Why I'm an Atheist
I would like to state, right off the bat, that the purpose
of this page is not to proselytize. I am a realist; I recognize that
if you are religious, you will in all likelyhood still be as religious
after reading this. And if you're already atheist, then this is what
they call, "Preaching to the choir," though you may well find it an interesting
read nonetheless. Most people are quite set in their personal beliefs,
regardless of how open-minded they may consider themselves, and that's
fine by me. The purpose of this paper is not to provide you with
the atheists' take on Answers to All of Life's Questions. Rather,
it is as the title suggests: Why I have chosen to reject religious
faith in favor of reason, skeptical inquiry, and the scientific method
of knowledge.
I sometimes wonder if I've ever believed in a god.
My parents didn't take me to church too often, though I do remember attending
Sunday school. But even when I was just a kid in my single digits,
I would wonder, "Why do I need to go to church? If God knows what's
in our hearts and minds, why do we have to go to a special building and
sing praises out loud to Him?" Later, I entertained myself with the
popular paradoxes such as, "Can God make a stone so heavy that even He
can't lift it?" In my teen years I came to the conclusion that I
was an agnostic; I was no longer sure there was a god. In retrospect
I think I was an atheist even then. I called myself an agnostic because
I was not ready to admit to anyone, even myself, that I was a nonbeliever.
The culture of religion made me uncomfortable, but more than that, theology
raised questions, questions which would not and could not be answered.
The more I looked at it the less sense it made. Before you classify
me as simply a "wayward soul," I ask that you please hear me out.
I will present some of those questions here, as well as what it means to
be an atheist, and why I became an atheist. I'll begin with that
last one, but first I would like you to know a couple of the reasons why
I'm not an atheist, or more precisely, reasons that had nothing
to do with my becoming an atheist.
I seldom attended church past childhood.
Lack of continuing church attendance did not make me "go astray" to atheism.
If anything, it postponed my acceptance of atheism. Had I continued
to attend church through my teen years, I think not only would I have become
an atheist at an earlier age, I probably would have become vehemently anti-religion
as well. Instead I am firm in my atheism, yet I tolerate and accept
religion in our society. (At least to the degree that religion tolerates
and accepts me.) Some people need religion. I'm not one of
them.
Was I "converted" to atheism? The only one
who converted me to atheism was me. I certainly was not raised an
atheist, nor was atheism taught to me in school, nor was I converted by
an atheism web site or book. However I did have a few teachers who,
while not atheists themselves, taught us to question dogma and to think
for ourselves. The teacher who recommended me for the gifted program
in grade school; the gifted program teacher; the high school humanities
teacher who would pose philosophical questions that would force us to think
and reevaluate our world and beliefs; the chemistry teacher who made learning
science fun; and others who in their own way taught us not by molding
our minds, but by exercising them.
What does it mean to be an atheist? The bottom half
of this web page used to be a compilation of atheist-related
quotes. The collection has since swelled to such a size that
I decided to give it its own separate page.
What's the difference between an atheist and an agnostic? Here are
three main definitions:
-
agnostic: One who holds that the existence of anything beyond
and behind material phenomena is unknown and (so far as can be judged)
unknowable, and especially that a First Cause and an unseen world are subjects
of which we know nothing. [From Oxford English Dictionary]
-
weak atheist: Those who do not believe in or credit the existence
of one or more gods.
-
strong atheist: Those who assert the contrary position, that
a god does not exist.
There are some related definitions, like freethinker, materialist, secular
humanist and incognitivist, but I will not go into those here
as they are tangential. So in short, the agnostic is not sure if
there is a god, the weak atheist has no reason to believe in a god, and
the strong atheist says there is definitely no god. I would fall
in between a weak and strong atheist.
It is not really fair to call agnostics undecided between
theism and atheism. It is more accurate to say that they are reserving
judgment because such theological matters are unknowable. In general
though they do not rule out the possibility of the existence of
gods or supernatural phenomena completely. A weak atheist, by comparison,
would require strong, testable, explainable, and repeatable evidence before
conceding a possibility, and assumes that in light of the current
evidence (or lack thereof), there are no gods. A strong atheist holds
that in all likelihood, no such evidence can or ever will be produced.
Next I'll present a short list of questions and misperceptions
that many theists hold about atheists, and my answers to them.
(Please keep in mind that atheists are such a diverse bunch that not all
of my answers are shared by all atheists, in particular the political answers.)
If you're an atheist you must not have any morals.
Absolutely not true. It is absurd to think that
one can only learn good morality from the church. Indeed, the bible
has been used to justify the Crusades, the Spanish Inquisition, the Holocaust
and other genocides, slavery, homophobia, child sacrifice, denial of equal
rights to women, etc. Why are atheists good? Because it's the
right thing to do. Atheists do not need the bribery of heaven or the
threat of hell to do good. Although atheists make up around 8-10% of
the American population, they are only 1% of the prison population.
Where do atheists get their morals from? Like many others, from our
parents, society, and through an innate sense of right and wrong. For
more on this, feel free to read my article, Why I'm a Moral Relativist.
Do you worship the devil?
No more than your average Christian worships Zeus.
Atheists do not believe in the existence of Satan or devils any more than
we do gods, so why should we worship them? The Religious Right is
fond of equating atheists with devil worshippers, but we're two entirely
different things. This could stem from the anti-Christianity streak
seen in both, but more often it's just a form of religious opportunism.
Are you a communist?
Many (most?) communists are atheists by virtue of having
been raised in a strictly anti-religious environment. But the reverse
is certainly not true! Most atheists in America and other western
nations are far removed from communism, and often see parallels between
communism and the institution of the church. Atheists despise having
others' morals forced upon them, whether by governments or churches.
Atheism is having the ability to think freely and draw your own conclusions.
Both the church and communism are about thinking in ways that "higher-up"
authority figures want you to think.
Are you a new-ager?
Nope. Actually a lot of new-agers are theists, just
not Christians. Paganism and Wiccanism are some of the more popular
alternative religions practiced by new-agers.
Are you a liberal?
There is a common stereotype in America equating conservatism
with piousness and liberalism with, well, "that other stuff." I actually
consider myself a libertarian, i.e. socially
liberal but economically conservative. A good number of other atheists
I've spoken with also call themselves libertarians (and vice versa).
Libertarianism, like atheism, is opposed to anyone or any institution (especially
govt.) forcing their set of beliefs down anyone else's throat. Live
and let live.
If you don't believe in an afterlife, and there's nothing to strive
for in the hereafter, why don't you just off yourself now?
This question was once asked to me by one of my friends
during one of our late-night philosophy discussions. (Hi Mike!)
I returned the question with, "If you think you're going to heaven, why
don't you off yourself now?" The truth is that most atheists
hold life to be at least as precious as theists do. That's
because we know that the life we're living now is all there is, so we need
to make the most of it. There's no reincarnation, no afterlife to
look forward to. Depressing? No. If anything, it's all
the more reason to live the best life you can.
Were you converted to atheism? Who did it?
As I said above, I was not "converted" to atheism by anyone
but myself. I came to it through years of education and self-contemplation.
Also, being converted implies that I previously held differing views.
My views with regard to religion have changed, and I've continued to refine
them over the years, but there was never a "Eureka!" phase change in my
beliefs. Many other Americans also came into atheism on their own.
There is no atheist evangelical movement, no atheist "agenda," no Evil Atheist Conspiracies.
Do you believe in Jesus Christ?
This is a common yet very loaded question. Theists
often say "believe in" when they mean "have faith in." They equate
believing in the existence of Jesus with accepting him as your savior,
having faith in him, adhering to his teachings, and all that other emotional
baggage. (And don't get me started on how selective theists can be
in following Jesus' teachings!) I do not accept Jesus, Buddha, the
Pope, or anyone else but me as my "savior." Do I believe there was
ever a historical figure named Jesus Christ? To that specific question
I am agnostic. Do I believe Jesus performed supernatural "miracles"
like healing by touch? Not a one.
Atheists are un-American; our Founding Fathers
wanted this to be a Christian country!
Bzzzt. For one thing, most of the settlers of this
country were fleeing religious persecution and theocratic governments,
not looking to set one up. Nowhere in the Constitution or Bill of
Rights is Christianity given any special status. In fact, our First
Amendment explicitly states that this is not to be a Christian nation.
(Separation of church & state, remember that?) Furthermore, many
of our founding fathers (James Madison, Thomas Jefferson, John Adams, Abe
Lincoln, and especially Thomas Paine; see my quotes
page and this
other page) are on record as being opposed to the mingling of govt. and
church affairs. They realize the horrible potential, supported by
history, of persecution, and that govt. endorsement of religion only dilutes
and further corrupts it. As for the appearance of God on our currency
("In God We Trust") and in the Pledge of Allegiance (One nation, under
God...), both were inserted rather recently in our history, during the
McCarthyist 1950's when politicians felt compelled to prove they weren't
Godless Commies.
It's better to believe than not to, even if there is no evidence
of a God. Ever hear of Pascal's wager?
Blaise Pascal (see quotes page again), an otherwise bright
fellow for his time a few centuries ago, set up this table to counter arguments
that there is no evidence for god and therefore no reason to believe.
Pascal's Wager
| If: |
And:
|
There is a God. |
There is no God. |
| You believe in God. |
You go to heaven. |
Nothing lost. |
| You don't believe in God. |
You go to hell. |
Nothing gained. |
As others have pointed out, there
are fallacies with Pascal's wager. First, it presumes that there is a
god, a Christian God, who is spiteful and egotistical enough to demand belief
under threat of eternal damnation even though He provides no evidence of His
existence nor reason for demanding belief. Also, the wager presumes
that there is no cost to believing. But there is--not just in the
tithes you pay to the church, but in the lifestyle it demands of you, the
teachings you must learn, the time you must spend in church, and the loss of
some of your freedom of thought and action.
There are a good many problems I have with religion that
prevent me from adopting one. I would like to state again that I
am not explicitly anti-Christian; I recognize that Christianity does teach
some good morals, and it's good that so many Christians are as charitable
as they are. But since Christianity is the dominant religion in the
U.S., some of my reasons may well appear targeted at Christians.
But none of them should be construed as personal attacks.
First, religion is a belief system. God does not show
Himself to everyone. There is no scientific evidence for the existence
of a god or gods. Belief in religion requires faith. I
do not have "faith" that the sun will rise tomorrow; I know it will,
based on sound and proven principles of physics. By its very nature,
faith is a belief in the unprovable. I can not have faith in something
for which there is no evidence. That is one of the key differences
between theists and atheists.
Why not "just have faith?" ("Trust in JEEZUS," as
some might say.) Well, in addition to the various costs and restrictions
associated with doing so, there's also Occam's razor. Occam's razor
states that given two equally satisfactory and accurate explanations, the
simpler one wins. For instance, why does a feather fall more slowly
than a metal pellet, even if they both weigh the same?
-
Explanation one: The feather encounters increased air resistance
because of its additional surface area.
-
Explanation two: when the feather was plucked from the bird a part
of the bird's spirit went with it, and when the feather is dropped the
spirit is trying to fly, thus keeping the feather aloft for a longer time.
Now anyone with a modern education would pick the first explanation easily.
It is simple, consistent, and can be applied to other objects and situations.
Explanation two requires you to explain what a bird spirit is (along with
its properties), prove that there are bird spirits, and fails when
you substitute a sheet of paper for the feather. It is not consistent
and opens up more unanswerable questions. Religion and deities are
the same way. Science has done a pretty darn good job of explaining
the world around us in a rational and consistent matter without relying
on unprovables.
Another obvious reason not to "just have faith:"
How do you know that your faith is in the right deity? Is the Bible
all the evidence you need of a Christian God? Then what about the
other holy books of other religions? I shudder to use a quote from
this man, but as Homer Simpson once said, "How do you know you're worshipping
the right god? You could just be making him madder and madder!"
Let's face it, most peoples' religious convictions are a result of the
time and place of their birth. If you're a Christian do you still
think you'd be one if you were born in mostly-Hindu India? Or born
anywhere 3,000 years ago before Christianity even existed? Every
religion is convinced that it's the "right" one, but none can prove it.
It's a matter of faith, and yes, circumstance.
Dishing up the Evidence: Miracles and Creationism |
|
Religious scholars sometimes attempt to conjure up "proof"
of god's existence. The two biggest pieces of "evidence" of god's
existence are miracles and creationism. The Vatican has a department
for investigating miracles, and a number of Baptist colleges offer studies
in creationism. Miracles, however, can be explained away with a variety
of reasons. Many miracles are unquestioned hearsay. They are
all invariably irreproducible. Many more are not miracles at all
but plain old science or human perseverance. Someone's cancer going
into remission is not a miracle. It's a biological process,
often aided by modern medicine, and it happens all the time. A weeping
statue is not a miracle either. Sometimes it's a natural buildup
of condensation, usually it's the work of human intervention (i.e. a hoax)
for the purpose of attracting followers and, of course, their money.
Some "miracles" are just probabilities at work.
For example let's say a woman prays to god asking for help in winning the
lottery. Some numbers pop into her head and lo and behold, the next
day she wins! Disregarding the question of why god would assist someone
in winning a gamble (or a sports event, or a war...) you can look at this
from a purely statistical point of view. First of all, for every
person that prays for--and receives--all the winning numbers, there's got
to be hundreds more who prayed and got a few of the numbers, and thousands
who prayed and got none or maybe one correct number. Consider what
percentage of the population prays, and what percentage plays the lottery.
Even if just 1% of the population who prays and plays the lotto were to
include in their prayers a request for assistance in winning the lotto,
and given the number of people who win lotteries every day, it's almost
a miracle you don't hear much more often about people winning "with God's
help."
Then there's creationism. I know of no other subject
(aside from the necessity of pork in the federal budget) where people have
spent so much time and effort trying to prove the unprovable. The
idea of evolution, and the conclusion that humans evolved from lower, stupider
apes is so offensive to some that they are willing to go to great strides
to dismiss it as "just a theory," and to have their biblical substitute
taught instead. Of course there are a few large, gaping holes in
creationism. First, how do the creationists explain the fossil record?
Did god make a mistake with the dinosaurs, or does he just enjoy carving
mythical creatures in stone? Second, if Earth is only 6,000-something
years old, how are we seeing light from stars billions of light-years away?
Did god decide to slow down the speed of light once humans came on the
scene? And what about evolution? Is it really "just a theory"
(implying it's unproven)? No, it's more than that. Evolution
is reproducible in the lab and observable in the field. It is at
the base of nearly all of biology. Humans have been doing their own
evolution projects for centuries--it's called farming. Every time
you breed a more productive cow, a faster horse or a more durable crop
plant, that's evolution. (Genetics, really, but evolution is just
nature's slower version of genetics.)
Creationism is not an "alternative theory" to evolution,
it is flat-out pseudoscience. There is no debate in the scientific
community; evolution is the accepted standard. All the "evidence"
I've seen of creationism consists of circular logic, faulty reasoning,
misinformation, bad science, and "facts" which you will not find anywhere
outside of creationist studies. (No doubt suppressed by the Evolutionist
Mafia.) Creationists begin with a proposition, that a God created
the universe and/or life, then seek and invent proof to justify it.
This is the opposite of the scientific process, which uses observation
and experimentation to build theories, rather than the other way around.
As an atheist I do not simply dismiss the notion of a god;
I dismiss the notion of anything supernatural. This includes faith
healing, auras, ESP, angels, ghosts, telekinesis, souls, spirits, curses,
superstitions, and fiscally-responsible Democrats. (OK, I made that
last one up. :-) Supernatural phenomena, including gods, are constructs
of the human imagination and perpetuated by hopes, ignorance, societal
traditions & peer pressure, and a need to believe in something greater
than yourself. Religion is used to preserve the power structure of
authorities. It is used to explain that which science has not yet
explained. It gives comfort during times of grief.
Unfortunately, people can be stubborn and will continue
to cling to beliefs even in the face of contradictory evidence. This
has caused numerous unfortunate confrontations between science and religion.
Science has the upper hand in logic and rationale, but religion has typically
had the upper hand in power. Thus you get Galileo being forced to
renounce his own discoveries, teachers being prosecuted for teaching evolution
(remember Clarence Darrow?), and countless unrecorded instances of scientists
and scholars being silenced, persecuted and even killed when their theories
or discoveries clash with official dogma.
Religion not only curtails intellectual freedom but general
freedoms as well. Christians can point to groups like fundamentalist
Muslims (e.g. the Taliban) who severely and ruthlessly punish people for
silly things like trimming your beard (men) or not covering yourself completely
(women). But no religion is immune from extremism, the desire to
prove to your god that you are the most loyal. Christianity
has only risen above such behavior in recent history. Even today,
how would a Christian feel about questioning the authority of his pastor
or priest? A number of religions prohibit you from eating certain
foods, some on certain days, some always. Most religions discriminate
against homosexuals--which is ironic considering how many allow bigamy.
Nearly all religions ask that you give some of your time to worshipping
in special buildings (temples, churches, mosques, etc.), time which especially
in harder times would be better spent resting or tending to crops or other
necessary work.
And religions are partisan and divisive. How many
wars in history were religious? The Muslims even have a word for
it: jihad, or Holy War. Christians hate Muslims, Hindus
hate Buddhists, Muslims hate Hindus, and it seems every religion hates
Jews. You don't even need to be a different religion! Just
look at the conflicts between Protestants and Catholics in Ireland.
Meat & Potatoes: How Can a God Exist? |
|
Then there's all the logical problems with the concept of
gods. If a god is omnipotent (all-powerful) and omnipresent (existing
everywhere), why have we seen no indication of him actually doing something?
Gravity is omnipotent (e.g. black holes) and omnipresent, and we have no
problem detecting it. Why does god want to hide from us, even though
he supposedly knows everything we're thinking?
I'm still waiting for an answer to the question, "Can
God make a stone so heavy that even He can't lift it?" The only answers
I've seen at all just skirt the issue by claiming that such matters are
not for our consideration, or are irrelevant because god would not want
to do such a thing anyway.
Is god omniscient? Can god see through the Heisenberg
uncertainty that exists at the quantum level? The Heisenberg uncertainty
principle, in its simplest form, states that you can only know the position
and momentum of a particle (atom, electron, photon, etc.) to a certain
degree of accuracy. The more accurately you know one, the less accurately
you know the other. This is the wavelike nature found at the quantum
level. It is not a limitation of technology; we are not merely
too primitive to know. But can god know both the absolute position
and the absolute momentum of a particle at the same time? If he can't,
then he isn't really omniscient. If he can, then quantum mechanics,
which has passed every test available with flying colors, is 180° wrong.
What's more, it would mean that we live in a deterministic (predictable)
universe, thus free will is an illusion and we are not really responsible
for our actions. In that case god has no business sending
anyone to hell.
Is god omnipresent? Well, there's this little thing
called the Pauli exclusion principle which states that no two particles
can occupy the same space at the same time. They don't even need
to be the same kind of particle. If god is in the same place as a
particle at the same time, he can not interact with the particle in any
way--in essence, he would have to be outside the universe. And such
a god would then have no influence whatsoever over the universe, and thus
also would not be omnipotent.
Is god (Christian God, Muslim Allah, whatever) the embodiment
of peace, love, forgiveness, and mercy? If so then why the outbursts
of wrath? Destroying whole cities, sending plagues, sending souls
to hell for eternity, and smiting his enemies doesn't sound very good to
me. Sounds more like what Satan would do. In fact, here's a
little theory of mine, which will no doubt get me branded a devil-worshipper:
God is really Satan and vice versa. Think about it. "God" is
egomaniacal and requires you to worship Him under threat of eternal damnation.
Good or evil? "God" says "Take no other gods before me" under threat
of eternal damnation. If He is really so great then there should
be no harm in allowing people to try out other religions, right?
"God" claims to be all-powerful, yet regularly lets His followers down
in battles and in their prayers, and doesn't visibly intervene in world
affairs. Heaven, when you really look at it, is an authoritarian
place where for all eternity you forgo "sinful" activities like sex, drinking,
and rock music, and instead do nothing but sing praises to Him. Hell
is where you get sent for having fun. Remember, Satan was cast out
of Heaven for questioning God's authority. After that, all the bad
things you hear about Hell come from...you guessed it, God.
More Unanswered Questions |
|
Here are some more questions, pertaining mainly to the Christian
version of god, and many from Atheists.org's Coming
Out of the Other Closet page.
-
If God is all-powerful, why did he take 6 days to create the universe,
resting on the 7th? Why didn't he just snap his proverbial fingers
and create everything all at once, and not need rest afterwards?
Doesn't sound so all-powerful to me.
-
If God knows the future, why does he make mistakes? He should have
known he would regret the flood, and that Sodom and Gomorra would be full
of sinners, etc.
-
Why does God need to be "served", and why can't we do it from heaven?
-
Yes, we have free will, but God already knows who will sin, who will accept
Him, etc., for all eternity (since he has perfect knowledge of the future).
Why then, are we here? Why not just send our souls to Heaven or Hell,
depending on what he knows we'll do?
-
Why does God care if he is praised? He is this all-knowing, super
being, why does he care if we mere humans give him credit for creating
the universe?
-
How can you justify the fact that this merciful, loving god is sending
all non-<insert your religion here>'s to Hell, no matter how good they
are? Even those from before Christ was born went to hell. However,
terrible people, including Hitler and Jeffrey Dahmer, could go to Heaven
if they accepted God before death.
-
Why does this wonderful, forgiving God hold Adam's sin over all our heads?
Why must we all pay for this by being permanent sinners? If God was
so pissed, why didn't he just kill Adam and Eve and start over? Again,
this is God's choice, so they're going to have to explain why God chooses
to hold this incredible grudge.
-
Where did God come from? How did he get created? Why is it
a valid argument to say that He "always existed", but an invalid argument
to say the same thing about matter and energy? (Time did not exist
before the big bang.)
-
Only 10-15% of the world is presently Christian. Does that mean 85-90%
of the world is going to hell, along with 100% of those who had the misfortune
of being born before Christ's time?
-
How can all the bible contradictions be explained away? If the bible
is literal truth then it is barbaric nonsense. If it is "figurative"
or if there were errors in transcription or translation then it is inaccurate
and can not be trusted.
At its core, religion was invented to explain the unexplainable.
Primitive peoples explained fire, wind, etc. with spirits. Afterlives
were offered as a comfort against death, and later as a reward/punishment
system. Knowledge has always been power, and those who "knew" the
most about the gods were elevated to positions of power because of the
belief that they were somehow closer to the gods. The blending of
religion and politics was inevitable as leaders realized that religion
could be used to keep people in line and to justify otherwise questionable
deeds (like wars). Atheists see this and recognize religion for what
it is: mythos given the power of authority through peer pressure,
exclusivity, and tradition. In his fiction novel "Contact," Carl
Sagan refers to the bible as "half barbarian history, half fairy tales."
Christians may be incensed by such insensitivity toward their holy book,
but should ask themselves how much sensitivity they have for other religions'
holy books. Indeed, they should read of the gross insensitivity (to
put it mildly) contained in their own cherished bible.
I hope that after reading all this you don't think I hate
Christians. I don't. In fact, some of my best friends are Christians.
:-) I've often thought I'd make a good politician, in part because
I know I could treat all religious beliefs equally. I'm not beholden
to Jerry Falwell, the Pope, or any other religious special interest.
I would not seek to have your children worship my god in their schools.
I do have a disregard for fundamentalists, evangelicals, and other intolerant
nutcases. I'll bow my head if someone says a mealtime prayer.
I have no qualms about attending religious weddings and wakes in churches.
But I will not and can not accept Christianity or any other religion as
a part of my beliefs.
A Sampling of Atheist Web Sites
Here are a few atheist web sites, on the off-chance that I've stoked your
curiosity:
Please visit my mondo-big Page of Atheist Quotes!
This collection provides some very interesting food for thought for theists
and atheists alike.
Here's a couple big sites: The
Infidels and
Atheists.org.
For famous atheists check out No-God.org.
It has both historical and contemporary atheists. More atheist celebs
and their takes on religion can be found here
and especially here.
Bible contradictions: Atheists.org
has a good page on some of them. Or, go to the Infidels
search engine and enter the search word "contradiction" for a longer
list. Yet more divine contradictions can be found here.
Here is a philosophical discussion on the problems
with immortality and the afterlife.
Take a look at "recreational
xtianity". Dangerous stuff. ;-)
Links to miscellaneous yet relevant
atheist text files.
For all you cynical and/or militant atheists out there, here's an anti-Christian
pamphlet to hand back to those evangelists who come a' knockin'.
Some people go around "witnessing" god's glory. Maybe they should
witness some
ex-Christian
testimonials.
A good humanist organization, the Freedom
From Religion Foundation.
Here's a page debunking
creationist assertions of a "young Earth".
The Church of Freethought,
a north Texas group with lots of good resources.
Atheist persecution? What
atheist persecution?
Finally, if you are an atheist and also of a libertarian
nature, then you are cordially invited to join Topica's libertarian-atheist
email list.
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