Here are some of the Scottish and Welsh kings who ruled during Medieval Times.
Kings of Scotland:
Malcolm IV—born 1153, died 1165.
King of Scotland in 1153 and during Henry II's reign.
William — born 1143, died 1214. He was known as “The Lion”.
Ruled from 1165 to 1214.
1152: Had Earldom of Northumberland.
1157: Henry II annexed William's territory. Claimed Carlisle and Northumberland, but could not regain territory.
Alexander II—born 1200, died 1249. Known as the "Little Red Fox".
Knighted by King John at age 14.
1215: Sympathized with the barons at Runnymede and his army fought King John. First did homage to King Louis of France, then to King Henry.
1221: Marries King John's daughter, Joanna ("Joan Makepeace").
1237: Signs treaty of York with England, over Anglo-Scottish border. Surrenders claim to northern England in exchange for Tynedale and Penrit.
1241: 2nd wife, Mary de Couci gave birth to son Alexander.
1249: Died on Kerrera Island during expedition to wrest the Hebrides from Norway. 2nd wife, Mary de Couci gave birth to son Alexander.
Alexander III—born 1241, died 1286.
1249: Henry wanted to control Scotland, but the Bishop of St. Andrews stopped him.
1251: Knighted by Henry and marries Henry's daughter, Margaret.
1263: Offers to buy Hebrides form King Haakon of Norway. Haakon decides to fight when Earl of Ross (Farquhar Macintaggart) harries Island of Skye. Alexander joined by Magnus the King of Mann and some Norse and Celtic chiefs. Alexander wins minor battle. Norway attacks Scottish mainland from islands off the north and west coasts, but were defeated.
1264: the king of Man did homage to Alexander.
1266: Treaty of Perth—Haakon's successor gives land, and Scots get the Orkney and Shetland Islands and the Isle of Man.
1286: Succeeded by infant–niece Margaret "the Maid of Norway".
1290: Margaret dies. Had an arranged marriage to Prince Edward of England. She was five-years-old, Edward was seven.
1292: Throne goes to John Baliol
1296: Scottish crown given to Edward I (England). Coronation stone (Stone of Scone) is taken to Westminster.
1297: Scotts defeat English at Stirling Bridge.
1300: Edwards invades Scotland.
1306: Robert Bruce is Scottish king. Loses battle to England at Methuen and Dalry.
Kings of Wales:
Rhys ap Gryffudd — born (?), died 1197.
Rhys was descendant of Princess Nesta, the mistress of Henry I. Their son was Robert of Gloucester. She married Gerald of Windsor; their descendants were the Fitz-Henrys and the Fitz-Gerald
1154: Was king of South Wales. After King Henry II's coronation, he invaded Wales. Forced Rhys to give hostages for peaceful behavior.
1170: Welsh archers helped England invade Ireland.
Llywelyn ab Iorwerth — born 1195, died 1240.
He was known as "The Great". The Prince of Gwynedd, the Northern Prince who ruled Wales from 1195-1240.
1205: married King John's illegitimate daughter, Joanna.
1210-1211: aggression in Powys and John retaliates.
1212: allies with the French. Extended dominion to Carmarthenshire and Cardinganshire during English civil war (1215-1216).
1216: Lord of the Powys.
1220: Bypasses illegitimate son Gryffud for son David. Loses battle over land to William Marshal. During the late 1220's South Wales were under control of the Norman's know as the Marcher Barons.
1230: Becomes Prince of Aberffraw and lord of Snowdon. Does homage to Henry III and his suzerainty in Wales, much like Scottish king.
1233: assisted Richard Marshal in battle against Henry.
1237: he has a stroke. Son David may have ruled for him.
David — born (?), died 1246.
1244: Is Prince of Wales.
His brother Gryffudd and Henry are enemies. As captive, Gryffudd dies in escape attempt from Tower of London.
Llewelyn ap Gryffudd (son of Gryffudd) — born (?), died 1282. He was the Prince of Wales from 1246-1282.
1247: "Treaty of Woodstock": Llewleyn and elder brother Owain confined by Henry to Lower Gwynedd, west of the Conwy.
1255: Llewelyn defeated brothers and re-establishes grandfather's dominion. Extends rule to 'Greater' Gwynedd, east of the Conwy.
1257: Exploits English disunity and overruns other lordships as far as Gwent, Glamorgan and Dyfed. Invades Valley of the Wye and takes the castle of Builth. Simon de Montfort, was chosen to oppose Llewelyn. The Welsh retreat and sign a treaty.
Prince Edward went to Wales after Llewelyn broke the treaty.
1258: Most Welsh lords recognize him as their overlord. Took title of Prince of Wales and concluded alliance with Scottish nobles.
1265: Simon de Montfort acknowledges his status and suzerainty over Welsh lords and uses Welsh archers in civil war. After Llewelyn dies, Edward takes title of Prince of Wales for English princes.
1254: Henry gave Carmarthenshire and Cardiganshire to Prince Edward, who in 1265 gave these lordships to his son Edmund. Llewelyn was to marry Eleanor "the Demoiselle", daughter of Simon de Montfort (the younger?)
1275: Her ship was captured off of the Scilly Islands by English, held captived in Windsor for three years by Edward. Llewelyn submits to Edwards to gain her freedom.
1282: Eleanor died in childbirth and Llewelyn dies also. Princess Gwenllian confined as a nun in Sempringham for life.