Racial Bias-preferential treatment of one race over the other.  In this case, lesser sentencing of whites over minorities or any unequal treatment between the two groups.

Different forms:
     Lesser sentences to white defendants
     Lesser sentences when victim is a minority
     Prosecutors making race an issue
            i.e. calling minority defendants by racial stereotypes
     Excluding minorities from jury duty
            -excluding individuals without a valid reason
            -For racial bias, it would be in cases involving mainly black defendants.  The prosecutors have
             used their challenges to create all white juries, which increase convictions of black defendants.
     Racist representation of defendants from their lawyers
            -when court appointed lawyers are incommpetent and openly bigoted against minority defendants
            -An example would be when discussing thhe case, or in a closing statement, the lawyer of the
             defendant refers to their client in a stereotypical or bigoted way.
            -ex. Wilburn Dobbs of Georgia referred to his client during the trial using racial slurs, such as the
             word, “nigger.”  Or when, Ramon Mata, a Hispanic man, was sentenced to death in Texas in 1986
             by an all white jury after his attorney agreed with the prosecutor, agreed to the removal of all
             potential non-white jurors.  Another example, was when Gary Burris, black, was described to the
             jury in closing arguments as a “insignificant, snivelly little street person.”
    Racial Bias in the deliberation room
            -Juries deliberate behind closed doors,, to eliminate bias.
            -An example would be if the jurors are less impartial to than the requirement of justice would
             demand.  In other words, they bring personal bias into the jury room.
            -ex.  Capital Jury Project with innterviews of more than 1000 jurors who have served in death
             penalty trials in 14 states shows that there are racial attitudes and stereotypes that the jurors display
             during interviews and that likely affected their decision.  One juror quoted, anonymously, that, “he
             [the defendant] was a big man who looked like a criminal…he was big and black and kind of ugly.
             So, I guess when I saw him, I thought, this fits the part.”
    Bias of judges
            -the judge should be impartial over thee trial
            -An example would be when they are not neutral over the trial.
            -ex. In Missouri in 1991, Judge Earl Bllackwell made a statement criticizing the Democratic party for
             its representation of minorities, including homosexuals and people with skin colors, “that’s any
             color but white.”  Judge Blackwell, after an investigation revealed that he was opposed to many
             things such as integration, which probably contributed to his racial bias against the whole trial,
             against Kinder (a black man who was on trial for homicide, and was sentenced to death row.)
    Prosecutorial discretion
            -choosing whether or not to seek the deeath penalty
            -An example of this form of bias would be seeking the death penalty only if the defendant is a
              minority.
 
 

 Source
 Source of Graphs