GROUP DYNAMICS
Component Description
    Cooperation; knowing when and how to lead, when to follow.
 

GRADES K-3
Specific Session Objective
    Students will explore the elements and benefits of good cooperation as well as the consequences of poor cooperation.

Session Materials
    Boom Box Session Content
    Soft Instrumental Music
    A string Puppet

Session Content
1. Introduce the term cooperation and solicit definitions from the students.  If none are given, define the term for the students. Brainstorm times in the students' lives when they had to cooperate with another person or group of people.  What are the benefits of cooperation?

2. Mirrors
Divide the class into pairs and instruct them to stand facing each other.  Decide who is A and follower - A is the leader and B is the follower. A begins to move in slow motion while B copies the movements exactly.  A may use any part of his/her whole body. The goal is for B to create a mirror image of A.  This requires eye contact, knowing your role and cooperation.  Play soft music for the pairs to move to.  Allow and then switch roles so that B is the leader.

3. Puppet and Puppeteer
The players continue to work in pairs.  Show the players the string puppet and demonstrate how it moves.  One player is the puppet while the other is the puppeteer.  Ask the players what position a puppet might be in when the puppeteer is not handling it.  Instruct the puppet to get into that position.  The puppeteer's job is to pull their puppet's strings and direct them what to do.  The puppet's job is to do exactly what the puppeteer commands her/him to do.  Be sure to switch roles so that each player gets to experience being the leader and the follower.

4. Yeah!
Have the players spread out around the room.  The leader starts by saying "Hey everybody, let's (names an activity) !"  At "Hey everybody...." the players all freeze to listen to the instruction. After the activity is named all the students put their fists up into the air and shout "Yeah!"  All the players then do the activity in whatever manner they choose.  The players continue to do the activity until one of the players says "Hey everybody, let's (names another activity) ." Any player may go at any time during the activities.  However, only one person may call out an activity so the players must listen closely to their fellow players.  The activity continues until the leader ends it.

5. Pass the Clap
The students stand in a circle.  The leader starts the exercise by making eye contact with the player on her/his right and then clapping at the player.  The player on the right claps at the same time as the leader.  The player then turns to his/her right and makes eye contact with the next player and passes the clap to her/him.  The receiver needs to focus on clapping at the same time as the sender.   The clap continues around the circle until the leader stops it.

Session Assessment
1. Discuss moments in the activities when people weren't cooperating.
    What happens when people don't cooperate?
2. Ask how the students feel when others don't cooperate.
3. Discuss how eye contact, reading verbal and nonverbal cues and good listening skills relate to
    cooperation.  Solicit examples from the activities.

Relevant References in Goleman's Emotional Intelligence: pp. 263-64.
                                                                Designed by: Michelle Renee White
 

GRADES 4-5

Specific Session Objective
    Students will cooperate to create machines, observe their own behavior, and discuss situations in their lives in which they have needed to cooperate with others.

Session Content
1. Introduction:
Explain "Machines": (Each person is a moving part of the machine. Each part must have an action that repeats and an accompanying sound that repeats. One person starts and then one by one, people add on, relating to the parts already in existence, to create a human machine.) Emphasize that machines have many parts that have to work together.
    Model a machine with a few students (especially if some or all of the class has not played before). Make sure to emphasize that the parts must relate to one another even though it is not planned in advance.

2. Lesson: Divide the class into groups of 3-4.
    Have all groups practice making machines. Work with different ways of moving and relating to
    one another.

3. Re-assemble the class and discuss the playing.
    Make sure to prompt students with questions such as:
        How did you decide who would start?
        Did the machine always work? Why not?
        If the machine broke down did the group blame one person?
        How did you feel when things were weren't going well?
        Etc.

4. Divide the groups into 2-3 large groups.
    Have the groups make larger machines. This time, the machines will have a task.
(It is better to have the tasks be simple so that cooperation is still the focus.    Some examples are a Peanut Butter Spreader Machine, a Plant Watering Machine,  Etc. Give the students suggestions or, let them come up with their own idea.)

Give the students 5-10 minutes to practice.
     Have the machines go one at a time so that the rest of the class can watch. Have the class point out good illustrations of cooperation in the machine. Is it clear what the machine's task is?

Session Assessment:

1.    Once all groups have had a chance to go, everyone should gather and discuss times in their lives when they have had to cooperate, and work as a group. ('.e. sports teams, band or orchestra, school projects etc.).

2.     As closure, the class may journal about a positive and a negative group experience. For each, the students should explain how the group either did or did not cooperate. The students should describe how they felt in those groups and for the negative experience the students should describe how they could have acted differently to help the group work better together.

Relevant References in Goleman's Emotional Intelligence: pp. 159-163.
                                                                            Written by: Jason Goodstone
 

GRADES 6-8

Specific Session Objective
    Students will explore group dynamics in the planning of drama scenes, observe their own behavior in these interactions and recognize such behavior in others.

Session Materials
Name tags (optional)
(If using name tags, distribute to the class, have them fill in their names and put them on immediately)

Session Content
1. Warm up: Split the class into four groups.

"The Group Dynamics Race"
The rules of the race are that each member must stay in physical contact with the group at all times but only one member of the group can move his/her feet at a time. The groups are given 2 minutes to plan (actually timed with a watch) and then the four groups race (across the room or any other designated space that is available).
    Then, combining the groups, the two large groups race each other. They will once again be given two minutes to plan and practice before they race.
    ** It is important to emphasize the creative as opposed to the competitive aspects of the "race". If the class cannot get past the winning/losing sing aspects of the race, make it a game with the whole class participating together to solve the problem.

2. Following the races, the class sits down and discusses how their strategies were decided upon. Was there a leader? How were decisions made? Did everyone have input? What was different about working with a larger group? Did the strategies change during the race? Why? Who made those decisions? Were there a relationship between the planning and practice and the results of the races? Etc.

3. Lesson: Split the class into 3-4 groups (different groups than before)

The leader can give the groups a predetermined scenario, or, the groups can make up a scenario of their own involving Setting (time and place), Character, and Situation (action and conflict). The goal in either case will be to come up with, and perform for the class; a 1-minute improv scene based on the scenario.
    The groups are ail given 5 minutes to plan and practice their scenes.
The leader asks for a group to go first.
After the group has finished the leader asks the group to play the planning and practice session that lead to the scene.
 The leader then asks the group questions such as:
    How did you feel during the planning?
    Did the scene come out the way you planned?
    Was there a leader?
    How was the leader chosen?
    Did you compromise to come to agreement?
    Were you able to incorporate anything you learned from the "Race"? Etc

Each group goes, presenting both their scene and then their planning session. The third and fourth groups can switch name tags during the playing of the planning session so that group members will play each other. Discussion questions will then include:
    Was that an accurate portrayal of what happened?
    How did you feel in the situation as the other person?
    Was what you perceived to be happening different from what actually happened?
    Etc.

Session Assessment:

1.    Once all groups have had a chance to share, everyone should gather to give feedback on the exercise, (what was learned, and what insights were gained).

2.     As closure, the class can come up with examples from their own experience that illustrate positive/productive group dynamics, or the opposite and how the people involved could have acted differently in order to improve the group dynamic.

Relevant References in Goleman's Emotional Intelligence: pp.159-163.
                                                                                    Written by: Jason Goodstone