¤£¦p´N½Í½ÍÂå³N

¡@

²{¦s³Ì¦­¤¤°êÂå¾Ç¤åÄm <<¶À«Ò¤º¸g>>

Abu'l-Faraj Ibn Abi Ya'qub Al-Nadim ¤D¤@¦W¤Ú®æ¹F¤å¨ã°Ó, ¨ò©ó 995 ¦~. ¤Ú®æ¹F¬O¤µ¤Ñ¥ì©Ô§J­º³£, ¤]§Y¬Oªü¨½¤Ú¤Ú»P¤C¤Q¤jµs®É¥Nªº "¤K¹F«°". ³o¦ì¦W¦r«Üªøªºªü©Ô§B¤H¼g¦¨¤F <<¬ì¾Ç®Ñ¥Ø>> (Fihrist Al'ulum), ®É¬°¤½¤¸ 998 ¦~.

®Ñ¤¤´£¨ì¤@¦ìªü©Ô§B¤jÂå®v»P·Ò¤¦®a Muhamad Ibn Zakariya Al-razi ªº¬G¨Æ, ¨Ã¤Þ­z¤j®v Al-razi ©Ò»¡ªº¤@­Ó¤p¬G¨Æ: "¦³¤@¦ì¤¤°ê¾ÇªÌ¨Ó¨ì§Ú®a, ¥L¦b¥»«° (À³¸Ó¬O¤Ú®æ¹F) ¦í¤F¤@¦~¥ª¥k. ¥Lªá¤F¤­­Ó¤ë®É¶¡¾Ç·|¤Fªü©Ô§B¤å, ¨Ã¥B½T¹ê°µ¨ìÁ¿±o¬y§Q, ¼g±o³q¶¶. ·í¥L¨M©w¦^°ê«á, ¥L¤j¬ù´£«e¤@­Ó¤ë¹ï§Ú»¡ :"§Ú­nÂ÷¶}³o¸Ì¤F, °²¨Ï¦³¤HÄ@·N¦b§ÚÂ÷¤§¥H«e, §â»\­Û (GALEN~ Galen of Pergamum, 129-216) ªº¸g¨å¤Q¤»¨÷µÛ§@Ūµ¹§ÚÅ¥, §Ú´N¥Ì¤ß¤F." §Ú§i¶D¥L»¡, ³oÂIÂI®É¶¡ÁÙ¤£°÷§Û¿ý¤@¤p³¡¤À©O. ¥i¬O¥L»¡ :"§Ú¨D§A¦b§Ú¨«¤§«e, §â§Aªº¥þ³¡®É¶¡³£°eµ¹§Ú, ¨Ã¥BºÉ§Ö¦aŪµ¹§ÚÅ¥. §A¯àŪ±o¦h§Ö, §Ú±N¼g±o¤ñ§AÁÙ§Ö." ³o¼Ë, §Ú©M§Úªº¤@­Ó¾Ç¥Í, «KºÉ¶q§Ö¦aŪ»\­ÛªºµÛ§@, ¦Ó¥LªGµM¼g±o§ó§Ö. §Ú­Ì°_¥ý¤£¬Û«H¥L¯à¥¿½T¦a§Û¿ý¤U¨Ó, «á¨Ó§Ú­Ì®Õ¹ï¤F¤@¤U, µo²{¥L¼g±o§¹¥þ¥¿½T. §Ú°Ý¥L«ç¼Ë¯à³o¼Ë§Ö, ¥L»¡ :"¦b§Ú°ê¦³¤@ºØ®ÑªkºÙ¬°³t¼g, ³o«K¬O§A©Ò¬Ý¨£ªº. ·í§Ú­Ì»Ý­n«Ü§Ö¦a§Û¿ý®É, «K¥Î³oºØ¦rÅé, µM«á¦A§â¥¦§ï¦¨¥¿·¢." ¥i¬O¥L¤S»¡ :"¤@­Ó¯à¾Ç±o«Ü§ÖªºÁo©ú¤H, ¤]»Ý­n¤G¤Q¦~ªº®É¶¡¤~¯à´x´¤³oºØ®Ñªk."

»¡³o¬G¨Æ¤£¬O­nÁ¿®Ñªk, ¤£¬O­n½Í¯ó®Ñ, ¤]¬O¤£­nªí´­³o­Ó¤¤°ê¤HªººÍ´¼, ¦Ó¬O­nÁ¿¤¤,¦èÂå³N¤§¶¡¤@­Ó·L§®Ãö«Y. ³o¬G¨ÆÃÒ©ú¤F¦b¤½¤¸¤Q¥@¬ö®É, ¼vÅT¦è¤è©Mªi´µ¦Ü¹dªº§ÆÃ¾¤jÂå®a»\­Û, ¦Ü¤Ö¦³¤@­Ó¥LµÛ§@ªº¤¤¤åĶ¥», ÁÙ·¥¥i¯à³Q±a¦^¤¤°ê, ¤]µý©ú¤F¤¤Âå»P¨ä¥LÂå³N¨Ã«D¥þµL¥æ¬y±µÄ², ¦ý¤¤Âå¾Ç¬°¤°»ò·|§¹¥þ¤£¨ü»\­Û©M¦è¤èªº¼vÅT?

³Q¦è¤è¼vÅT¬°Âå¾Ç¤§¤÷ªº, ¬O¥j§ÆÃ¾¤H§Æªi§J©Ô©³ (HIPPOCRATES), ¥H¬h¾ð¥Ö©M¸­¨ÓÂíµh, «K¬O¥Lªº³B¤è¤§¤@, ¦¹¤è¨ä«áºtÅܬ°ªü¤h¤ÇÆF.

²Ä¤G¦ì¤jÂå®a«K¬Où°¨®É´Áªº»\­Û (130-200AD), ÁöµM¥L±q¨Ó¨S¦³¸Ñ­å¹L¤HÅé, ¦ý¥LªÖ©w¤F¸Ñ­å¾Ç©M¹êÅç¥Í²z¾Ç, ¤]³Ð»s¤F¤@¨Çªv¯fªº°t¤è.

²Ä¤T¦ì¤jÂå®a¬O 980-1037AD ªºªü©Ô§B¤HAVICENNA, ¥L©ÒµÛªº <<Âå¨å>>, ¦¬Ã¹ÃĪ«¦@¤K¦ÊºØ, ¥]¬A³n»I, ¿}¼ß, ¨Å¾¯, ¯ó¥»§N¶¼µ¥.

³o¤T¦ìÂå®a³þ©w¤F¦è¤è¥¿²ÎÂå³Nªº¦­´Á­±»ª, ¦Ó¥L­Ìªºª¾ÃÑ©M²z½×, ¥²©w¨ü¨ì§ó¥jªº¤å¤Æ¦p®J¤Î©Î¥j¦L«×­³ªû¤å¤Æ (Vedic Culture) ªº¼vÅT. ¨Ò¦p§Æªi§J©Ô©³©Ò»¡ªº "¤ô, ¤õ, ¤g, ®ð" ¥|¤j¤¸¯À¬°¸Uª«¤§·½, «K»P¤ñ¥L¦­¤d¦h¨â¤d¦~ªº¦L«×¸t¨å <<­³ªûÂå¾Ç>> (Ayurveda) ªº¨¥½×·¥¬°¬Û¹³. ¨ì¦ò±Ð®É¥N, ¦L«×¤H¤´©Ó¶Ç¤F­³ªûÂå¾Çªº¤@¨Çª¾ÃÑ, ¬G¥ç¦³ "¦a, ¤ô, ¤õ, ­·" ªºÁ¿ªk.

µL½×¦è¤è¤T¤jÂå¾Ç®aªº©Ó¶Ç±q¦ó¦Ó¨Ó, ¤]µL½×¥L­Ìªº­ì¤l½×»P¸Ñ­å¾Ç­I´º¤w´À·LÆ[ªº¯f·½¬ã¨sºA«×¤U¤F¥ñµ§, ¥L­ÌªºÂå½×³£¬O­õ¾Ç©Êªº, »P¤¤°êªº­õ¾Ç©ÊÂå½×¬Û³q, ¥»½è¤W¨S¦³¤À§O, ¥u¬O²Õ´ÄY±Kµ{«×¤W¦³°ª§C. ª½¨ì¤Q¤K¥@¬ö¼Ú¬w啓»X®É¥N, ¬ì¾Ç©ïÀY, ¦è¤èÂå¾Ç¤~Æp¤J¤F«D­õ¾Ç©Êªº¾÷±ñ¦¡·LÆ[¯f¬ã¨s¤§¤¤.

±q啓»X®É¥N¨ì¤W¥@¬öªì, ¦è¤èªºÂå¾Ç¨ì©³¬O¬Æ»ò¼Ò¼Ë? §Ú¥u¯à»¡ :"¤£­È¤@ ÅÎ." °£¤F¦b¸Ñ­å¾Ç¤W§ó¬°ºë¶i, §ó¤F¸Ñ¾÷±ñ¦¡¤HÅéµ²ºc, §ó²M·¡Å餺²Ó­M»P¤Æ¾Ç¤À¤l¦¡ªºÃþ§O, §ó¯àºë½T¦a«ü¥X¯f·½¬°¬Y²Óµß©Î¬Y¯f¬r¤§¥~, Ãö¥G¦p¦ó "Âå¦n¤@­Ó¤H" ªº¾Ç°Ý, ¯u¬O¤@¥ó¤]¼Æ¤£¥X¨Ó. ´«¨¥¤§, ¬ì¾Çªº¤èªk¦b¤T¦Ê¾l¦~¨Ó¨Ã¤£¯à²£¥Í¥ô¦óÂåÀø®ÄªG. ¥±¬¥¨Ì¼wªºÄY­«°¾ÀYµh, ¥Î¬Æ»ò¨ÓÂå? ¥Î¤@ªK±µ¤@ªKªº³·­X»P¥i¥d¦]. ³o¬OÂå¶Ü? ¦è¤èÂå³NÀ´±oºØ¤ûµk? À´±o¬Ì­], À´±o¥H¬r§ð¬r? ¦ýºØµk³N¬O¤¤°ê¤Hµo©úªº°Ú, ¶Ç¨ì¦è¤è¦Ó¤w. §Y¨Ï¤µ¤Ñ³h½aªºªü´I¦½, ¤H­Ì¨ÌµM¥H¤¤°ê¦¡ªººØµk¤èªk¨Ó¹w¨¾¤Ñªá, §Y¥H¤Ñªá¯f¤Hªº¤Ö³\¥Ö½§, ©ñ¶i¦Ûªº»ó¤Õ¾À¤W, ¨Ï¨­Åé¥Í²£§ÜÅé.

¦èÂå°ê»Ú¦a¦ì¤§³þ©w, ¯Â°ò©ó¥¦¨Ìªþ¦b¬ì¾Ç¤§¤U. ¬ì¾Ç¦bªñ¤T¦Ê¦~¥HªZ¾¹»P§Þ³Nªº§Î¦¡, ¥´¹M¤Ñ¤UµL¼Ä¤â. ¤H­Ì¦ÛµM³£±R«ô¬ì§Þ¤F, ³s±a¦èÂå¤]ÃUÅDÀsªù. ¦ý¤j®a¦n¦n¬d¤@¬d¾ú¥v, «Kª¾¨ì¦èÂå¾Ç•¨­±ªº¤º®e«Ü¬\°®. ¤@¶¤­^°ê¤ô§L, ¦]©}©ó²î¤W¼Æ¤ë, ¤â²]¤Ó¦h, ¶Ë¤FµÇ®ð »H¯Ö¸gµ²º¢¤£µÎ, ¤£¯à¹B¤Æ¤ôÀã, ¤ô¤D»E©ó¤UªÏ, ¨Ó¨ì­»´ä³£±o¤F¸}Å~, §Ë±o¥L­Ì¥s­W³s¤Ñ, ¨ÃºÙ¤§¬°Â夣¦nªº Hong Kong Foot. ¬°¤°»ò¤£¤W©¤¬Ý¤¤Âå©O? ¤ºªA¥H©TµÇ¶§, ¥~¼Å¦Ó°£Âεß, ²æ¥Ö­«¥Í, ¨â­Ó¤ë«Kªv¦n¤F. ¦Ê¾l¦~«eªº¦èÂå, À´³o¨Ç»ò? ¯àÂå»ò? ¤µ¤Ñ¤]¥¼¯à, ­nµo»}ªº¸Ü, ¨C­Ó·í¤µªº¦èÂå¦bµ¹¤F§A­»´ä¸}³B¤è«á³£·|¹ï§A»¡ :"§Ú¥i¥H¤H®æ«OÃÒ§A·|´_µo."

´N¬O¦]¬°µoı©¼¨¹¤@¥N¦WÂå, ³Æ¨ü´L±Rªº»\­Û, ¨äÂå²z©ñ¦b¤¤°êªº¨t²Î•¨, ­ì¨Ó¤@µL¥iÆ[¤§³B, ©Ò¥H¤W­z¨º¦ì¤¤°ê¤H, ¦^°ê«á¨Ã¨S¦³§â¨ú±oªºÂå¸g¶i¦æ¼s¥¬, §Y¨Ï¦³, ¤]¤@©w³Q·í®Éºë´ïªº¤¤Âå¹D统©Ò§_©w.

¤]³\§A¥H¬° Self-Negation ¬O¦è¤è¤~¬y¦æªº¬ü¼w, ¤£¬Oªº. ¤¤°ê¤å¤Æªº¦Û§Ú§_©w°µ±o§ó¹ý©³. «n¥_´ÂÄÁ¬±ªº³æÂI³zµø§ë®gª½´y·§©À, ³o¬OÀH«á¦è¬vµe§@¦b¤åÃÀ´_¿³´Áªº°ò¥»³zµøªk«h, ÄÁ¬±©wªkÁö¦­, «o¼Ä¤£¹L·í®É¤h¤HªºµL±¡§åµû, ¥Lªº§Þªk, ¤]´Nµ¹¶S¬°¤U³N¤F.

¦bÂå³N•¨¤]¦³¦P¼Ë±¡况: ¤¤°ê¦b«óÄN®É´N¶}©l°µ¸Ñ­å¤F, ¨ìªFº~¤ý²õ®É¥N (¤½¤¸9¦~) ¤w¼sªx±Ä¥Î¥~¬ì¤â³N, «ùÄò¨ì¤T°ê®É´Áªº±ß´Á, §Y240¦~«e«á, ³£¦³¤â³N, ¦ý¦¹«á´ó¨S, ¦Ü§º´Â¦A¿³, ¤w¤ñ¼Ú¬wªº Mondino De Luzzi ¦­¤F¤@¦Ê¦~, ¦ý¹L§º¥H«á, ¦AµLµo®i¤U¥h¤F. ¬°¤°»ò¤£µo®i¤U¥h? ¬O¦]¬°¥¢¶Ç¤F? ¤£. ¬O¦]¬°Âå®a¦b§ó­«­nªºÂå³Nµo®i¤W, ÃÒ©ú¤F¤â³N¤D儍¥Ê¤§¨Æ±¡, ª½¥Õ·ö¤§¦æ®|, ©Ò¥H´N§â¤â³N¼o°£, ´¬½ÑÂå¹D¤§¥~. ¥L­ÌºCºCµo²{, ³Ì­«­nªº¬O¤­Å¦¤»µÆ©M¤Ü¥|¸g¯ß, ¨âªÌ³s¦¨¤@Åé, ¨ä¶¡ªº¹B§@¤è¦¡·¥ºÉºë·L. ¦Ó¤â³N¶}¤M, µ¥¦p¤ÁÂ_¸g¯ß, ¤D¤d¸U¤£¯à°µ¤§¨Æ. »P¦¹¦P®É, ¤º¬ì©M°wª¥ªºµo®i¦¨¼ô, ¤w©¹­n°Ê¤â³Nªº¯f, ¥ÎÃÄ©M°w«K¥iªv¦n, ¶}¤MÅܦ¨§¹¥þ¤£¥²­n, ¬Æ¦Ü¬O­nÁ×§Kªº¨Æ.

¤H¨­¸gµ¸»PŦµÆªºÃö«Yµ·µ·¤J¦©, ¥u¤@®Ú»È°w, ´¡¶iß}¥Þ, ¨­Åé¤w²£¥Í¼MµM¥¨ÅÜ, ¦ó况¤@¤M¤ÁÂ_¸g¯ß? §ó¦ó况¨­Åé¦U­Ó¾¹©x, ¥ó¥ó³£¦³¥Î, «ç¥i¹³¤µ¤H¤Á±o¨º»òÀH«K? °²³]§Ú¬OÂå¥Í, §A±w¤F­»´ä¸}, §Ú¹ï§A»¡ :"¦¨! §Úµ¹§A§â¸}¤Á°£½}, ¸}¬O¥i¥H¤Áªº." §AÅ¥¤F·íµM·|ı±o§Úøu½u, ¦ý·í¤@­Ó¥¿µP¥~¬ìÂå¥Í¸ò§A»¡ :"§A¸g±`³ïÄV¸~µh, ¦¨! §Ú´N§â§Aªº«ó®ç¸¢¤Á°£½}, «ó®ç¸¢¬O¥i¥H¤Á°£ªº." ¨â¨ÒªºÅÞ¿è¥þµM¬Û¦P, ¦ý§A¤£¤¹§Ú¤Á§Aªº¸}, «oªYµM¥I´Úµ¹¨º¥~¬ìÂå¥Í, ¨Ä¨ÄÅý¥L¤Á¤F.

©Ò¥H, ¤¤°êÂå³N¤£¶È¬O¤wª¾¤HÃþ¤å¤Æ¤¤, ³QÃÒ©ú¬°³Ì¦­¨Ï¥Î³Â¾K¾¯¨Ó°Ê¤â³Nªº, ¥¦¤]¬O³Ì¥ý§_©w¤â³Nªº. ¨Ã«D¦p¤j®a¥H¬° :"¾¾, ¯u¥i±¤, ³Âªm´²©MµØªûªº¬¡¤H¸Ñ­å³N¤w¥¢¶Ç, ³Ì°I¤¤°ê¤HÃhÄ_¦Û¯µ°Õ, §_«h«K¤£·|¥¢¶Ç¤F." ¥¢¬Æ»ò¶Ç? ¬O¼o±óªº, ¬O¥µ¶i©U§£µ©ªº, ¥¿¦p¤«¥Ð¨î«×¤§³Q¼o±ó, ¤E«~¤¤¥¿¨î¤§³Q¼o±ó¤@¼Ë.

®Ú¥», ¤¤Âå³N¤ñ¦èÂå¥ý¶i´X¤d¦~, »P¤@¯ë¤H·Qªk¬Û¤Ï, ¤µ¤Ñªº¤¤Âå³N¤´µM¤ñ¦èÂå¥ý¶i´X¤d¦~, ³o¬O¨S¦³´X¦h¤H´±»¡ªº¨Æ¹ê, ¤£ª¾¨ìªº©TµM¨S±o»¡, ª¾¨ìªº¤]¤£´±»¡, ¦]¬°²{®É "±o¦ì" ªº¬O¦èÂå, ¤¤Âå©~µMºGÅÜ "³¥ª°ÁI". ¬F©²³£¬O¥H¦èÂ媺Æ[ÂI¨Ó¬Ý«Ý¤¤Â媺, ©Ò¥H¾ú¦~´N¦³¤H¸T¥Î¤@¨Ç¤¤ÃÄ, ²z¥Ñ¬O³o¨Ç¤¤ÃĦ³¬r. ¦pªG³oºØ·Qªk©M°µªkÄ~Äò¤U¥h, ¤¤Âå«K¤j¥ó¨Æ¹L¤å¤Æ¤j­²©R :¦èÂå§Ûŧ¤F§Ú­Ì¥H¬r§ð¬rªººØµkªk, µo®i¥X¬Ì­]ªº·§©À, ¦ý¥»¨Óªº¤¤Âå³N¦]¬°¦æ°I¹B, ©Ò¥H¤£·Ç¦A¥H¬r§ð¬r. ¨ä¹ê³\¦h®É, ¤¤Â媺³B¤è¦³¥Î¬rÃĪº, ¤]¤£¤@©w¬O¥H¬r§ð¬r, ¥ÎÃĦ³§g¦Ú¦õ¨Ï¥|Ãþ, ¤@°_µ¹¤H¶i­¹, ¥»¨Ó¦³·L¬rªºÃħ÷, ¥u­n¾¯¶q¹ï, ·|µ¹¥t¤@¨ÇÃĤƸѱ¼. ©Ò¿×¤Æ¸Ñ, ¤£¤@©w¬O A Ãν±µ¤Æ¸Ñ B ÃĤ§¬r, ¤]¥i¯à¬O A ÃÄ¥O¨­Åé²£¥Í Break Down B ÃĤ§¬rªº¯à¤O, ¨Ï¨äÅܦ¨µL¬r. ·í¤¤¤dÅܸU¤Æ, µ´«DÅã·LÃè©M²{¤µ¤Æ¾Ç©Ò¯à½aºÉ¨äºë·L. ¦³¨Ç±¡况¤U, ÏìÁ÷¤]¥i¥H¤JÃÄ, ¦ý­nÀ´ªºÂå®v¤~¥i, ¤£À´¦Ó¶Ã¥Î, «áªG·íµM¤j÷i, ¦ý§Ú¤£¬Û«H·|¦³¤¤ÂåÁx´±¤£À´¦Ó¥Î¤§.

¸Ü»¡¦^ÀY, ¦è¤èÂå³N, §Y¸g¾ú啓»X®É¥N, ¤@¼Ë¤£ª¾©Ò¿×, ²@µL«Ø¾ð, ®Ú¥»¤£¯àªv¯f, ÃĪ«ªº¬ã¨s¥u¶°¤¤©ó¬ú½wµh·¡¤§¤W, ©Ò¥H­¹´X¾¯¤îµhÃÄ, «K¥H¬°¯f¤wªv¦n¤F. ºCºC¦a, ¤îµh§Yªv¯f©~µMÅܦ¨¤F¥¿统Âå³Nªº Common Practice. ¥L­Ì¬Oµo²{¤F²Óµß¤F, ¦ý«ç¼Ë±þ¦º²Óµß¦n©O? ¥Îóf¤ô? ¥Î®ø¬r¾¯? ®ø¬r¾¯¥»¨­¤£¬O¬r¨ì»ò? ¦p¦¹ÁV¿|ªºÂå³N, §Ú¤w¤£©ú¥Õ®]¤¤¤s¬°¤°»ò·|¥h¾Ç, ¥i¯à¬O¦èÂå¤ñ¸û·s¼é, Âå¥Í³T¤ñ¸û¦³«¬, ²z½×¤ñ¸û²©ú, ®e©ö¾Ç, Âåªv¤HÅ馳¦p­×²z¨T¨®, ¤£­Y¤¤Âå­n¨D¿ëÃÒ½×ÃÒ¤§Ãø¤].¦³

¦è¤è¦æ¹B¤@±øÀs, ¨ä¹êÂå³N¤]´Nª°°²ªê«Â¦a¨ÌªþµÛ©Ò¿×¬ì¾Ç, ´ý´ý¾µ¾µªº¨Ó¨ì¤W¥@¬ö¤G¤Q¦~¥N. ¤@¤E¤G¤K¦~, ¹ê¬O¦è¤èÂå³Nµo¤j¹Fªº¤@¦~, ±¡ªp¦³¦p¼Éµo, ¦]¬°¤@¦ì¥s Alexander Fleming ªºÄ¬®æÄõ¤H, »~¥´ »~¼²ªºµo²{Åðµß¯à°÷§í¨î²Óµßªº¥Íªø, ¥L¦Û¤v¨Ã¨S¦³¦]¦Óµo®i¥X§ó­«­nªº "¬Û¥Í¬Û尅" ²z½×, «o¤Þ­P§O¤Hµo©ú¤F§Ü¥Í¯Àªº©l¯ª--½L¥§¦èªL.

¥Ñ©ó¯à°÷¶i¤J¤HÅé±þ¦º³QÂI¦Wªº²Óµß (·íµM¤]·|¿ù¤â±þ¦º¨ä¥L¦³¯qªº²Óµß©M¤HÅé²Ó­M), ¦Ó¤£·|§â¤HÅé©Ò¦³²Ó­M³£±þ¦º±¼, ©Ò¥H¦èÂå²×©ó¯à°÷ªv¯f¤F! ¦ý¦b¥þ²yÅT°_ªºÅw©IÁn, «o¤£¬O :"·PÁÂ¥D! ¦èÂå¬ì¾Ç¤Æ¾ú¼Æ¦Ê¦~¤§¤[, ÁöµM¹ê¦b¬O¤Ó¤[¤F¤@ÂI, ¤]²×©ó¯à°÷ªv¯f¤F!" ¦Ó¬O :"Âå¾Ç³ø±¶! ²Óµß¦ºµL¸®¥Í¤§¦a! ¬ì¾Ç°¶¤j! Âå¾Ç¯«©_!" ªº½T, ·í¦~ªº½L¥§¦èªL, ¦b¤G¦¸¤j¾ÔªºµL¼Æ¶Ë§L¤¤, ±Ï¬¡¤F³\¦h¤H©R, ¦³·¥¤jªº¥\³Ò, ¦ý§Ü¥Í¯Àµo®i¨ì¤µ¤Ñ, Âå¾Ç¬É¥»¨­¹ï¥¦­Ì¬Oµû»ù¬O«ç¼Ë? ³o³õ¦è¤èÂå³N¥´ªº¤j³Ó¥M, ­ì¨Ó¥u¬O¼È³Ó´X¤Q¦~, §Ü¥Í¯À¹ï¤HÅé°·±d¦³¦óÃa¼vÅT©h¥B¤£½Í, §ó­«­nªº¬O§Ü¥Í¯À²{¦b¤w¦b²Óµßªº°}«e¨ü°d¤F.

²Óµß¤w¬O³o»òÃøÄñ, ¦ó况¬O¥b¥Íª«¥b¦ºª«¤@¼Ëªº Viruses (¯f¬r)? §Y¨Ï¦b¤µ¤Ñ, ¯à¹ï¥I¯f¬rªºÃľ¯, ºØÃþ¤Ö±o¥i¼¦, ´N³s·P«_¯f¬r¤]µLªk¹ï¥I. ³o¬O¦èÂ媺ºG况¶Ü? ¤£¬O, ¬O§Ú­Ì¦n±m. ¦p¦èÂ妳¯à±þ·À¦UºØ·P«_¯f¬rªºÃĪ«, ¨äÀݥα¡况¤@©w·¥¤§ÄY­«, ¥@¤H¥u·|§óºG.

§Ü¥Í¯À³o¤HÃþ³Ì°¶¤jµo©ú, ¤µ¤Ñ¦p¦ó·d±o¤@¹ÎÁV, ¤w¤£¥²§Ú¨Ó²Ó¼Æ, ¤j®a¦Ñ¦­ª¾¨ì. ³o°¶¤jªºµo©ú, ®Ú¥»¦æ¤£³q. ¦b¶}¤F³\¦h¦æ¤£³qªº¹D¸ô¤§«á, ¦èÂå³N¤µ¤Ñ©~µM¦³Áx¥h¸I°ò¦]§Ç¦C¤F. ¯u¬O¥O¤H¤Ó®§ªº.

¤Ó®§±N¦ó¬°? °ê¤º¦Û±q¤å­²¤§«á, ·d¤¤Â媺¦h¥H¤¤¦è¦X¾À¦ÛàH, ¨ä¤£ª¾©Ò¿×¥O¤H¾v«ü, ¦ý¤j²³¤£©ú¨ä²z, «Ü®e©ö´N»{¬°³o¬O¨â¥þ¨ä¬ü, ³Ì¦n¤£¹L¤F, ÁÙ¥H¬°³o¼Ë, ¤¤Âå´N¦³±Ï¤F. ­»´ä·Q¾Ç¤¤Â媺¦~»´¤H, ­n¥²­×¤Æ¾Ç©M¥Íª«¾Ç, ¤]¬O¤¤¦è¦X¾À¿Ëªº¹ê½î, ©w¥ß³o¨Ç±ø¥óªº¤H, ¥»¨­¤@©w¤£·|¬O­ÓÂ夤¤§°ª¤â. ¦pªG¥L§â¤¤°ê²i¶¹, ­·¤ô(¥ç§Y«Ø¿v¾Ç), ¤l¥­ºâ©R, ¬Û¾Ç, ¤Ó·¥®±©M¥´³Â±N¤]¦C¬°¥²­×½Òµ{, ËݧڴN¸ÜÊ\¦n嘢, ¦]¬°³o¤~¬O³Ì¥¿统ªº Syllabus, ¦Ó¥B¾Ç­û¾Ç²ßªº¿³½ì¤@©w¤j¼W, °Ñ³z¤¤ÂåÂå¹Dªº¾÷·|¤]¤j¼W, ¦¨¬°©úÂ媺¥i¯à¤]¤j¼W (½Ðª`·N, ¬O©úÂå, ¤£¬O¦WÂå).

¤¤Âå³N¤£¬O«ü«n°w, ¤£¬O¦L¨ê¾÷, ¤]¤£¬O¤õÃÄ, §ó¤£¬O¤@±i¥Õ¯È, ¥¦¤ñ³o¨Ç¹êª«²`奥±o¦h¤F, ®Ú¥»¨S¥i¯à¶Ç±o¨ìªü©Ô§B, §ó¨S¥i¯àÁÓÂà¶Ç±o¨ì¦è¤è, ¯à¶Çªº¥u¥i¯à¬O«Ü²³æªº¤èªk, ¨Ò¦pºØµkªk, ¦Ó¥þ¥@¬É¦]¦ÓÀò¯q, ¦¹ÂIµL¥i¸mºÃ. ¦è¤è©Ò¿×¤¤°ê¥|¤jµo©ú, ­±¹ï¤¤Âå³N, ¶È¦p¤pµ£ª±·N. ·Q¤£¨ì³o¥|¥óªF¦è, ¦¨¬°¤F¦è¤è§@Ä^ªº®Ú°ò©M¤u¨ã, ¦b¤¤°ê¹B¼Æ³Ì§Cªº®É­Ô, ¤Ï¹L¨Ó½î½ñ¤¤°ê. ¨C·Q¦Ü¦¹, ¥u¦³·P´n¦]ªG¤§¥È.

°Ú... «Ü±ß¤F, ¤]«Ü²Ö¤F, ¤U´Á¦A½Í¦n¤£¦n?

¡@