POSSESSIVE. - Instead of whose, Ido uses of whom, of which, di qua:
La autoro, pri la libro di qua me parolis,
The author whose book I spoke of (literally, the author concerning the book of whom I spoke).
The pronoun lo, analogously to co, to, quo, refers to an indeterminate object - to a fact rather than a thing:
Prenez ica pomo, me volas lo,
Take this apple, I desire it (= I desire you to do so; me volas ol would mean I desire it (the apple).)
Lo is also used with adjectives to mark the indeterminate sense:
Lo bona, lo vera, lo bela,
The Good, the True, the Beautiful.

AFFIXES.- para-, warding off:
para-suno, parasol. para-vento, wind-screen,.
para-pluvo, umbrella.
par-, completion of action:
par-lektar, to peruse, read through.
par-drinkar, to drink up.
par-kurar, to make the circuit of.
par-lernar, to learn thoroughly.
-esk, dorm-eskar, to fall asleep. irac-eskar, to grow angry.
sid-eskar, to sit down.
With noun roots, -esk means to become, to turn:
vir-eskar, to become a man, reach man's estate.
pal-eskar, to grow pale.
When added to the passive participle of a transitive verb, it has the same sense:
vid-at-eskar, to become visible.
-ad, repetition, frequency:
dansar, to dance; danso, a dance;
dans-ado, dancing.
-ig, with a verbal root, means "to cause to":
dorm-igar, to send to sleep;
with a non-verbal root, it means "to make, cause to be (such and such)":
bel-igar, to beautify.
-iz, to cover , supply, provide with:
arm-izar, to arm (provide with weapons).
limit-izar, to limit (fix a limit to).
adres-izar, to address (write address on).
When necessary, the sense "coat, cover with" may be rendered clearer by prefixing sur (= on):
sur-or-izar, to gild, plate with gold.
-if, to produce, generate, secrete:
flor-ifar, to blossom. sudor-ifar, to perspire.
sang-ifar, to bleed, lose blood.