4. Energy
- Forms
o Kinetic
Moving: action or motion
o Potential
Ability to move or do work
stored
- Quality
o High Quality
Organized
Concentrated
Able to do much work
o Low Quality
Disorganized
Dispersed
Unable to do much work
- Physical & Chemical Changes
o Physical
Involves change in physical state
o Chemical
Involves change in chemical composition
- Law of Conservation
o Matter is not consumed
o Matter only changes form
o There is no าawayำ
- Matter & Pollution
o Factors determining severity
Chemical Nature
Concentration (ppm)
Persistence
แ Categories based on persistence
o Degradable (nonpersistent)
o Biodegradable
o Slowly degradable
o Nondegradable
- First Law of Thermodynamics
o Energy is neither created nor destroyed
o Energy only changes form
o You canีt get something for nothing
Energy In=Energy Out
- Second Law of Thermodynamics
o In every transformation, some energy is converted to heat
o You cannot break even in terms of energy quality
5. Connections
- High-Throughput (waste) Economies
o Industrialized nations
o Trying to sustain increasing economic growth by increasing flow of matter and energy through economic systems
- Matter Recycling Economies
o Goal is to allow economic growth to continue without depleting matter resources or produce pollution
o Environmentally sustainable economic development
- Low-Throughput Economies
o More sustainable economy
o Maximize efficiency of energy flow