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Robinson, Jenny (1998), Spaces of Democracy: Remapping the Apartheid City in Environment and Planning D: Society and Space, Vol. 16. Pp533-548.
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Review(5/4/1999)
Robinson, Jenny (1998), Spaces of Democracy: Remapping the Apartheid City in Environment and Planning D: Society and Space, Vol. 16. Pp533-548.
In this article Robinson argues that how the political identity and spatial arrangement contests in the transitional phase of the emergence of democracy in South Africa. A new local government was combined with actors from the former apartheid government structures, the oppositional African National Congress (ANC) and the civic movement (South African National Civic Organization, SANCO). A Local Government Negotiating Forum (LGNF) was held to set the Local Government Transitional Act to legislate the transitional form of local government. The one city policy central to the civil movement imagined a functional basis and integrated all that lived and worked within broader metropolitan areas, and requested the local government to be organized on a nonracial, democratic, nonsexist and financially sound basis.
However, in the democratic process at the local level the compromises agreed upon the previous apartheid structure of the cities created councils with white representation disproportionately high. Thus white privilege and spatial separateness still maintained in embedded racialised political identities in the interim local government structures. Robinson argues that the most important feature of left politics of South Africa is to deny the political validity of ethnic identity. But it is difficult to overcome the inherited spatial differences of apartheid which have been transformed into racially organized voting patterns distributed across new substructures and wards. As a result, the demarcation process was the process about the creation of political scale: wards, substructures, metropolitan structures and their relations to regional-level government. Robinson concludes that the remapping of the apartheid city is a dynamic and contestable process because the board of the transitional legislation integrates previously fragmented urban areas into new urban government structures.
Robinson also leaves some questions
about how to maintain a nonracial city while simultaneously accepting
the ineradicably political character of ethnic and cultural forms of identification.
This article is not very clear stated and well organized, but it still
provides a perspective to analysis of how an internal colonial city transforms
its urban pattern through democratic process. But I am interested in how
the previous social category, like black and white people, influences their
different political position, like liberal or left wing? How the ethnic
politics contradicts with these different political visions of liberal
or left wing? How this dynamic process influences the results of election,
urban policy and spatial rearrangement?
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