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Henry Wadsworth Longfellow
The Villiage Blacksmith
The Children's Hour
Paul Revere's Ride


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Pin And Quill        
A Poet and His Poems
        Pin And Quill

Excerpts from the book, “The Chief American Poets” published in 1905, by The Riverside Press of Cambridge, Mass., and edited and compiled by Dr. Curtis Hidden Page, Ph. D., of Dartmouth College. In the book, there are biographical sketches of each of the poets presented therein. The section on Longfellow starts like this:

"Henry Wadsworth Longfellow was born at Portland, Maine, February 27, 1807, the second of eight children. He came of an old New England Family. His father and his great-grandfather were graduates of Harvard College. On his mother’s side he was descended from John and Priscilla Alden of Plymouth, and his maternal grand father, General Peleg Wadsworth, was a distinguished officer in the Revolution."

The book goes to say that Longfellow did not go to Harvard, but to Bowdoin, where his father was on the board of trustees. He graduated second in the class of 1825. A fellow classmate was Hawthorne and in the next class was Franklin Pierce, future President.

After graduation, Henry accepted a professorship of modern languages, and Bowdoin, with the condition that he spend some time in Europe to strengthen his skills. However, because of unfavorable conditions at sea, he did not leave the US, until May,1826.

He returned in 1829, having mastered French, Spanish, and Italian, but was unable to get a good grasp on German. Between then and 1834, Longfellow wrote and published elementary text-books in both French, and Spanish, but only a few more of his own pieces.

Longfellow had been married, in 1831, and when, in 1824, he was offered a position with Harvard, the ‘Smith Professorship of French and Spanish Languages and Literature, he accepted. With this came another stipulation of traveling to Europe again to study German, this time he mastered that language as well. Sadly, however, his wife became ill and died in November, 1835, and though he spent the rest of the time studying, and mastering the German language, he was depressed and lonely.

On his return, in 1836, he took up the duties at Harvard and was kept very busy, but retained his dream of writing prose, and bring his thoughts to the world. In his spare time, he managed to write short poems and, in 1839 published a short volume called ‘Voices of the Night’, and another, ‘Ballads and Other Poems’ , in 1841, which contained, the ‘Village Blacksmith’.

The next year, Longfellow took a leave from Harvard, because of poor health, and again went abroad. On that trip, he met Charles Dickens and so empresses with his views on slavery, he composed seven short poems on the subject which were first published in 1842. For these poems alone he was offered a nomination to Congress, but refused

In 1843, Longfellow married again, and settled down to a more stable life. It was then that his maturity began to show in his work. He published two more volumes of work, and began 'Evangeline’, in 1845.

Dr. Page then writes, "On the last Day of 1845, Longfellow wrote in his Journal: ‘Peace to the embers of burnt-out things; fears, anxieties, doubts, all gone! I see them now as a thin blue smoke, hanging in the bright heaven of the past year, vanishing away into utter nothingness. Not many hopes deceive, not many illusions scattered, not many anticipations disappointed; but love fulfilled, the heart comforted, the soul enriched with affection!’ The first period of his life and writing was in fact finished, and his next fifteen years were to contain the largest and the most important part of his poetical work."

Between 1845 and 1861, Longfellow produced the most of his poetic works: Evangeline’—1847; ‘Hiawatha’—1855; the ‘Courtship of Miles Standish’—1858, and many others. And during these years, his five children came and inspired, ‘Children’, and The Children’s Hour’.

Though his home life prospered, his college life seemed stall, and after some literary success, he resign his possession at Harvard in 1854, and devoted his time to his writing. Many of the things he wrote about, he had no first-hand knowledge about, but got through his reading or listening to tales, and even from painting. The ‘Wreck of the Hesperus’, ‘Hiawatha’, and ‘Evangeline’ came to him in this way.

1861 brought tragedy to his house, when his wife was severely burn and died the next day, Longfellow, himself had been burned badly while trying to smother the fire on his wife’s dress and was confined to bed on the day of the funeral, which took place on their wedding anniversary.

From that time on, he buried himself in his work, but his works were longer: ‘Tales of a Wayside Inn’; the ‘New England Tragedies’; and the ‘Divine Tragedy’, and began his sonnets.

Again Dr. Page’s words. "Longfellow’s last years were made happier by the devotion of his own children, and by the love of all children who knew him—and it would seem that few in America, or even in England or Germany, did not know him. The story of his gift from the Cambridge schoolchildren on his seventy-second birthday, and of their constant visits to his home, is too well know to be repeated. His seventy-fifth birthday was celebrated in the schools throughout the United States, and was made memorable also by Whittier’s poem, ‘The Poet and the Children.’ He died not quite a month later, March 24, 1882."

Longfellow’s life was that of a simple, faithful, true man and gentleman, kindly and home-loving. And that is what he has put into his verse. He has been well called ‘the laureate of the common human heart.’ He is first and most of all the poet of the home. There is not an aspect of home life that he has not touched and beautified. If mush of his poetry is mere commonplace, it is always the making beautiful of the commonplace.”

Finally, Dr. Page writes, “Longfellow is the only American who has successfully written poems of any considerable length. The long poem is different from the short poem, as the novel is from the short story, not only in quantity, but in kind. The long poem is an entirely different literary class or genre. It is Longfellow’s distinctive glory that he had the patience and the sustained artistic power to win success in this difficult form,--a kind of success which is almost the rarest in literature, and second only to success in the true dramatic presentation of character and life.”

I hope you enjoyed this short version of the biographical sketch of Longfellow’s life. Now, here are the three poems by Longfellow that I learnt as a child and still love to hear. [ Top]




The Village Blacksmith
by
Henry Wadsworth Longfellow

Under a spreading chestnut-tree
        The village smithy stands;

The smith, a mighty man is he,
        With large and sinewy hands;

And the muscles of his brawny arms
        Are strong as iron bands.

His hair is crisp, and black, and long,
        His face is like the tan;

His brow is wet with honest sweat,
        He earns whate'er he can,

And looks the whole world in the face,
        For he owes not any man.

Week in, week out, from morn till night,
        You can hear his bellows blow;

You can hear him swing his heavy sledge,
        With measured beat and slow,

Like a sexton ringing the village bell,
        When the evening sun is low.

And children coming home from school
        Look in at the open door;

They love to see the flaming forge,
        And hear the bellows roar,

And catch the burning sparks that fly
        Like chaff from a threshing-floor.

He goes on Sunday to the church,
        And sits among his boys;

He hears the parson pray and preach,
        He hears his daughter's voice,

Singing in the village choir,
        And it makes his heart rejoice.

It sounds to him like her mother's voice,
        Singing in Paradise!

He needs must think of her once more,
        How in the grave she lies;

And with his hard, rough hand he wipes
        A tear out of his eyes.

Toiling,—rejoicing,—sorrowing,
        Onward through life he goes;

Each morning sees some task begin,
        Each evening sees it close;

Something attempted, something done,
        Has earned a night's repose.

Thanks, thanks to thee, my worthy friend,
        For the lesson thou hast taught!

Thus at the flaming forge of life
        Our fortunes must be wrought;

Thus on its sounding anvil shaped
        Each burning deed and thought.

Dr. Page's comments about this poem: "Longfellow at first called 'The Village Blacksmith' a 'new Psalm of Life,' but later it was included among the 'Ballads.' In 1876 the 'spreading chestnut-tree' was cut down to give room for the widening of Brattle Street, and from its wood was made the armchair presented to Longfellow by the schoolchildren of Cambridge. [ Top]




The Children's Hour
by
Henry Wadsworth Longfellow

Between the dark and the daylight,
       When the night is beginning to lower,

Comes a pause in the day's occupations,
       That is known as the Children's Hour.

I hear in the chamber above me
       The patter of little feet,

The sound of a door that is opened,
       And voices soft and sweet.

From my study I see in the lamplight,
       Descending the broad hall stair,

Grave Alice, and laughing Allegra,
       And Edith with golden hair.

They whisper, and then a silence;
       Yet I know by their merry eyes

They are plotting and planning together
       To take me by surprise.

A sudden rush from the stairway,
       A sudden raid from the hall!

By three doors left unguarded
       They enter my castle wall!

They climb up into my turret
       O'er the arms and back of my chair;

If I try to escape, they surround me;
       They seem to be everywhere.

They almost devour me with kisses,
       Their arms about me entwine,

Till I think of the Biship of Bingen
       In his Mouse-Tower on the Rhine!

Do you think, O blue-eyed banditti,
       Because you have scaled the wall,

Such an old mustache as I am
       Is not a match for you all!

I have you fast in my fortress,
       And will not let you depart,

But put you down into the dungeon
       In the round-tower of my heart.

And there will I keep you forever,
       Yes, forever, and a day,

Till the walls shall crumble to ruin,
       And moulder in dust away!

Dr. Page's wonderful notation on this poem is: "The ideal commentary on this poem is found in a letter of Longfellow's 'To Emily A——,' August 18,1859:

'Your letter followed me down here by the seaside, where I am passing the summer with my three little girls. The oldest is about your age; but as little girls' ages keep changing every year, I can never remember exactly how old she is, and have to ask her mamma, who has a better memory than I have. Her name is Alice; I never forget that. She is a nice girl, and loves poetry almost as much as you do.

The second is Edith, with blue eyes and beautiful golden locks which I sometimes call her "Nankeen hair" to make her laugh. She is a very busy little woman, and wears gray boots.

The youngest is Allegra; which, you know, means merry; and she is the merriest little thing you ever saw,—always singing and laughing all over the house....

I do not say anything about the two boys. They are such noisy fellows it is of no use to talk about them.' [ Top]




Paul Revere's Ride
by
Henry Wadsworth Longfellow

Listen, my children and you shall hear

Of the midnight ride of Paul Revere,

On the eighteenth of April, in Seventy-five;

Hardly a man is now alive

Who remembers that famous day and year.

He said to his friend, "If the British march

By land or sea from the town to-night,

Hang a lantern aloft in the belfry arch

Of the North Church tower as a signal        light,—

One if by land, and two if by sea;

And I on the opposite shore will be,

Ready to ride and spread the alarm

Through every Middlesex village and farm,

For the country folk to be up and to arm."


Then he said "Good-night!" and with        muffled oar

Silently rowed to the Charlestown shore,

Just as the moon rose over the bay,

Where swinging wide at her moorings lay

The Somerset, British man-of-war;

A phantom ship, with each mast and spar

Across the moon like a prison bar,

And a huge black hulk, that was magnified

By its own reflection in the tide.


Meanwhile, his friend through alley and        street

Wanders and watches, with eager ears,

Till in the silence around him he hears

The muster of men at the barrack door,

The sound of arms, and the tramp of feet,

And the measured tread of the grenadiers,

Marching down to their boats on the shore.

Then he climbed the tower of the Old North        Church,

By the wooden stairs, with stealthy tread,

To the belfry chamber overhead,

And startled the pigeons from their perch

On the sombre rafters, that round him        made

Masses and moving shapes of shade,—

By the trembling ladder, steep and tall,

To the highest window in the wall,

Where he paused to listen and look down

A moment on the roofs of the town

And the moonlight flowing over all.


Beneath, in the churchyard, lay the dead,

In their night encampment on the hill,

Wrapped in silence so deep and still

That he could hear, like a sentinel's tread,

The watchful night-wind, as it went

Creeping along from tent to tent,

And seeming to whisper, "All is well!"

A moment only he feels the spell

Of the place and the hour, and the secret        dread

Of the lonely belfry and the dead;

For suddenly all his thoughts are bent

On a shadowy something far away,

Where the river widens to meet the bay,—

A line of black that bends and floats

On the rising tide like a bridge of boats.


Meanwhile, impatient to mount and ride,

Booted and spurred, with a heavy stride

On the opposite shore walked Paul Revere.

Now he patted his horse's side,

Now he gazed at the landscape far and        near,

Then, impetuous, stamped the earth,

And turned and tightened his saddle girth;

But mostly he watched with eager search

The belfry tower of the Old North Church,

As it rose above the graves on the hill,

Lonely and spectral and sombre and still.

And lo! as he looks, on the belfry's height

A glimmer, and then a gleam of light!

He springs to the saddle, the bridle he        turns,

But lingers and gazes, till full on his sight

A second lamp in the belfry burns.


A hurry of hoofs in a village street,

A shape in the moonlight, a bulk in the        dark,

And beneath, from the pebbles, in passing,        a spark

Struck out by a steed flying fearless and        fleet;

That was all! And yet, through the gloom        and the light,

The fate of a nation was riding that night;

And the spark struck out by that steed, in        his flight,

Kindled the land into flame with its heat


He has left the village and mounted the        steep,

And beneath him, tranquil and broad and        deep,

Is the Mystic, meeting the ocean tides;

And under the alders that skirt its edge,

Now soft on the sand, now loud on the ledge,

Is heard the tramp of his steed as he rides.


It was twelve by the village clock

When he crossed the bridge into Medford        town.

He heard the crowing of the cock,

And the barking of the farmer's dog,

And felt the damp of the river fog,

That rises after the sun goes down.


It was one by the village clock,

When he galloped into Lexington.

He saw the gilded weathercock

Swim in the moonlight as he passed,

And the meeting-house windows, black and        bare,

Gaze at him with a spectral glare,

As if they already stood aghast

At the bloody work they would look upon.


It was two by the village clock,

When he came to the bridge in Concord        town.

He heard the bleating of the flock,

And the twitter of birds among the trees,

And felt the breath of the morning breeze

Blowing over the meadow brown.

And one was safe and asleep in his bed

Who at the bridge would be first to fall,

Who that day would be lying dead,

Pierced by a British musket ball.


You know the rest. In the books you have        read

How the British Regulars fired and fled,—

How the farmers gave them ball for ball,

From behind each fence and farmyard wall,

Chasing the redcoats down the lane,

Then crossing the fields to emerge again

Under the trees at the turn of the road,

And only pausing to fire and load.


So through the night rode Paul Revere;

And so through the night went his cry of        alarm

To every Middlesex village and farm,—

A cry of defiance, and not of fear,

A voice in the darkness, a knock at the        door,

And a word that shall echo for evermore!

For, borne on the night-wind of the Past,

Through all our history, to the last,

In the hour of darkness and peril and need,

The people will waken and listen to hear

The hurrying hoof-beats of that steed,

And the midnight message of Paul Revere.

Dr. Page's comment: "Paul Rever's Ride is the first story in the 'Tales of a Wayside Inn', a series of tales in verse set in a frame-work something like that of Chaucer's 'Canterbury Tales', and supposed to be told by a group of friends gathered at the Red-Horse Inn at Sudbury, about twenty mile from Cambridge. The story of Paul Revere is told by the landlord, whose portrait is drawn in the 'Prelude:' of the 'Tales'" arrow pointing back homeBack Home



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