AFFIXES.- dis-, separation, dissemination:
dis-donar, to distribute (by hand). dis-sekar, to
dissect.
dis-sendar, distribute (by letter).
des-, the contrary (of any action, quality, etc.):
des-honoro, dishonour. des-plezar, to displease.
des-facila, difficult. des-espero, despair.
des-pruvar, to disprove.
ne-, really an adverb meaning "not," is much used as a prefix to
indicate negation. It differs widely from des-, which marks the
"direct opposite." There is all the difference in the world between a piece
of evidence that does not prove a charge (atesto ne-pruvanta) and one
that disproves it (atesto des-pruvanta):
vole o ne-vole, willy-nilly.
sen-, a preposition meaning "without," is also used as a prefix having
the value of the English -less:
sen-viva, lifeless. sen-hara, hairless.
mi-, half:
mi-horo, half-an-hour. mi-apertita, half-open,
ajar.
mis-, wrongly, amiss:
mis-lektar, to misread.
mis-pozar, to misplace. (Note the verb egarar, to mislay).
-ach-, pejorative, giving a bad sense:
popul-acho, populace. rid-achar, to guffaw.
skrib-achar, to scrawl.
You look pale, | Vu aspektas pala. |
Are you unwell? | Kad vu esas ne-sana? |
I have a cold, | Me havas kataro. |
I have caught cold, | Me prenis kataro. |
Don't stand in the draught, | Ne restez en la aer-fluo. |
Send for the doctor, | Querigez la mediko. |
Are you often ill? | Kad vu esas ofte malada? |
No, very seldom. | No, tre rare. |
I don't remember being ill since I was a child, | Me ne memoras esir malada, depos mea infanteso. |
Last year I had a cold in the head, | Lasta-yare, me havis nazkataro. |
I had to stay at home for two days, | Me mustis restar en la domo dum du dii. |
But I did not go to bed, | Ma me ne restis en la lito. |