Tjandra Exports is an Indonesian based exporter that functions in English and Indonesian (Bahasa Indonesia) and Mandarin.
We may have what you're looking for.
or fax us at:
62 031 567 4015 Attention: Emily Tjandra
| Indonesia | |
| Total area: 1,919,440 sq km Land area: 1,826,440 sq km Comparative area: Slightly less than three times the size of Texas |
Total 2,602 km, Malaysia 1,782 km, Papua New Guinea 820 km |
| Climate | Tropical; hot, humid; more moderate in highlands |
| Terrain | Mostly coastal lowlands; larger islands have interior mountains |
Natural Resources |
Petroleum Tin Natural gas Nickel Timber Bauxite Copper Fertile soils Coal Gold Silver |
| Environment | |
| PEOPLE | |
| Population | 205,000,000+ (July 1995 est.) |
| Nationality | Noun: Indonesian(s) Adjective: Indonesian |
| Ethnic Divisions | Javanese 45% Sudanese 14% Madurese 7.5% Coastal Malays 7.5% Chinese 4% Others 22% |
Religions |
Muslim 87% Protestant 6% Roman Catholic 3% Hindu 2% Buddhist 1% Other 1% (1985) |
| Languages | Bahasa Indonesia (modified form of Malay; official), English, Dutch, local dialects the most widely spoken of which is Javanese |
| Literacy | Age 15 and over can read and write (1990) Total population: 82% Male: 88% Female: 75% |
| Labor Force | 67 million |
| By occupation: | Agriculture 55% Manufacturing 10% Construction 4% Transport and communications 3% (1985 est.) |
| GOVERNMENT | |
| Government Structure | Republic |
| Names | Conventional long form: Republic of Indonesia Conventional short form: Indonesia Local long form: Republik Indonesia Local short form: Indonesia Former: Netherlands East Indies; Dutch East Indies |
| Capital | Jakarta |
| Administrative Divisions | 24 provinces (propinsi-propinsi, singular - propinsi), 2 special regions*(daerah-daerah
istimewa, singular - daerah istimewa), and 1 special capital city district**
(daerah khusus ibukota); Aceh*, Bali, Bengkulu, Irian Jaya, Jakarta Raya**,
Jambi, Jawa Barat, Jawa Tengah, Jawa Timur, Kalimantan Barat, Kalimantan Selatan, Kalimantan Tengah, Kalimantan Timur, Lampung, Maluku, Nusa Tenggara Barat, Nusa Tenggara Timur, Riau, Sulawesi Selatan, Sulawesi Tengah, Sulawesi Tenggara, Sulawesi Utara, Sumatera Barat, Sumatera Selatan, Sumatera Utara, Timor Timur(now under UN control/protection), Yogyakarta* |
| Independence | 17 August 1945 (proclaimed independence; on 27 December 1949, Indonesia became legally independent from the Netherlands) |
| National Holiday | Independence Day, 17 August (1945) |
| Constitution | August 1945, abrogated by Federal Constitution of 1949 and Provisional Constitution of 1950, restored 5 July 1959 |
| Legal System |
Based on Roman-Dutch law, substantially modified by indigenous concepts and by new criminal procedures code; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction |
| Voting Age | 17 years of age; universal and married persons regardless of age |
| Executive Branch | |
| Cabinet: | Cabinet |
| Legislative Branch | |
| Judicial Branch | |
| Supreme Court (Mahkamah Agung) | |
| ECONOMY | |
| Economic Crisis | |
| Overview | Indonesia is a mixed economy with some socialist institutions and central
planning but with a recent emphasis on deregulation and private enterprise. Indonesia has extensive natural wealth, yet, with a large and rapidly increasing population, it remains a rather poor country. Real GDP growth in 1985-94 averaged about 6%, quite impressive, but not sufficient to both slash underemployment and absorb the 2.3 million workers annually entering the labor force. Agriculture, including forestry and fishing, is an important sector, accounting for 21% of GDP and over 50% of the labor force. The staple crop is rice. Once the world's largest rice importer, Indonesia is now nearly self-sufficient. Plantation crops - rubber and palm oil - and textiles and plywood are being encouraged for both export and job generation. Industrial output now accounts for almost 40% of GDP and is based on a supply of diverse natural resources, including crude oil, natural gas, timber, metals, and coal. Foreign investment has also boosted manufacturing output and exports in recent years. Indeed, the economy's growth is highly dependent on the continuing expansion of non-oil exports. Japan remains Indonesia's most important customer and supplier of aid. Rapid growth in the money supply in 1989-90 prompted Jakarta to implement a tight monetary policy in 1991, forcing the private sector to go to foreign banks for investment financing. Real interest rates remained above 10% and off-shore commercial debt grew. The growth in off-shore debt prompted Jakarta to limit foreign borrowing beginning in late 1991. Despite the continued problems in moving toward a more open financial system and the persistence of a fairly tight credit situation, GDP growth in 1992-94 has matched the government target of 6%-7% annual growth. |
| National Product | GDP - purchasing power parity - $619.4 billion (1994 est.) National Product Real Growth Rate 6.7% (1994 est.) National Product Per Capita $3,090 (1994 est.) |
| Commodities: | Manufactures 56.7% Fuels 24.8% Foodstuffs 11.1% Raw materials 7.4% (1994 est.) |
| Electricity | Capacity: 12,100,000 kW Production: 44 billion kWh Consumption per capita: 207 kWh (1993) |
| Industries | Petroleum and natural gas Textiles Mining Cement Chemical fertilizers Plywood Food Rubber |
| Agriculture | Accounts for 21% of GDP; subsistence food production; small-holder and plantation production for export; main products are rice, cassava, peanuts, rubber, cocoa, coffee, palm oil, copra, other tropical products, poultry, beef, pork, eggs |
| Illicit Drugs | Illicit producer of cannabis for the international drug trade, but not a major player; government actively eradicating plantings and prosecuting traffickers; growing role as transshipment point for Golden Triangle heroin; increasing indigenous methamphetamine abuse. Increasing use of psychotropic ecstacy. |
| Currency | 1 Indonesian rupiah (Rp) |
| Exchange Rates | Indonesian rupiahs (Rp) per US$1 - 10,500 (February 1998),2,203.6 (January
1995), 2,160.7 (1994), 2,087.1 (1993), 2,029.9 (1992), 1,950.3 (1991), 1,842.8 (1990) |
| Fiscal Year | 1 April - 31 March |
| TRANSPORTATION | |
| Railroads | Total: 6,964 km Narrow gauge: 6,389 km 1.067-m gauge (101 km electrified; 101 km double track); 497 km 0.750-m gauge; 78 km 0.600-m gauge |
| Highways | Total: 119,500 km Paved: NA Unpaved: NA Undifferentiated: provincial 34,180 km; district 73,508 km; state 11,812 km |
| Inland Waterways | 21,579 km total; Sumatra 5,471 km, Java and Madura 820 km, Kalimantan 10,460 km, Celebes 241 km, Irian Jaya 4,587 km |
| Pipelines | Crude oil 2,505 km; petroleum products 456 km; natural gas 1,703 km (1989) |
| Ports | Cilacap, Cirebon, Jakarta, Kupang, Palembang, Semarang, Surabaya,Ujungpandang |
| Merchant Marine | Total: 438 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 1,942,527 GRT/2,818,296 DWT Ships by type: bulk 26, cargo 259, chemical tanker 7, container 11, liquefied gas tanker 6, livestock carrier 1, oil tanker 85, passenger 6, passenger-cargo 12, roll-on/roll-off cargo 7, short-sea passenger 7, specialized tanker 7, vehicle carrier 4 |
| Airports | Total: 450 With paved runways over 3,047 m: 3 With paved runways 2,438 to 3,047 m: 10 With paved runways 1,524 to 2,437 m: 35 With paved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 42 With paved runways under 914 m: 324 With unpaved runways 1,524 to 2,438 m: 4 With unpaved runways 914 to 1,523 m: 32 |
| COMMUNICATIONS | |
| Telephone System | 763,000 telephones (1986); domestic service fair, international service
good Local: NA Intercity: interisland microwave system and HF police net; 1 earth station for a domestic satellite International: 2 INTELSAT (1 Indian Ocean and 1 Pacific Ocean) earth stations |
Radio Broadcast stations: |
AM 618, FM 38, shortwave 0 Radios: NA Note: Radio broadcast coverage good |
| Television | Broadcast stations: 9 Televisions: NA |
| DEFENSE FORCES | |
| Branches | Army, Navy, Air Force, National Police |
| Manpower Availability | Males age 15-49 55,883,688; males fit for military service 32,952,204; males reach military age (18) annually 2,247,586 (1995 est.) |
| UPDATES WILL FOLLOW |
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