Two minds of the brain:The corpus collosum inside brain with about 200 million axons connect the right and left hemispheres of the brain. In 1940s, a neurosurgeon, first successfully separated the two halves of the brain. In 1970 separated the brains of epileptic patient and studied their connections. From these experiments scientists have discovered 'two separate functioning minds in one brain'. Experiments on the split-brain analysis have given interesting results. When the left-brain of one Mr. Paul was asked, 'what job for Paul?' the answer was, 'Ah, to be a draftsman'. When the right brain was asked the same question, its answer possessed 'qualities of a conscious state- a sense of self, personal feelings, evaluations, future orientations and goals which shows that the right side of the brain possess conscious properties independent of the left'. Mind is bicameral, says modern science. The right brain has more holistic knowledge and deeper vision than the left side that only calculates and rationalizes on the immediate reality.
In 1920 Neurophysiologist discovered that in spite of partial damage to the brain, a man could perform all the functions controlled by the brain's missing parts. Some sense organs might have been disrupted but memory of specific events was not disturbed. Neurologist interpreted findings by saying that the structures responsible for memory are not located in any single part of the brain, but are distributed in much the same way that the images of a hologram are enfolded in all its parts. 'Brain is a hologram, concluded.
The great Canadian neuro-surgeon admitted that after 20 years of his experiments that consciousness and mind are not in central cortex. He wrote about the patient's reactions during brain-surgery: 'The patient's mind, which is considering the situation in such an aloof and critical manner, can only be something quite apart from neuronal reflex action. And yet the mind seems to act independently of the brain in the same sense that a programmer acts independently of his computer, however much he may depend upon the action of that computer for certain purposes. Consciousness creates the world outside.
	Nobel-scientist R.W. Sperry, who has conducted extensive experiments on split-brain subjects, rejects reductionist explanation of mental phenomena, which says all mental phenomena can be ultimately reduced to physical and chemical reactions. He argues instead for the existence of something like downward causation. It is technically known as 'emergent interactionism' of consciousness on matter. Speaking about cerebral function, Sperry says, 'these dynamics and associated properties that causally determine their interactions. These top-level systems' properties supersede those of the various subsystems they embody.
		Sperry explicitly states that 'mental forces or properties exert a regulative control influence in brain physiology. How does the 'mental force' exert a downward causality on physical brain matter? Sperry explains, 'Once generated from neural events, the higher order mental patterns and programs have their own subjective qualities and progress, operate and interact by their own causal laws and principles which are different from, and cannot be reduced to those of neurophysiology ... The mental forces do not violate, disturb, or intervene in neuronal activities but they do supervene... Multilevel and interlevel causation is emphasized in addition to the one-level sequential causation traditionally dealt with. Sperry talks of lower-level entities becoming 'caught up ' in the holist pattern of the conscious- ness, just as a water-droplet is caught up in a whirlpool and constrained to contribute cooperatively to the overall organized activity.
Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle with its famous equation Q*P>=h tells us that when the velocity of electron if infinite its position becomes zero, and when the velocity becomes zero, the electron's position becomes infinite. With the discovery of electromagnetism, there arose the possibility of electromagnetic waves that travel in empty space; it was first demonstrated by Jagdish chandra bose. But if there is a wave in empty space, what is 'waving'?  Those who wanted 'something' to wave could detect no material property like mass, velocity, viscosity or heat conductivity. Even the celebrated Michelson-Morley experiment on the speed of light gave no measurable effect. So the ether is a super fluid, does not drag the light and no dynamical effect could be detected. Hence it is simplest to say, 'either' is really empty space endowed with the ability to carry electric and magnetic fields.
Experimentally determined electromagnetic properties at mammalian brain tissue, indicate the physical necessity for the existence of electromagnetic standing waves called modes in the living mammalian brain. The made characteristics may be determined by two geometric properties at the brain: these are the cephalic index at the brain (its shape in prolate spheroidal coordinates) and the semi focal distance of the brain (a measure of its size). It was concluded that estimation of brain cephalic index and semi focal distance using external skull measurements on subjects permits estimation of the subject?s characteristic mode frequencies, which in turn will permit a mode-by-mode treatment at the data to simulate hearing.