PHYSICAL THERAPY
Physical therapists assist the
patient in functional restoration, especially for gross motor functions. Tasks
may include the following:
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Restore and preserve joint ROM
through mobilization techniques and exercises
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Evaluate muscle length and perform
stretching exercises and soft-tissue mobilization to enhance muscle elasticity
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Perform muscle strength evaluation
and quantification
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Evaluate muscle hypotonicity or
hypertonicity and provide exercises to normalize motor control
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Evaluate and train sitting and
standing balance, transfers, and mobility, including wheelchair use and
ambulation. Progressive gait training with or without ambulatory aids may be
offered and includes instruction in negotiating barriers and obstacles such as
rough ground ramps, and stairs.
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Evaluate and train users of lower
extremities orthoses and prostheses to facilitate their gait independence and
function
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Evaluate level of dependence during
position changes and provide mobility training to enhance function
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Offer exercises to increase
strength, endurance, and coordination for specific muscle groups or the entire
body
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Assess skin integrity and sensation
and provide precautionary instructions for skin care
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Manage edema and musculoskeletal
pain by physical measures
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Offers various physical therapy
modalities, such as superficial and deep heat and cold, as well as hydrotherapy
techniques, electrical stimulation, traction and massage
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Assess total body posture and
provide education and exercises to improve alignment
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Perform auscultation to lung fields
and render percussion and vibration, breathing exercises, incentive spirometry,
and postural drainage in some settings
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Aid in home evaluation to make the
environment barrier free and accessible
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Assess the patient’s wheelchair
needs, including maintenance, and assist with individualized wheelchair
prescriptions
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Teach functional employment skills,
including proper lifting techniques, functional strength testing, and ergonomic
considerations