> Turukkus in Mesopotamia

Supposedly due to some political reasons Turks are not related to times before the middle ages by western historiographers. This prejudice is most probably the main reason for the chronological difficulties concerning ancient world and prehistory. There are also important exceptions to this attitude such as Gaston Maspero who mentions about Koummouks living in Southeast Anatolia by 1000 BC. in his 3 volumes book 'Histoire Ancienne Des Peuples des L'Orient' of 1895-1908.

Excavations of Anau near Ashkabad in Turkmenistan unearthed remains from circa 4500 BC.

The tablet no 24, like many other found in the ancient city of Mari near Tell Hariri in northern Mesopotamia, dated to circa 2000 BC. tells about a people named "Turukku" coming to lands named Tiguranim and Hirbazanim.
from: Sadi BAYRAM, Guneydogu Anadolu'da Proto-Turk Izleri, 1988. 126 p. in Turkish