Origin of Tarot. Research of the history of Tarot.

<html> <head> <title>Research of Tarocchi: Count Matteo Maria Boiardo and his Trionfi Poem</title> <meta name="generator" content="Created Using Yahoo! PageBuilder 2.61.83"> <meta name="author" content="autorbis"> <meta name="keywords" content="Matteo Maria Boiardo Trionfi Tarot Tarocchi Playing Cards Hebrew Alphabet Sepher Yetzirah Lazzarelli Feltrino Pico de Mirandola Eliphas Levi Mellet Jane Cocker Mari Hoshizaki Raimondo Luberti Ross Gregory Caldwell"> </head> <body bgcolor="#996600" link="#0000FF" vlink="#9999FF" text="#000000" onLoad="window.onresize=new Function('if (navigator.appVersion==\'Netscape\') history.go(0);');"> <div id="root" style="position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:1140px;height:1850px"> <div style="position:absolute;left:11;top:148;width:1117;height:1488;"> <table width=1117 height=1488 border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr valign="top"> <td><img height=1488 width=1117 src="//www.oocities.org/autorbis/boiardo.jpe" border=0 ></td> </tr></table></div> <div style="position:absolute;left:387;top:1010;width:377;height:207;"> <table width=377 height=207 border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr valign="top"> <td bgcolor="#F0F0F0"><b><i><font size="+1"><span style="font-size:18"> </span></font></b></i></td> </tr></table></div> <div style="position:absolute;left:392;top:1017;width:370;height:193;"> <table width=370 height=193 border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr valign="top"> <td bgcolor="#F0F0F0"><b><i><font size="+1"><span style="font-size:18">Foreign Links to Count Matteo Maria Boiardo <br></span></font></b></i><span style="font-size:14"><br></span><a href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02622b.htm"><span style="font-size:14">Biography in English</span></a><span style="font-size:14"><br></span><a href="http://til.scu.uniroma1.it/dynaweb/tildoc/tilcan/paratesti/Boiard1/@Generic__BookTextView/35"><span style="font-size:14">Biography in Italian<br></span></a><a href="http://www.intratext.com/X/ITA1014.HTM"><span style="font-size:14">Text of Orlando innamorato (Italian)<br></span></a><a href="http://web.genie.it/utenti/b/blissett/led/oinnams.pdf"><span style="font-size:14">Text of Orlando innamorato (alternative version; Italian)<br></span></a><a href="http://www.camelot-irc.it/biblioteca/orlando_innamorato/frame.htm"><span style="font-size:14">Text of Orlando innamorato (alternative version; Italian)<br></span></a><a href="http://www.brown.edu/Departments/Italian_Studies/people/zafrin/italy.html"><span style="font-size:14">Roland in Italy<br></span></a><a href="http://www.recmusic.org/lieder/b/boiardo/"><span style="font-size:14">Boiardo-Songs</span></a><a href="http://www.intratext.com/X/ITA1014.HTM"><span style="font-size:14"><br></span></a><a href="http://www.spiritone.com/~filipas/Masquerade/Reviews/boiardo.html"><span style="font-size:14">Review of a modern Boiardo-deck by Mark Filipas<br></span></a><a href="http://members.pgv.at/homer/tarock/renier.htm"><span style="font-size:14">Rodolfo Renier: Tarocchi of Count Matteo Maria Boiardo</span></a></td> </tr></table></div> <div style="position:absolute;left:260;top:175;width:531;height:304;"> <table width=531 height=304 border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr valign="top"> <td bgcolor="#F0F0F0"><span style="font-size:14"> </span></td> </tr></table></div> <div style="position:absolute;left:273;top:185;width:505;height:289;"> <table width=505 height=289 border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr valign="top"> <td bgcolor="#F0F0F0"><span style="font-size:14">Count Matteo Maria Boiardo  wrote probably before 1465 a poem about Trionfi cards, which are presented by him in a 4x14 + 22 - structure.<br>At the current moment of Tarocchi research this is the oldest reference to a deck with 22 trumps, other earlier documents do suggest, that Trionfi cards were handled before in 5x13 (Lucca-Tarocchi), 5x14 (</span><a href="http://www.oocities.org/autorbis/pbm14new.html"><span style="font-size:14">Bembo-14</span></a><span style="font-size:14">, Ferrarese documents of </span><a href="http://www.oocities.org/autorbis/ferrara1442.html"><span style="font-size:14">1441</span></a><span style="font-size:14"> and 1457) or 5x16-structure (</span><a href="http://www.oocities.org/autorbis/VMnew.html"><span style="font-size:14">Cary-Yale</span></a><span style="font-size:14">). From this it must be suspected, that Count Boiardo possibly invented this structure, which finally developed to be the standard representation of the Tarocchi- or Tarot-game.<br>The number 22 inside the game of Tarot much later caused the suggestions of Count de Mellet and Eliphas Levi, who claimed, that Tarot developed in context to  kabbalistic ideas in relation to the 22 letters of the Hebrew alphabet. This suggestions did take a dominant influence upon modern Tarot, especially as specific astrological ideas connected to the Hebrew alphabet in the manner of the prekabbalistic Sepher Yetzirah were now related to individual Tarot trumps. <br>From this the question araises, if Boiardo (in the case, that he really was the first, who used this scheme for a Trionfi deck), was influenced by Hebrew contemporaries to choose just the number 22 for his trumps. </span></td> </tr></table></div> <div style="position:absolute;left:381;top:484;width:382;height:518;"> <table width=382 height=518 border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr valign="top"> <td bgcolor="#F0F0F0"><b><i><font size="+1"><span style="font-size:18"> </span></font></b></i></td> </tr></table></div> <div style="position:absolute;left:391;top:487;width:369;height:506;"> <table width=369 height=506 border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr valign="top"> <td bgcolor="#F0F0F0"><b><i><font size="+1"><span style="font-size:18">Own Works and Material to <br>Count Matteo Maria Boiardo<br><br></span></font></b></i><a href="http://www.oocities.org/autorbis/boiardopoem3.html"><b><i><font size="+1"><span style="font-size:18">Boiardos Poem<br></span></font></b></i></a><a href="http://www.oocities.org/autorbis/boiardotrans.html"><b><i><font size="+1"><span style="font-size:18">Translation of the Poem<br>    - work in progress</span></font></b></i></a><b><i><font size="+1"><span style="font-size:18"><br></span></font></b></i><a href="http://www.oocities.org/autorbis/boiardolife.html"><b><i><font size="+1"><span style="font-size:18">Time-Line of Boiardo's Life</span></font></b></i></a><b><i><font size="+1"><span style="font-size:18"><br></span></font></b></i><a href="http://www.oocities.org/autorbis/viti.html"><b><i><font size="+1"><span style="font-size:18">The Commentar of Viti<br></span></font></b></i></a><a href="http://www.oocities.org/autorbis/boiardodummett.html"><b><i><font size="+1"><span style="font-size:18">Dummett about the Boiardo Deck</span></font></b></i></a><b><i><font size="+1"><span style="font-size:18"><br></span></font></b></i><a href="http://www.oocities.org/autorbis/boiardo.htm"><b><i><font size="+1"><span style="font-size:18">Some Cards of the Boiardo Deck<br><br></span></font></b></i></a><a href="http://www.oocities.org/autorbis/boiardo.html"><b><i><font size="+1"><span style="font-size:18">Interpretation of the Boiardo Deck</span></font></b></i></a><a href="http://www.oocities.org/autorbis/boiardo.htm"><b><i><font size="+1"><span style="font-size:18"><br></span></font></b></i></a><b><i><font size="+1"><span style="font-size:18">      in a Scheme of Kabbala<br><br>Research-Questions:<br>   </span></font></b></i><a href="http://www.oocities.org/autorbis/boiardofeltrino.html"><b><i><font size="+1"><span style="font-size:18">Boiardo and Grandfather Feltrino</span></font></b></i></a><b><i><font size="+1"><span style="font-size:18">     <br>   Boiardo and his Uncle Tito Vespasian Strozzi <br>   Boiardo and his Nephew Pico de Mirandola<br>   Boiardo and the Este and Ferrara<br>   Jewish Influences on Boiardo <br>   Boiardo and the Sforzas<br>   Boiardo and Lazzarelli</span></font></b></i></td> </tr></table></div> <div style="position:absolute;left:33;top:33;width:118;height:70;"> <table width=118 height=70 border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr valign="top"> <td align="center"><a href="http://trionfi.com"><b><i><font color="#CCCCFF" size="+1"><span style="font-size:18">Home <br>to trionfi.com</span></font></b></i></a><b><i><font color="#CCCCFF" size="+1"><span style="font-size:18"> </span></font></b></i></td> </tr></table></div> <div style="position:absolute;left:188;top:28;width:534;height:101;"> <table width=534 height=101 border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr valign="top"> <td align="center"><b><i><font color="#CCCCFF" size="+2"><span style="font-size:24">Research of Tarocchi<br>Count Matteo Maria Boiardo and his Trionfi Poem<br>The first 22 in relation to a Trionfi Deck</span></font></b></i></td> </tr></table></div> <div style="position:absolute;left:133;top:1753;width:558;height:45;"> <table width=558 height=45 border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr valign="top"> <td bgcolor="#CCCCFF" align="center"><i><font color="#0000FF" size="-1"><span style="font-size:12">Links on this page do lead to foreign resources. The author is not responsible for the contents of these sites.<br>If you want to return to this site, bookmark this page or use the "back" button of your browser.</span></font></i></td> </tr></table></div> <div style="position:absolute;left:289;top:1816;width:240;height:22;"> <table width=240 height=22 border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr valign="top"> <td bgcolor="#9999FF" align="center"><i><font color="#0000FF"><span style="font-size:14">copyright: </span></font></i><a href="mailto:autorbis@yahoo.com"><i><font color="#0000FF"><span style="font-size:14">autorbis@yahoo.de</span></font></i></a></td> </tr></table></div> <div style="position:absolute;left:119;top:1639;width:592;height:98;"> <table width=592 height=98 border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr valign="top"> <td bgcolor="#F0F0F0" align="center"><b><i><font color="#0000FF" size="+1"><span style="font-size:18">The contents of the page are done by the cooperation of the members of the Boiardo group:<br>Jane Cocker, Mari Hoshizaki, Raimondo Luberti, Ross Gregory Caldwell, autorbis</span></font></b></i></td> </tr></table></div> <div style="position:absolute;left:85;top:1259;width:689;height:346;"> <table width=689 height=346 border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr valign="top"> <td bgcolor="#F0F0F0"><b><font color="#0000FF"><span style="font-size:14"> </span></font></b></td> </tr></table></div> <div style="position:absolute;left:93;top:1269;width:661;height:327;"> <table width=661 height=327 border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr valign="top"> <td bgcolor="#F0F0F0"><b><font color="#0000FF"><span style="font-size:14">Four passions of the lady soul<br>they have forty cards in this game...<br>...Love, Hope, Jealousy, and Fear<br>are the passions, and a tercet have the cards,  <br>in order not to leave, who plays, in error.<br><br></span></font></b><span style="font-size:14">In this engaging glimpse of the Boiardo Tarocchi poem translated by Jane Cocker,  we also touch on one of the early turns where poetry and playing cards meet in the courtly society of 15th century.  The author, Matteo Maria Boiardo, Count of Scandiano, is usually celebrated by historical papers for his vernacular Tuscan epic, Bordering on<br>Love.<br>It is fitting to open on his light narrative, done in vernacular Tuscan,  of poetic courtly love and court figures, for it was his natural self to be more of a poet than a prudent politician - but he was both in service to the D'Este.  <br>Indeed, the four human passions also play a strong part of his life from his own family, especially jealousy and fear from the less favored. <br>We will allude to his work in context, but our focus is more a time-line of Boiardo's placement with the ruling family of Ferrara, the D'Estensi. We will begin with the grandfather, Feltrino Boiardo, who was a companion on Crusades to Niccolo I D'Este, then touch on influences to the growing MM Boiardo, and major events of his adult<br>years, associated with Duke Borso and more extensively with the successor to the Ducal Crown, Ercole. Over<br>time, topics might be developed by members of the working group into essay format.</span></td> </tr></table></div> <div style="position:absolute;left:14;top:174;width:233;height:311;"> <table width=233 height=311 border=0 cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr valign="top"> <td><img height=311 width=233 src="//www.oocities.org/autorbis/boiardo.jpe" border=0 ></td> </tr></table></div> </div> </body> </html>