Genetic roots of Europe and Europe's 10 founding 'fathers'

Recently Mr Robin Cook & Mr Straw of the UK government joined in on the intellectual assault on English / British Identity when arguing that the British were not a race "but a gathering of countless different races and communities, the vast majority of which were not indigenous to these islands".

http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/uk_politics/newsid_1285000/1285654.stm

In the last few years Britain is in the process of been forced into becoming 'a foreign land', that we are being 'flooded' by asylum seekers and unwanted immigrants. In order for them to justify this and to continue this policy of creating a Multi Cultural Multi Racial Society It is important that the Current Labour leadership and liberal elite destroy the notion that heBritish are a Race of people let alone a nation with their own Unique Culture, Tory MP John Townend's claim that immigrants were undermining the UK's "homogenous Anglo-Saxon society" we derided and claimed to be Racist

Recent research has come to light in the field of genetics; the Articles Below provides the following startling facts. Far from been a Mongrel nation made up of gathering of countless different races and communities. The emerging genetic picture of Europe people is one of

10 male lineages gave rise to the vast majority of Europeans

Seven female lineages arose some 50,000 years ago

80% of Europeans are descended from Paleolithic hunter-gatherers

That all Europeans are descended from common European ancestors, that Europeans are a Unique Race of people and as for a the Nations of Britain are concern it proves our uniqueness as different tribes such as Celts, Picts, Romans, Jutes, Angles, Saxons, Vikings, Danish, Norwegian, Swedish warriors and then the Norman Conquest one in Nation and one single European Race.

Most importantly with an eye on, One of the main points Cook, Straw and others miss when promoting their new world though, a simple fact about population genetics that resounds emotionally with the average person, yet has largely eluded most learned commentators. Namely, genes are the stuff of genealogy. Each individual's genes are descended from some people, but not from some other people. Thus, they discovered, people often feel a sense of family pride and loyalty to others, living and dead, with whom they share some DNA.

Further, if you read between his lines, you can readily understand why - despite all the propaganda that "race does not exist" - humanity will never get over its obsession with race: Race is Family. A racial group is an extremely extended family that is inbred to some degree.

In fact, people are so interested in tracing their family connections that a for-profit firm OxfordAncestors.com. "Discover your ancestral mother," he advertises. For $220 he'll trace your DNA (actually, a particular set of your specialized mitochondrial DNA) back to one of the seven Stone Age women who are the ancestors in the all-female line of 95% of all white Europeans.

BBC News Online: Sci/Tech

Genetic roots of Europe

The emerging genetic picture of Europe
10 male lineages gave rise to the vast majority of Europeans
Seven female lineages arose some 50,000 years ago
80% of Europeans are descended from Paleolithic hunter-gatherers

Northern Europeans could be descended from as few as 50 individuals who survived the last ice age.

New DNA evidence suggests that a few hundred Stone Age hunter-gatherers were the ancestors of many modern day northern Europeans.

One theory is that the population expanded from a small enclave of foragers who retreated south to an area of the Balkans or Spain to escape the spread of the glaciers.
If true, northern Europeans share essentially the same genetic makeup as their bison-hunting forefathers.

According to Oxford University's Ryk Ward, the genetic data fits in surprisingly well with archaeological clues.

"Around 20,000 years ago, the population of Europe was forced to retreat into an area where there were no glaciers," says Professor Ward of the Institute of Biological Anthropology.

"From that population base, a very small number of individuals then became the ancestors of the current [northern] European population."

He says it is impossible to specify exact numbers, but he believes that about 1,000 individuals gave rise to the modern northern European gene pool, and possibly as few as 50.

The evidence comes from a study of stretches of human DNA that contain individual variations of just a single letter in the genetic code.

Scientists are interested in studying these tiny molecular differences (single nucleotide polymorphisms or SNPs) because they could explain why some people are more susceptible to common diseases than others.

But they also provide a tool for studying our genetic history, by measuring the amount of shuffling of human DNA that has occurred over time.

Many scientists believe that humans arose in Africa, and then spread and conquered the rest of the world.

But during this long journey, the genetic history of the human race underwent a series of twists and turns.

Northern Europeans share SNPs with the Nigerian population, says Eric Lander of the MIT/Whitehead Center for Genomic Research in Cambridge, Massachusetts.

But he says the European samples show large clumps of unshuffled genetic material, suggesting a recent breeding bottleneck.

BBC News Online: Sci/Tech

Europe's 10 founding 'fathers'

More than 95% of European men alive today are descended from 10 ancient groups of forefathers, according to new genetic evidence.

Scientists believe that 80% of European men inherited their Y chromosomes from primitive hunter-gatherers who lived up to 40,000 years ago.

The other male ancestors are likely to have been migrants who arrived in Europe from the Near East about 10,000 years ago bringing with them farming technology.

The evidence comes from a new study of the male (Y) chromosome, which is passed only from father to son and can be used to trace paternal ancestry.

An international research team studied genetic information from the Y chromosomes of more than 1,000 men from 25 communities across Europe and the Middle East.

Genetic tests revealed that 95% of the men could be grouped into 10 different categories, each representing a different paternal lineage.

Ornella Semino, a geneticist at the University of Pavia, Italy, and lead author of the Y chromosome research said the results showed "that about 80% of the European Y chromosomes trace back to Paleolithic ancestors and about 20% to the Neolithic farmers".

She said that most European men alive today would be able to trace their genetic roots by analysis of these Y chromosome markers.

The scientists, from eight European countries and the US, believe the male ancestors arrived in separate waves of migration.

The first two waves of migration into Europe happened during the Paleolithic period (25,000 to 40,000 years ago).

The other 20% of founding fathers probably arrived in one migration during the Neolithic period, about 10,000 years ago.

The settlers would have formed different clans, isolated by geographical features and glaciers.

But the advent of farming and the melting glaciers as the continent's climate warmed enabled the different groups to mingle.

The new data adds to previous evidence that modern European populations arose from the merging of local Paleolithic groups and Neolithic farmers arriving from the Near East after the invention of agriculture.

But scientists have debated whether it was local hunter-gatherers or newcomers bringing farming technology who passed on more of their genes.

The Y chromosome evidence suggests that the genetic template of modern European men was set by the hunter-gatherers as early as 40,000 years ago. Most modern European men still bear their genetic signature.

But the male gene pool was modified with the arrival of Neolithic farmers about 10,000 years ago.

Similar studies of mitochondrial DNA, a scrap of genetic material that is passed from mother to child, have traced the maternal ancestry of modern European women.

The Y chromosome data is "strikingly similar" to new findings on mitochondrial DNA said evolutionary geneticist Martin Richards of the University of Huddersfield, UK.