Some Medieval forms of punishment (although some lasted throughout the following centuries):
stocks: for hands and feet
pillory: for head and hands
ducking stool (or cucking stool): a chair on a moveable wooden arm perched over a pond. It resembled a toilet seat. Used for recalcitrants (someone who refuses to obey authority), quarrelsome women and dishonest trades people.
branks: an iron curb for the tongue held in place by a frame around the neck that was used for quarrelsome women.
boot: either boards bound securely to the legs by wet chords or an actual boot soaked in water. The victim was the placed in front of a fire. The fire then made the boot to contract and crush the leg.
Bilbo: a long iron bar with lock and shackles. Used primarily aboard ships.
gallows pole: from which murderers were hung by a rope around the neck. "Riding the Cart" meant a trip to the gallows.
beheading: convict blindfolded with hands tied behind his back. Kneels down, head put on block, then axe was used.
Commoners would could read Bible verses could escape execution. He would "plead his clergy" and be handed over to his bishop.
Nightly watch and ward: all suspicious travelers were apprehended after nightfall.
Cannon law (a law or a body of laws of the church): no death penalty except for heresy (disagreeing with the pope).
Worst sentence was a long imprisonment in dungeon. Cold, no bed (except possibly a pile of hay) and sometimes chained to the wall. No light except from small barred window.
Excommunicates and suicides were not buried and left in the open to be eaten by dogs and crows.