Turkic language.
  • Polish minority.
  • Romanian minority in northern Bukovina. Russian / Ukrainian / Romanian table.
  • Ruthenia region: Rusyn / Hutsul.
  • Ukrainian abroad in Moldavia (Transnistria region).
  • Ukrainian abroad in Poland.
  • Ukrainian abroad in Russia (Kuban and Rostov regions).
  • Ukrainian abroad in Slovakia.
• Uzbekistan. Russian / Uzbek. Also Transliteration scheme.
  • Karakalpak minority. Russian / Uzbek / Karakalpak (Kazakh dialect).
  • Turkmen minority.
• Yiddish placenames in several states.

Names from most of these tables come transliterated (or romanised) from their original cyrillic scripts. We try to use international standards for that, but some transliterated characters cannot be rendered in the HTML code that we use at GeoNative (ISO/IEC 8559-1 or Latin-1 code); for instance, those "v" signs over letters (called caron or hachek). So, in those cases we use further HTML tricks as underlines. You can see right below the case of Ukrainian: the original alphabet, the standard international romanisation scheme that we chose, and the further adaptations made for GeoNative. More information in the Alphabet Street section.

 

• ODP:
  • http://dmoz.org/Regional/Europe/Russia/Society/Nationalities
• Cyrillic alphabets
  • http://www.oocities.org/Athens/Ithaca/2286/
• Soviet Minorities Red Book:
  • http://www.eki.ee/books/redbook/
• Minorities at Risk (excellent)
  • http://www.bsos.umd.edu/cidcm/mar/
• A database of nations in Russia
  • http://www.nupi.no/russland/database/start.htm
• Minority languages in Russia
  • http://members.tripod.com/~anttikoski/eng_index.html

The old Soviet Union

All republics within Russia, with their ethnic composition (big)

Ethno-linguistic map of the Caucasus (big)

Native peoples of Western Siberia

Native peoples of Eastern Siberia

 

• Eguneratua / Last updated: 1999.12.20

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