LESSON VI.


NUMERALS.- The cardinal numbers are:
un 1sep 7
du 2ok 8
tri 3non 9
quar 4dek 10
kin 5cent 100
sis 6mil 1000
milion 1,000,000
bilion 1,000,000,000,000
From these all others are formed, the adjectival -a being used to show multiplication and the conjunction e to show addition. Thus:
dek e un, 11 (ten plus one).
dek e du, 12 (ten plus two).
dek e sis, 16 (ten plus six).
dek e non, 19 (ten plus nine).
dua- dek, 20 (twice ten).
dua- dek- e- un, 21 (twice ten plus one).
tria- dek- e- quar, 34.
quara- dek- e- kin, 45.
kina- dek- e- sis, 56.
cent- e- sepa- dek- e- ok, 178.
mil- e- sisa- dek- e- sis, 1066.
mil- e- nona- cent- e- dua- dek- e- tri, 1923.

As in English, numbers may be given out, e.g., when dictating, by naming the digits only. The name of the digit 0 is zero. The last two numbers given would then be:
un zero sis sis, 1066.
un non du tri, 1923.

Ordinals are formed by the suffix -esm:
unesma, 1st centesma, 100th.
duesma, 2nd milesma, 1000th.
triesma, 3rd dekeduesma, 12th.
dekesma, 10th.
omna duesma dio, every second day.
Cardinals and ordinals can be used as nouns or adverbs by adding -o or -e:
uno, a unit trio, a trio
duo, a couple dekeduo, a dozen.
un-esmo, the first one une, in one manner.
dek-esmo, the tenth unesme, firstly.

Fractions are formed by the suffix -im:
du-imo, a half.
quar-imo, a quarter.
dek-imo, a tenth part.
cent-imo, a hundredth.
du triimi, two-thirds.
sep okimi, seven-eighths.

Multiples are formed by the suffix -opl:
du-opl-a, double. cent-opl-a, hundredfold.
(mult-opl-a, manifold.)

Distributives are formed by the suffix -op:
quar-op-e, in fours, four at a time.
(pok-op-e, little by little. vort-op-e, word for word.)
The word times in counting is translated foye:
three times, tri-foye. once, un-foye.
a hundred times, cent-foye. twice, du-foye.
When used as prefixes the numbers have special forms (except 3):
mono-, bi-, tri-, quadri-, quinqua-, sexa-, septua-, okto-, nona-.
E.g. : mono-plano, bi-plano, tri-folio, quadri-pedo, etc.

PARTICIPLES.- The present participle active ends in -anta:
vid-anta, seeing.
The past participle passive ends in -ita:
vid-ita, seen.
These are the two chiefly needed; there are six altogether, the vowels -a-, -i-, -o- being used exactly as in the indicative and infinitive to form a present, a past, and a future participle, both in the active and in the passive. This gives us the complete set:
pres.vid-anta, seeing;act.
vid-ata, being seen;pass.
pastvid-inta, having seen;act.
vid-ita, seen;pass.
fut.vid-onta, about to see;act.
vid-ota, about to be seen;pass.

CONVERSATION.

How old are you?Quante vu evas?
I am ten (years old),Me evas dek (yari),
She was thirty (years old).El evis triadek.
When I was seven.Kande me evis sep.
He is aged (of age).Il esas ev-oza (grand-eva).
The aged gentleman.La evoza sior-ulo.
I am forty years of age.Mea evo esas quaradek yari.
The baby was five months old.La infanteto evis kin monati.


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James Chandler 1997