Sites visited

1. Fortaleza area, Ceará October, 2006

I visited Fortaleza to meet members of Aquasis, a conservation organization working at with the Araripe Manakin (following site), Serra de Baturite and projects working with terns and marine mammals. Check: http://www.aquasis.org/bio_projetos.asp (only in Portugese) or contact Alberto alberto@aquasis.org for more information. The forest in Serra de Baturite has some excellent birding the recently split Gray-breasted Parakeet is likely to be listed as a critically endangered species in the near future. Contact Ciro Albano ciroalbano@yahoo.com.br about this area. Ciro and Alberto both speak excellent English. I stayed at the Aquasis office for a few days which is located in a kind of compound called SESC Iparana about 15km west of Fortaleza and can be reached by bus. Ask Alberto for directions. Within the compound is a small patch of forest which has Spot-backed Puffbird, Ochraceous Piculet and Marmoset. I joined a group that went to a place called Pecem about 50km west of Fortaleza. Here was good for terns, waders and Black Skimmer. We also checked some flooded palm forest near Lake Cauipe where we saw Purple Gallinule, Limpkin and Masked Water-Tyrant. Ask Alberto for more details of the site.
I saw 70 species including 1 lifer

Great Egret Ardea alba

Snowy Egret Egretta thula Photographed

Cattle Egret Bubulcus ibis

Striated Heron Butorides striata

Brazilian Teal Amazonetta brasiliensis

Black Vulture Coragyps atratus

Turkey Vulture Cathartes aura

Lesser Yellow-headed Vulture Cathartes burrovianus

Savanna Hawk Buteogallus meridionalis

Roadside Hawk Buteo magnirostris Photographed

Crested Caracara Caracara cheriway

Yellow-headed Caracara Milvago chimachima

Limpkin Aramus guarauna

Purple Gallinule Porphyrio martinica

Common Moorhen Gallinula chloropus

Wattled Jacana Jacana jacana

Southern Lapwing Vanellus chilensis

Black-bellied Plover Pluvialis squatarola Photographed

Semipalmated Plover Charadrius semipalmatus Photographed

Wilson's Plover Charadrius wilsonia Photographed

Collared Plover Charadrius collaris

Short-billed Dowitcher Limnodromus griseus Photographed

Spotted Sandpiper Actitis macularia

Willet Catoptrophorus semipalmatus Photographed

Ruddy Turnstone Arenaria interpres Photographed

Red Knot Calidris canutus Photographed

Sanderling Calidris alba Photographed

Laughing Gull Larus atricilla Photographed

Roseate Tern Sterna dougallii Rare/Accidental Photographed

Common Tern Sterna hirundo Photographed

Least Tern Sterna antillarum Photographed

Black Tern Chlidonias niger Rare/Accidental Photographed

Black Skimmer Rynchops niger Photographed

Rock Pigeon Columba livia Introduced species

Ruddy Ground-Dove Columbina talpacoti

Scaled Dove Columbina squammata

Squirrel Cuckoo Piaya cayana

Greater Ani Crotophaga major

Smooth-billed Ani Crotophaga ani

Guira Cuckoo Guira guira

Fork-tailed Palm-Swift Tachornis squamata

Blue-crowned Trogon Trogon curucui

Amazon Kingfisher Chloroceryle amazona

Green Kingfisher Chloroceryle americana Heard only

Spot-backed Puffbird Nystalus maculatus

Ochraceous Piculet Picumnus limae Endemic Vulnerable

Green-barred Woodpecker Colaptes melanochloros

Pale-legged Hornero Furnarius leucopus Possibly seen

Great Antshrike Taraba major

Common Tody-Flycatcher Todirostrum cinereum

Yellow-olive Flycatcher Tolmomyias sulphurescens

Yellow-breasted Flycatcher Tolmomyias flaviventris Recorded

Masked Water-Tyrant Fluvicola nengeta

Cattle Tyrant Machetornis rixosus

Great Kiskadee Pitangus sulphuratus

Social Flycatcher Myiozetetes similis

Tropical Kingbird Tyrannus melancholicus

Brown-chested Martin Progne tapera Possibly seen

Gray-breasted Martin Progne chalybea

White-winged Swallow Tachycineta albiventer

Barn Swallow Hirundo rustica

Yellowish Pipit Anthus lutescens

House Wren Troglodytes aedon

Pale-breasted Thrush Turdus leucomelas

Rufous-browed Peppershrike Cyclarhis gujanensis

Golden-crowned Warbler Basileuterus culicivorus

Bananaquit Coereba flaveola

Sayaca Tanager Thraupis sayaca

Violaceous Euphonia Euphonia violacea

House Sparrow Passer domesticus Introduced species

2. Crato, Ceará 26th October, 2006

The Araripe Manakin is very easily seen at a place called Arajara Park near Crato in southern Ceará. Crato can be reached from Fortaleza by bus in about 9 hours (55R). Also from Recife or Teresina. From the terminal, take a bike taxi to Praca Cristo Rei where there is a hotel and internet cafe. The bus leaves here for Arajara Park every hour or 2. One leaves at 8am and returns at 10 or 12. It only takes about 20 minutes to get there (1R). The place is an aquatic park with swimmingpools but also has a kind of forest walk where the manakin is easy to see. At the gate, ask for Ze Marco the manager. He knows the birds quite well and can even whistle them in. When I said I just wanted to see the birds I wasn't charged for using the complex. For more information on the species, contact Weber Silva (one of the discoverers) weber_girao@yahoo.com.br
I saw 39 species including 4 lifers

Black Vulture Coragyps atratus

Turkey Vulture Cathartes aura

Roadside Hawk Buteo magnirostris

Short-tailed Hawk Buteo brachyurus Possibly seen Recorded

Southern Lapwing Vanellus chilensis

White-tipped Dove Leptotila verreauxi

Smooth-billed Ani Crotophaga ani

Planalto Hermit Phaethornis pretrei Recorded

Glittering-bellied Emerald Chlorostilbon aureoventris Possibly seen

Blue-crowned Trogon Trogon curucui Possibly heard

Little Woodpecker Veniliornis passerinus

Olivaceous Woodcreeper Sittasomus griseicapillus Recorded

Great Antshrike Taraba major

Black-capped Antwren Herpsilochmus atricapillus

Araripe Manakin Antilophia bokermanni Endemic Critically endangered Photographed Recorded

Yellow-bellied Elaenia Elaenia flavogaster

Yellow-breasted Flycatcher Tolmomyias flaviventris

Black-tailed Flycatcher Myiobius atricaudus

Euler's Flycatcher Lathrotriccus euleri

Brown-crested Flycatcher Myiarchus tyrannulus

Social Flycatcher Myiozetetes similis

Tropical Kingbird Tyrannus melancholicus

Gray-breasted Martin Progne chalybea

Southern Rough-winged Swallow Stelgidopteryx ruficollis

Long-billed Wren Thryothorus longirostris Endemic Possibly heard Photographed Recorded

House Wren Troglodytes aedon

Rufous-bellied Thrush Turdus rufiventris

Pale-breasted Thrush Turdus leucomelas

Common Waxbill Estrilda astrild Introduced species Recorded

Golden-crowned Warbler Basileuterus culicivorus

Flavescent Warbler Basileuterus flaveolus

White-lined Tanager Tachyphonus rufus Photographed

Sayaca Tanager Thraupis sayaca

Palm Tanager Thraupis palmarum

Purple-throated Euphonia Euphonia chlorotica

Burnished-buff Tanager Tangara cayana

Pectoral Sparrow Arremon taciturnus

Rufous-collared Sparrow Zonotrichia capensis

House Sparrow Passer domesticus Introduced species

3. Fazenda Bananeira, Murici, Alagoas 28th-31st October, 2006

   This is one of the few remaining forests in the region containing some very rare and localized endemics. Many people stay at a place called Posada Quilombo in Uniao do Palmares and hire a vehicle there to take them to the forest. This costs almost $300 for the day but there is a much cheaper way to visit the reserve. I stayed in the town of Murici. There is a hotel called Sao Luis which is R12 for a single room. Murici is a fairly small town and is reached in about an hour by several buses leaving daily (including 10am and 3pm) from the terminal in Maceio (6R). In Murici I searched for a motorbike taxi driver who knew where Fazenda Bananeira was. Apparently some drivers know and others don't. My driver was reliable and knew the place well. His name is Lyon and cell phone 88395228. Alternatively, moto-taxi drivers hang around the entrance to the town. Ask them if they know Fazenda Bananeira and 'reserva forestal'.
   By motorbike it takes about 45 minutes to the forest. My driver charged me R40 round trip on the first occasion and R50 the second. The directions, just in case: Turn left onto the main road leaving Murici (away from Maceio). After less than a km, turn right onto a dirt road where there is an electric sub-station. Follow this road along for several kms (ignoring side roads) to a place called Fazenda Amora. This is the first group of buildings you get to. A short distance after the buildings, there is a fork in the road. Go left. Follow this straight on, ignoring where another road cuts accross. The road gets narrower and narrower until cars (you need to take a different route) cannot pass. You will pass another Fazenda called Estreito. Keep going straight until you get to Bananeira where there is a big lake on the left. From here, keep going straight. The road splits into 3, take the middle one. Get dropped at the top where there is a gate, and on the other side a sign with the writing rubbed off. Turn left up the hill with forest on your left. You enter the forest proper after 10-15 minutes walking.
   The forest remnant on the left, from lower down to where you enter the forest is good for Seven-coloured Tanager and Black-necked Aracari. Less than 50m from the sign is a big tree with a couple of smaller dead trees on the left. Here I saw a group of Jandaya Parakeets in the morning. 1-200m before entering the forest, at a right turn before a steep climb is an entrance to a trail. Follow this trail right down to the bottom, then turn right and follow it along the slope. The second half of this trail is excellent and has more birds than most of the other areas. Here I saw White-flanked Antwren, Seven-colored & Opal-rumped Tanagers, Black-necked Aracari, Planalto Hermit, White-throated Spadebill and Slender-footed Tyrannulet. The trail pops out onto the main trail through the forest if you had gone straight.
   The the main trail is OK but can be a bit quiet. There are many side trails, some worth exploring. At the first main fork in the trail, the right has a tree fall straight away. This junction is good for Yellow-green Grosbeak and nearby for all 3 manakin species, Long-billed Gnatwren, Scalloped Antbird, White-backed Fire-eye and Rufous-winged Antwren. Eventually you will come to a second fork. Take the right and go past a couple of tree falls and arrive at the site of an old house by a creek. This clearing is the only place I saw Orange-bellied Antwren which was responsive to playback from up in the tree tops. Also here I heard Black-headed Berryeater. In the forest on the other side of the creek I saw Black-cheeked Gnateater and Willis's Antbird.
   In general I found birding at the reserve very slow and I went long periods of time seeing no birds. Camping maybe an option down one of the many side trails. I met several people along the main trail. Mostly farm workers but also 1 hunter.
I saw 90 species including 13 lifers

Small-billed Tinamou Crypturellus parvirostris Possibly heard

Great Egret Ardea alba Seen near murici

Snowy Egret Egretta thula

Black Vulture Coragyps atratus

Turkey Vulture Cathartes aura

Roadside Hawk Buteo magnirostris Photographed

White-tailed Hawk Buteo albicaudatus Photographed

Crested Caracara Caracara cheriway

Yellow-headed Caracara Milvago chimachima

American Kestrel Falco sparverius Possibly seen

Wattled Jacana Jacana jacana

Southern Lapwing Vanellus chilensis Heard only

Pale-vented Pigeon Patagioenas cayennensis

Gray-fronted Dove Leptotila rufaxilla

Jandaya Parakeet Aratinga jandaya Endemic Photographed Recorded

Peach-fronted Parakeet Aratinga aurea Heard only Recorded

Blue-winged Parrotlet Forpus xanthopterygius Seen near murici

Plain Parakeet Brotogeris tirica Endemic Heard only Recorded

Blue-headed Parrot Pionus menstruus Possibly heard Recorded?

Squirrel Cuckoo Piaya cayana

Smooth-billed Ani Crotophaga ani

Guira Cuckoo Guira guira

Striped Cuckoo Tapera naevia Heard only

Pauraque Nyctidromus albicollis Recorded

Planalto Hermit Phaethornis pretrei Recorded

Reddish Hermit Phaethornis ruber Photographed Recorded

Swallow-tailed Hummingbird Eupetomena macrourus Seen near murici

Blue-crowned Motmot Momotus momota

Black-necked Aracari Pteroglossus aracari Recorded

Channel-billed Toucan Ramphastos vitellinus Possibly heard

Golden-spangled Piculet Picumnus exilis

Red-stained Woodpecker Veniliornis affinis Photographed Recorded

Lineated Woodpecker Dryocopus lineatus Recorded

Rufous Hornero Furnarius rufus Possibly seen

Common Thornbird Phacellodomus rufifrons

Plain Xenops Xenops minutus

Lesser Woodcreeper Xiphorhynchus fuscus

Buff-throated Woodcreeper Xiphorhynchus guttatus Possibly seen Recorded

Plain Antvireo Dysithamnus mentalis Recorded

White-flanked Antwren Myrmotherula axillaris Recorded

Alagoas Antwren Myrmotherula snowi Endemic Critically endangered

Rufous-winged Antwren Herpsilochmus rufimarginatus

Orange-bellied Antwren Terenura sicki Endemic Endangered Recorded

Willis's Antbird Cercomacra laeta Endemic Recorded

White-backed Fire-eye Pyriglena leuconota Recorded

Scalloped Antbird Myrmeciza ruficauda Endemic Endangered Photographed Recorded

Black-cheeked Gnateater Conopophaga melanops Endemic Recorded

Black-headed Berryeater Carpornis melanocephalus Endemic Vulnerable Heard only Recorded

White-bearded Manakin Manacus manacus Recorded

Blue-backed Manakin Chiroxiphia pareola Photographed Recorded

Red-headed Manakin Pipra rubrocapilla Photographed Recorded

Thrush-like Schiffornis Schiffornis turdinus Recorded

Yellow-bellied Elaenia Elaenia flavogaster

Slender-footed Tyrannulet Zimmerius gracilipes Possibly seen

Pearly-vented Tody-Tyrant Hemitriccus margaritaceiventer Photographed Recorded

Yellow-olive Flycatcher Tolmomyias sulphurescens Recorded

Gray-crowned Flycatcher Tolmomyias poliocephalus Possibly seen

White-throated Spadebill Platyrinchus mystaceus Photographed Recorded

Cliff Flycatcher Hirundinea ferruginea Recorded

Tropical Pewee Contopus cinereus Possibly seen

White-headed Marsh-Tyrant Arundinicola leucocephala

Bright-rumped Attila Attila spadiceus Recorded

Grayish Mourner Rhytipterna simplex

Great Kiskadee Pitangus sulphuratus

Social Flycatcher Myiozetetes similis

Tropical Kingbird Tyrannus melancholicus

White-winged Becard Pachyramphus polychopterus

Black-crowned Tityra Tityra inquisitor Possibly seen

Southern Rough-winged Swallow Stelgidopteryx ruficollis

Moustached Wren Thryothorus genibarbis Heard only Recorded

Chalk-browed Mockingbird Mimus saturninus

Pale-breasted Thrush Turdus leucomelas Heard only Recorded

Long-billed Gnatwren Ramphocaenus melanurus Recorded

Rufous-browed Peppershrike Cyclarhis gujanensis Recorded

Golden-crowned Warbler Basileuterus culicivorus

Bananaquit Coereba flaveola

Yellow-backed Tanager Hemithraupis flavicollis Recorded

Flame-crested Tanager Tachyphonus cristatus

Brazilian Tanager Ramphocelus bresilius Endemic

Sayaca Tanager Thraupis sayaca

Palm Tanager Thraupis palmarum

Violaceous Euphonia Euphonia violacea Recorded

Seven-colored Tanager Tangara fastuosa Endemic Endangered Photographed Recorded

Burnished-buff Tanager Tangara cayana

Opal-rumped Tanager Tangara velia

Blue Dacnis Dacnis cayana

Blue-black Grassquit Volatinia jacarina

Buff-throated Saltator Saltator maximus

Yellow-green Grosbeak Caryothraustes canadensis Recorded

House Sparrow Passer domesticus Introduced species

4. Santo Amaro area 5th & 7th November, 2006

Forest near Santo Amaro harbours the endangered endemic Fringe-backed Fire-eye. I birded 2 days in the area as day trips from Salvador. It takes about an hour and a half to the site by bus from the terminal in Salvador which makes it a little difficult to get there early and staying in Cachoeira or Santo Amaro might be a better option. The birds I found though were more vocal in the mid-morning so there is no need to be there too early. Santana buses leave Salvador at 5:30, 6:30 and 7:30 and cost about R12 (you may have trouble explaining where you want to go when you buy your ticket). If you don't mind paying a bit extra, just buy a ticket to Sao Felix. The site is about 10km passed Santo Amaro (1hr 10) and takes about another 20 minutes. You could also catch a bus to Santo Amaro or Bom Jesus and get a minibus or moto-taxi further along.
The difficult part is knowing where to get off. About 3-4kms from the terminal you pass a big paper-making factory on the right. A short distance after this there is an obvious left turn. Continue straight along here and after a few more kms look out for a big concrete pull-out. A short distance after this there is a gravel track leading to the left. This area has lots of planted bamboo but you can see the forest on a hill behind. This track comes to a gate which is wired shut. This is private land belonging to the IBP paper company so you should probably ask permission to enter, although you will almost certainly not come accross anyone there. After passing the gate, you come to an open area where caustic soda is dumped. On the right of this area is the start of an overgrown trail. Follow this along passed a couple of stagnant streams. This area ia all planted with bamboo and the idea is to walk up through the bamboo between the streams to the forest edge. It is on this edge that you can find the fire-eyes. Playback is needed although I forgot my machine and still managed to see them. I made the mistake of going up into the forest but actually saw the birds on the bamboo side of the edge. Further along the road are other patches of forest worth exploring. Where the road goes up, I explored along a trail to the left which led to a patch of forest with 4 manakin species including Striped.
I saw 57 species including 5 lifers

Black Vulture Coragyps atratus

Turkey Vulture Cathartes aura

Lesser Yellow-headed Vulture Cathartes burrovianus Photographed

Roadside Hawk Buteo magnirostris

Zone-tailed Hawk Buteo albonotatus

Crested Caracara Caracara cheriway

Yellow-headed Caracara Milvago chimachima

Common Moorhen Gallinula chloropus

Pale-vented Pigeon Patagioenas cayennensis

Ruddy Ground-Dove Columbina talpacoti

Scaled Dove Columbina squammata

White-tipped Dove Leptotila verreauxi Heard only

Brown-throated Parakeet Aratinga pertinax

Blue-winged Parrotlet Forpus xanthopterygius

Squirrel Cuckoo Piaya cayana Heard only

Smooth-billed Ani Crotophaga ani

Gray-rumped Swift Chaetura cinereiventris Possibly seen

Rufous-breasted Hermit Glaucis hirsuta Photographed

Reddish Hermit Phaethornis ruber

Golden-spangled Piculet Picumnus exilis

Little Woodpecker Veniliornis passerinus Possibly seen

Rufous Hornero Furnarius rufus Possibly seen

Sooty-fronted Spinetail Synallaxis frontalis Heard only

Thrush-like Woodcreeper Dendrocincla turdina Possibly seen

Wedge-billed Woodcreeper Glyphorynchus spirurus Possibly seen

Buff-throated Woodcreeper Xiphorhynchus guttatus

Plain Antvireo Dysithamnus mentalis Heard only

White-fringed Antwren Formicivora grisea Photographed

Fringe-backed Fire-eye Pyriglena atra Endemic Critically endangered

White-bearded Manakin Manacus manacus

Blue-backed Manakin Chiroxiphia pareola Heard only

Red-headed Manakin Pipra rubrocapilla Photographed

Eastern Striped Manakin Machaeropterus regulus Endemic Photographed

Common Tody-Flycatcher Todirostrum cinereum

Cattle Tyrant Machetornis rixosus

Brown-crested Flycatcher Myiarchus tyrannulus Possibly heard

Great Kiskadee Pitangus sulphuratus

Boat-billed Flycatcher Megarynchus pitangua

Tropical Kingbird Tyrannus melancholicus

Gray-breasted Martin Progne chalybea

Southern Rough-winged Swallow Stelgidopteryx ruficollis

Moustached Wren Thryothorus genibarbis Heard only

House Wren Troglodytes aedon

Pale-breasted Thrush Turdus leucomelas

Rufous-browed Peppershrike Cyclarhis gujanensis

Bananaquit Coereba flaveola

Hooded Tanager Nemosia pileata

Brazilian Tanager Ramphocelus bresilius Endemic

Sayaca Tanager Thraupis sayaca

Palm Tanager Thraupis palmarum

Violaceous Euphonia Euphonia violacea

Red-cowled Cardinal Paroaria dominicana Endemic

Buff-throated Saltator Saltator maximus

Blue-black Grosbeak Cyanocompsa cyanoides

Shiny Cowbird Molothrus bonariensis

Epaulet Oriole Icterus cayanensis

House Sparrow Passer domesticus Introduced species Seen in Santo Amaro

5. Jeremoaba area 9th November, 2006

This is the easiest place to see the Critically endangered Lear's Macaw. Jeremoabo can be reached by bus from Salvador. I took a 'Regional' company bus which left at 8am, took 7 hours and cost 54R. Jeremoabo is a medium-sized town with a couple of places to stay and few places to eat and do internet. The macaws roost closer to Canudos but spend their days feeding on palm fruits on privately owned cattle ranches. One owner is very friendly and supports conservation of the birds. Some birding groups go unannounced and tip the worker Ze Hilton but it would probably be better to ask permission from the owner called Toureiro. He also owns the BR gas station on the main road near Jeremoabo. His telephone number is 75 32032424. There is a problem with illegal trafficking of the species so people can be suspicious. His ranch is about 50km from Jeremoaba towards Canudos along an unpaved road. The nearest community is called Agua Branca which can be reached by bus from Jeremoaba (leaving at 8am) and from there you may be able to pay someone to take you the last 10 minutes if you don't have your own transportation. Pedro Lima (see next section) is a good source of information on the species.
I saw 33 species including 2 lifers

Black Vulture Coragyps atratus

Turkey Vulture Cathartes aura

Roadside Hawk Buteo magnirostris Heard only

Crested Caracara Caracara cheriway

Yellow-headed Caracara Milvago chimachima

American Kestrel Falco sparverius Photographed

Red-legged Seriema Cariama cristata Heard only Recorded

Southern Lapwing Vanellus chilensis Recorded

Picui Ground-Dove Columbina picui Recorded?

Lear's Macaw Anodorhynchus leari Endemic Critically endangered Photographed Recorded

Blue-winged Parrotlet Forpus xanthopterygius

Squirrel Cuckoo Piaya cayana

Smooth-billed Ani Crotophaga ani

Guira Cuckoo Guira guira

Burrowing Owl Athene cunicularia Photographed Recorded

Pale-legged Hornero Furnarius leucopus

Yellow-chinned Spinetail Certhiaxis cinnamomea Heard only

White Monjita Xolmis irupero

Masked Water-Tyrant Fluvicola nengeta

Cattle Tyrant Machetornis rixosus

Brown-crested Flycatcher Myiarchus tyrannulus

Great Kiskadee Pitangus sulphuratus

Tropical Kingbird Tyrannus melancholicus

House Wren Troglodytes aedon Recorded?

Flavescent Warbler Basileuterus flaveolus

Chestnut-vented Conebill Conirostrum speciosum

Hooded Tanager Nemosia pileata Recorded?

Sayaca Tanager Thraupis sayaca

Red-cowled Cardinal Paroaria dominicana Endemic Recorded

Grassland Sparrow Ammodramus humeralis

Bay-winged Cowbird Molothrus badius

Shiny Cowbird Molothrus bonariensis

House Sparrow Passer domesticus Introduced species

6. CETREL & Sauipe 10th November, 2006

I visited Pedro Lima at his office at the CETREL petrochemical company and also accompanied him briefly to Sauipe where there is a new museum of natural history. The CETREL complex has many nest boxes ans also introduced populations of birds. One of the most important being the Golden-capped Parakeets. Sauipe also has an introduced population of endangered Cebus monkeys. I went there by by car but buses from Rio pass regularly. CETREL is near to Praia do Forte. Contact Pedro Lima for details.
I saw 39 species including 3 lifers

Least Grebe Tachybaptus dominicus

Great Egret Ardea alba

Cattle Egret Bubulcus ibis Seen nearby

Black Vulture Coragyps atratus

Turkey Vulture Cathartes aura

Crested Caracara Caracara cheriway

Yellow-headed Caracara Milvago chimachima

Wattled Jacana Jacana jacana

Southern Lapwing Vanellus chilensis

Rock Pigeon Columba livia Introduced species Seen nearby

Scaled Dove Columbina squammata

Golden-capped Parakeet Aratinga auricapilla Endemic Near-threatened

Plain Parakeet Brotogeris tirica Endemic Seen nearby

Orange-winged Parrot Amazona amazonica

Smooth-billed Ani Crotophaga ani

Guira Cuckoo Guira guira

Ferruginous Pygmy-Owl Glaucidium brasilianum Photographed

Swallow-tailed Hummingbird Eupetomena macrourus Seen nearby

Horned Sungem Heliactin bilopha Photographed

Ringed Kingfisher Ceryle torquatus

Green Kingfisher Chloroceryle americana Heard only

Rufous Hornero Furnarius rufus

Yellow-chinned Spinetail Certhiaxis cinnamomea Heard only

Caatinga Cacholote Pseudoseisura cristata Endemic Possibly seen

Masked Water-Tyrant Fluvicola nengeta

Cattle Tyrant Machetornis rixosus

Great Kiskadee Pitangus sulphuratus

Tropical Kingbird Tyrannus melancholicus

Gray-breasted Martin Progne chalybea

House Wren Troglodytes aedon

Tropical Mockingbird Mimus gilvus

Pale-breasted Thrush Turdus leucomelas

Sayaca Tanager Thraupis sayaca

Burnished-buff Tanager Tangara cayana

Yellow-bellied Seedeater Sporophila nigricollis

White-throated Seedeater Sporophila albogularis Endemic

Saffron Finch Sicalis flaveola

Shiny Cowbird Molothrus bonariensis

House Sparrow Passer domesticus Introduced species

!--HEAD2-->

7. Michelin plantation, near Itubera 12th-13th November, 2006

This private reserve is one of the few places where the critically endangered endemic Bahia Tapaculo has been found. Pedro Lima sorted out my visit with one of his assistants who work there (Zildomar). There is a Centre for the Study of Biodiversity at the Michelin Forest and it has excellent facilities to stay. It is run by an American called Kevin Flesher kevinflesher@yahoo.com and a visit there could be aranged through him. His specialty is mammals and he doesn't know the tapaculo so ask to meet Zildomar (no English). There are 3 areas of forest and the Tapaculo has been found at all of them. The best guide is a man called Manuel who knows the species well. Aswell as the 3 areas of forest, the Panacada Grande waterfall is a must to see. Great Dusky swifts roost beneath it and are best seen at dusk.
Itubera can be reached from Bom Despacho by regular bus. Bom Despacho is reached by regular ferry from Salvador. Beware, there are 2 ferries. This one is known as Ferry Boat (fe-hi bodgie) and leaves from Sao Joaquim. This is quicker and cheaper than going direct by bus from the terminal in Salvador. Itubera is also connected by bus with Ubaitaba, from where buses connect further south.
I saw 94 species including 7 lifers

Little Tinamou Crypturellus soui Heard only

Red-winged Tinamou Rhynchotus rufescens

Black Vulture Coragyps atratus

Turkey Vulture Cathartes aura

Lesser Yellow-headed Vulture Cathartes burrovianus

Gray Hawk Asturina nitida Recorded

Roadside Hawk Buteo magnirostris Recorded

Crested Caracara Caracara cheriway Possibly seen

Yellow-headed Caracara Milvago chimachima

Rufous-sided Crake Laterallus melanophaius Heard only Recorded

Southern Lapwing Vanellus chilensis

Rock Pigeon Columba livia Introduced species

Pale-vented Pigeon Patagioenas cayennensis

Ruddy Ground-Dove Columbina talpacoti

Scaled Dove Columbina squammata

White-tipped Dove Leptotila verreauxi Possibly seen

Peach-fronted Parakeet Aratinga aurea

Blue-winged Parrotlet Forpus xanthopterygius

Squirrel Cuckoo Piaya cayana Heard only

Smooth-billed Ani Crotophaga ani

Striped Cuckoo Tapera naevia

Ferruginous Pygmy-Owl Glaucidium brasilianum

Great Dusky Swift Cypseloides senex

Rufous-breasted Hermit Glaucis hirsuta

Reddish Hermit Phaethornis ruber

Swallow-tailed Hummingbird Eupetomena macrourus Photographed

Black-throated Mango Anthracothorax nigricollis

Glittering-bellied Emerald Chlorostilbon aureoventris Possibly seen

White-chinned Sapphire Hylocharis cyanus Possibly seen

Versicolored Emerald Agyrtria versicolor Photographed

Spotted Piculet Picumnus pygmaeus Endemic Photographed

Yellow-throated Woodpecker Piculus flavigula

Green-barred Woodpecker Colaptes melanochloros

Lineated Woodpecker Dryocopus lineatus

Rufous Hornero Furnarius rufus

Sooty-fronted Spinetail Synallaxis frontalis Heard only

Common Thornbird Phacellodomus rufifrons

White-eyed Foliage-gleaner Automolus leucophthalmus Recorded

Wedge-billed Woodcreeper Glyphorynchus spirurus

Lesser Woodcreeper Xiphorhynchus fuscus

Great Antshrike Taraba major Heard only

Barred Antshrike Thamnophilus doliatus Heard only

Chestnut-backed Antshrike Thamnophilus palliatus

Sooretama Slaty-Antshrike Thamnophilus ambiguus Photographed

Plain Antvireo Dysithamnus mentalis Possibly heard

Cinereous Antshrike Thamnomanes caesius

Band-tailed Antwren Myrmotherula urosticta Endemic Endangered

Scaled Antbird Drymophila squamata Endemic

Scalloped Antbird Myrmeciza ruficauda Endemic Endangered Recorded

Red-headed Manakin Pipra rubrocapilla

Yellow Tyrannulet Capsiempis flaveola

Yellow-bellied Elaenia Elaenia flavogaster

Common Tody-Flycatcher Todirostrum cinereum

Bran-colored Flycatcher Myiophobus fasciatus

Masked Water-Tyrant Fluvicola nengeta Photographed

Great Kiskadee Pitangus sulphuratus

Boat-billed Flycatcher Megarynchus pitangua

Social Flycatcher Myiozetetes similis

Tropical Kingbird Tyrannus melancholicus

Gray-breasted Martin Progne chalybea

Blue-and-white Swallow Notiochelidon cyanoleuca

Southern Rough-winged Swallow Stelgidopteryx ruficollis

Moustached Wren Thryothorus genibarbis

House Wren Troglodytes aedon

Rufous-bellied Thrush Turdus rufiventris

Pale-breasted Thrush Turdus leucomelas

Tropical Gnatcatcher Polioptila plumbea

Red-eyed Vireo Vireo olivaceus

Rufous-browed Peppershrike Cyclarhis gujanensis

Bananaquit Coereba flaveola

Chestnut-vented Conebill Conirostrum speciosum

Hooded Tanager Nemosia pileata

Flame-crested Tanager Tachyphonus cristatus

White-lined Tanager Tachyphonus rufus

Brazilian Tanager Ramphocelus bresilius Endemic Photographed Recorded

Sayaca Tanager Thraupis sayaca

Palm Tanager Thraupis palmarum Photographed

Purple-throated Euphonia Euphonia chlorotica

Violaceous Euphonia Euphonia violacea Recorded

Turquoise Tanager Tangara mexicana

Green-headed Tanager Tangara seledon Photographed Recorded

Burnished-buff Tanager Tangara cayana Photographed

Blue Dacnis Dacnis cayana

Blue-black Grassquit Volatinia jacarina

Yellow-bellied Seedeater Sporophila nigricollis

White-bellied Seedeater Sporophila leucoptera Photographed

Saffron Finch Sicalis flaveola

Buff-throated Saltator Saltator maximus Photographed

Green-winged Saltator Saltator similis

Bay-winged Cowbird Molothrus badius

Shiny Cowbird Molothrus bonariensis

Red-rumped Cacique Cacicus haemorrhous Recorded

Yellow-faced Siskin Carduelis yarrellii Endemic Vulnerable Possibly seen

House Sparrow Passer domesticus Introduced species

8. Una Ecoparque 14th November, 2006

I visited this site by car with 2 Brazilian Ornithologists, Cassiano and Andre, both who work in the area and know the birds very well. They are both good sources of information and speak good English. I stayed in the town of Ilheus which has a nice church. We stayed in Posada Brisa do Mar for R20 per person including breakfast. There is also internet and a few OK restaurants in town. Lebanese cuisine is the speciality here. There is also a fantastic ice cream parlour. A visit to Una Ecoparque would normally have to be arranged in advance. The Reserva Biological is apparently very difficult to get permission to visit but the birds are very similar. Bahia Tapaculo and Red-billed Curassow have both been seen at the reserves and Cassiano studied both of these species.
After entering, we parked by a small wetland on the right after which there is a trail entering the forest. This has great birding and we saw Zone-tailed Hawk, Black-eared Fairy, Cinnamon and Greyish Mourners and Temminck's Seedeater (very vocal). We also heard Screaming Piha, Pileated Antren and Blue-throated Parakeet. The trail leads to a canopy walkway which was an excellent place to spend a couple of hours in the mourning. From the small wetland (look out for Lesser Kiskadee) go up the hill and along the road for a few hundred metres where there is a small opening on the right where a trail starts. A few minutes down here is a small stream. Near here in very dense undergrowth is a territory for Bahia Tapaculo. Red-billed Curassow is difficult at Una
I saw 66 species including 6 lifers

Black Vulture Coragyps atratus

Turkey Vulture Cathartes aura

Roadside Hawk Buteo magnirostris Possibly seen

Zone-tailed Hawk Buteo albonotatus

Southern Lapwing Vanellus chilensis

Peach-fronted Parakeet Aratinga aurea

Blue-throated Parakeet Pyrrhura cruentata Endemic Vulnerable Heard only

Plain Parakeet Brotogeris tirica Endemic

Squirrel Cuckoo Piaya cayana

Guira Cuckoo Guira guira Seen on the way to Una

Lesser Nighthawk Chordeiles acutipennis Possibly seen

Reddish Hermit Phaethornis ruber

Black-eared Fairy Heliothryx aurita

White-tailed Trogon Trogon viridis

Red-stained Woodpecker Veniliornis affinis

Rufous Hornero Furnarius rufus

Streaked Xenops Xenops rutilans Possibly seen

White-eyed Foliage-gleaner Automolus leucophthalmus Heard only

Thrush-like Woodcreeper Dendrocincla turdina Heard only

Olivaceous Woodcreeper Sittasomus griseicapillus

Wedge-billed Woodcreeper Glyphorynchus spirurus

Lesser Woodcreeper Xiphorhynchus fuscus

Cinereous Antshrike Thamnomanes caesius Heard only

Band-tailed Antwren Myrmotherula urosticta Endemic Endangered Heard only

Pileated Antwren Herpsilochmus pileatus Endemic Vulnerable Heard only

Streak-capped Antwren Terenura maculata

Screaming Piha Lipaugus vociferans Heard only

White-crowned Manakin Dixiphia pipra

Eastern Striped Manakin Machaeropterus regulus Endemic

Thrush-like Schiffornis Schiffornis turdinus Heard only

White-lored Tyrannulet Ornithion inerme

Sepia-capped Flycatcher Leptopogon amaurocephalus

Planalto Tyrannulet Phyllomyias fasciatus Heard only

Eared Pygmy-Tyrant Myiornis auricularis

Whiskered Flycatcher Myiobius barbatus Photographed

Bright-rumped Attila Attila spadiceus Heard only

Cinereous Mourner Laniocera hypopyrra

Grayish Mourner Rhytipterna simplex Heard only

Lesser Kiskadee Philohydor lictor Photographed

Great Kiskadee Pitangus sulphuratus

Boat-billed Flycatcher Megarynchus pitangua Heard only

Social Flycatcher Myiozetetes similis

Piratic Flycatcher Legatus leucophaius Heard only

Tropical Kingbird Tyrannus melancholicus

Green-backed Becard Pachyramphus viridis

Southern Rough-winged Swallow Stelgidopteryx ruficollis

Moustached Wren Thryothorus genibarbis Heard only

Pale-breasted Thrush Turdus leucomelas

Red-eyed Vireo Vireo olivaceus

Rufous-browed Peppershrike Cyclarhis gujanensis Heard only

Bananaquit Coereba flaveola

Yellow-backed Tanager Hemithraupis flavicollis

Hooded Tanager Nemosia pileata

White-lined Tanager Tachyphonus rufus

Brazilian Tanager Ramphocelus bresilius Endemic

Violaceous Euphonia Euphonia violacea

Orange-bellied Euphonia Euphonia xanthogaster

Turquoise Tanager Tangara mexicana

Opal-rumped Tanager Tangara velia

Blue Dacnis Dacnis cayana

Green Honeycreeper Chlorophanes spiza

Temminck's Seedeater Sporophila falcirostris Endemic Vulnerable

Yellow-bellied Seedeater Sporophila nigricollis

Buff-throated Saltator Saltator maximus

Yellow-green Grosbeak Caryothraustes canadensis

Red-rumped Cacique Cacicus haemorrhous

9. Boa Nova 16th November, 2006

   Boa Nova was one of the highlights of my Brazil birding. Apparently it has more endemics per square km than anywhere else in Brazil. It has some fantastic dry forest birds, including Slender Antbird and also great humid forest. These 2 habitats have totally different birds even they're only 10km apart. Boa Nova can be reached easily by bus from Itabuna. There are apparently 3 places to stay in town. Posada Solar is the best of a bad bunch and is R20 per person per night without breakfast.
   The dry forest is just 2km from town and can be easily walked. Go down out of town to the main road and turn left heading towards Dario Meira. After a km or 2 you reach a bridge over a river. Here I saw Chestnut-capped Blackbird, Yellow-chinned Spinetail and Masked Water-Tyrant and heard Rufous-sided Crake. After the bridge there is a farmhouse (Rufous Cachalote) on the left where you should ask permission to enter the land further on. Just after the farmhouse is a gate on the left where you can enter and walk up to the dry forest above. Along the track I saw Pileated Finch and White-flanked Antwren. After a short distance there is a small entrance to a trail through the forest. Here I saw Grey-headed Spinetail. When it comes back out onto the main track, before a gate, there are trails on the other side where I saw Silvery-cheeked Antshrike, Green-winged Saltator and Fuscous Flycatcher. I didn’t explore past this gate. Back at the main road, continue along to another gate on the left after 700m. Between these 2 gates I saw Zone-tailed Hawk, Ruby-topaz Hummingbird, Dark-bileld Cuckoo and Wing-banded Hornero. The gate has some warnings not to enter. I assumed it was the same owner at the house but this maybe worth checking if you are concerned. After the gate, the path splits into 3. Take the right, climb through a fence and up into nice dry forest. Along here I saw Pearly-vented Tody-Tyrant, Narrow-billed Antwren, Moustached Antwren, Stripe-backed Antbird and the endangered endemic Slender Antbird.
   The humid forest is another 10km. I walked but better is a bus which passes a stop below the town a bit before 8am, although it seems quite variable. The road climbs up and up and reaches the highest point after about 6km. This pass was quite good and had Cinnamon and Gilt-edged Tanagers, Violaceous and Purple-throated Euphonias. The open area after this had White-bellied and Capped Seedeaters. Further down there is a small school on the left and then a white house with the sign ‘Sition Casa Branca’. Turn left after this at a sign for a farm. This track has good birding and I saw Amethyst Woodstar, Violet-crowned Woodnymph, Frilled Coquette and Bahia Spinetail. There is a path on the left leading up into the excellent forest. Here I saw White-eyed and White-collared Foliage-gleaners, Rufous-brown Solitaire, White-shouldered Fire-eye, Yellow-throated woodpecker, Tufted Antshrike, Red-crowned Ant-Tanager and further up Cinnamon-vented Piha, Ferruginous Antbird and Oustalet’s Tyrannulet. The path gets to a gate and you could explore further on.
I saw 156 species including 29 lifers

Little Tinamou Crypturellus soui Heard only

Red-winged Tinamou Rhynchotus rufescens

Black Vulture Coragyps atratus

Turkey Vulture Cathartes aura

Lesser Yellow-headed Vulture Cathartes burrovianus

Roadside Hawk Buteo magnirostris

Zone-tailed Hawk Buteo albonotatus

Crested Caracara Caracara cheriway

Yellow-headed Caracara Milvago chimachima

American Kestrel Falco sparverius

Rufous-sided Crake Laterallus melanophaius Heard only

Southern Lapwing Vanellus chilensis

Ruddy Ground-Dove Columbina talpacoti

Picui Ground-Dove Columbina picui

White-tipped Dove Leptotila verreauxi Heard only

White-eyed Parakeet Aratinga leucophthalmus Possibly seen

Caatinga Parakeet Aratinga cactorum Endemic Photographed

Blue-throated Parakeet Pyrrhura cruentata Endemic Vulnerable

Blue-winged Parrotlet Forpus xanthopterygius

Dark-billed Cuckoo Coccyzus melacoryphus

Squirrel Cuckoo Piaya cayana Heard only

Smooth-billed Ani Crotophaga ani

Guira Cuckoo Guira guira Photographed

Striped Cuckoo Tapera naevia Heard only

Rufous-breasted Hermit Glaucis hirsuta

Reddish Hermit Phaethornis ruber

Sombre Hummingbird Campylopterus cirrochloris Endemic Possibly seen

Black-throated Mango Anthracothorax nigricollis

Ruby-topaz Hummingbird Chrysolampis mosquitus

Frilled Coquette Lophornis magnificus Endemic Photographed

Glittering-bellied Emerald Chlorostilbon aureoventris

Violet-capped Woodnymph Thalurania glaucopis Photographed

Sapphire-spangled Emerald Polyerata lactea

Amethyst Woodstar Calliphlox amethystina Photographed

White-tailed Trogon Trogon viridis Heard only

White-fronted Nunbird Monasa morphoeus

Swallow-wing Chelidoptera tenebrosa

Golden-spangled Piculet Picumnus exilis

Red-stained Woodpecker Veniliornis affinis Photographed

Yellow-throated Woodpecker Piculus flavigula Photographed

Green-barred Woodpecker Colaptes melanochloros

Lineated Woodpecker Dryocopus lineatus

Pale-legged Hornero Furnarius leucopus

Tail-banded Hornero Furnarius figulus Endemic Photographed

Rufous Hornero Furnarius rufus

Bahia Spinetail Synallaxis whitneyi Endemic Vulnerable Photographed Recorded

Sooty-fronted Spinetail Synallaxis frontalis

Gray-headed Spinetail Cranioleuca semicinerea Endemic

Yellow-chinned Spinetail Certhiaxis cinnamomea

Common Thornbird Phacellodomus rufifrons

Caatinga Cacholote Pseudoseisura cristata Endemic Possibly seen

Plain Xenops Xenops minutus Recorded

Pale-browed Treehunter Cichlocolaptes leucophrus Endemic

Buff-fronted Foliage-gleaner Philydor rufus Possibly seen

White-collared Foliage-gleaner Anabazenops fuscus Endemic

White-eyed Foliage-gleaner Automolus leucophthalmus

Thrush-like Woodcreeper Dendrocincla turdina

Olivaceous Woodcreeper Sittasomus griseicapillus

White-throated Woodcreeper Xiphocolaptes albicollis Photographed

Lesser Woodcreeper Xiphorhynchus fuscus

Straight-billed Woodcreeper Dendroplex picus

Spot-backed Antshrike Hypoedaleus guttatus Recorded

Tufted Antshrike Mackenziaena severa

Silvery-cheeked Antshrike Sakesphorus cristatus Endemic Photographed

Barred Antshrike Thamnophilus doliatus Heard only

Sooretama Slaty-Antshrike Thamnophilus ambiguus Endemic Photographed

Variable Antshrike Thamnophilus caerulescens Photographed

Spot-breasted Antvireo Dysithamnus stictothorax Endemic Near-threatened

Stripe-backed Antbird Myrmorchilus strigilatus Photographed

Black-capped Antwren Herpsilochmus atricapillus

Pileated Antwren Herpsilochmus pileatus Endemic Vulnerable Heard only

Rufous-winged Antwren Herpsilochmus rufimarginatus

Narrow-billed Antwren Neorhopias iheringi Endemic Near-threatened Photographed

White-fringed Antwren Formicivora grisea

Ferruginous Antbird Drymophila ferruginea Endemic Photographed

Streak-capped Antwren Terenura maculata Possibly heard

Rio de Janeiro Antbird Cercomacra brasiliana Endemic Near-threatened

White-shouldered Fire-eye Pyriglena leucoptera Photographed

Slender Antbird Rhopornis ardesiaca Endemic Endangered Photographed

Rufous Gnateater Conopophaga lineata Photographed

Sharpbill Oxyruncus cristatus

Cinnamon-vented Piha Lipaugus lanioides Endemic Vulnerable

White-bearded Manakin Manacus manacus

Blue Manakin Chiroxiphia caudata Photographed

Mouse-colored Tyrannulet Phaeomyias murina

Yellow Tyrannulet Capsiempis flaveola Photographed

Yellow-bellied Elaenia Elaenia flavogaster

Plain-crested Elaenia Elaenia cristata Possibly seen

White-bellied Tyrannulet Serpophaga munda Possibly seen

Sepia-capped Flycatcher Leptopogon amaurocephalus

Oustalet's Tyrannulet Phylloscartes oustaleti Endemic Near-threatened Photographed

Drab-breasted Bamboo-Tyrant Hemitriccus diops Photographed

Pearly-vented Tody-Tyrant Hemitriccus margaritaceiventer

Common Tody-Flycatcher Todirostrum cinereum Heard only

Yellow-lored Tody-Flycatcher Todirostrum poliocephalum Endemic

Bran-colored Flycatcher Myiophobus fasciatus

Whiskered Flycatcher Myiobius barbatus

Fuscous Flycatcher Cnemotriccus fuscatus Photographed

White Monjita Xolmis irupero

Masked Water-Tyrant Fluvicola nengeta

Yellow-browed Tyrant Satrapa icterophrys

Long-tailed Tyrant Colonia colonus Photographed

Cattle Tyrant Machetornis rixosus

Grayish Mourner Rhytipterna simplex Photographed

Swainson's Flycatcher Myiarchus swainsoni Possibly seen Photographed?

Great Kiskadee Pitangus sulphuratus

Social Flycatcher Myiozetetes similis

Streaked Flycatcher Myiodynastes maculatus

Tropical Kingbird Tyrannus melancholicus

Chestnut-crowned Becard Pachyramphus castaneus

Brown-chested Martin Progne tapera

Blue-and-white Swallow Notiochelidon cyanoleuca

Southern Rough-winged Swallow Stelgidopteryx ruficollis

Moustached Wren Thryothorus genibarbis

House Wren Troglodytes aedon

Chalk-browed Mockingbird Mimus saturninus

Rufous-brown Solitaire Cichlopsis leucogenys Rare/Accidental

Rufous-bellied Thrush Turdus rufiventris

Pale-breasted Thrush Turdus leucomelas

Cocoa Thrush Turdus fumigatus

Tropical Gnatcatcher Polioptila plumbea

Common Waxbill Estrilda astrild Introduced species

Rufous-browed Peppershrike Cyclarhis gujanensis

Masked Yellowthroat Geothlypis aequinoctialis

Golden-crowned Warbler Basileuterus culicivorus

Flavescent Warbler Basileuterus flaveolus

Bananaquit Coereba flaveola

Cinnamon Tanager Schistochlamys ruficapillus Photographed

Orange-headed Tanager Thlypopsis sordida

Flame-crested Tanager Tachyphonus cristatus

White-lined Tanager Tachyphonus rufus

Black-goggled Tanager Trichothraupis melanops Photographed

Red-crowned Ant-Tanager Habia rubica

Brazilian Tanager Ramphocelus bresilius Endemic Photographed

Sayaca Tanager Thraupis sayaca

Palm Tanager Thraupis palmarum

Purple-throated Euphonia Euphonia chlorotica

Violaceous Euphonia Euphonia violacea

Orange-bellied Euphonia Euphonia xanthogaster

Gilt-edged Tanager Tangara cyanoventris Endemic Photographed

Burnished-buff Tanager Tangara cayana

Pileated Finch Coryphospingus pileatus

Blue-black Grassquit Volatinia jacarina

Yellow-bellied Seedeater Sporophila nigricollis

White-throated Seedeater Sporophila albogularis Endemic Photographed

White-bellied Seedeater Sporophila leucoptera Photographed

Capped Seedeater Sporophila bouvreuil

Red-cowled Cardinal Paroaria dominicana Endemic

Grassland Sparrow Ammodramus humeralis

Rufous-collared Sparrow Zonotrichia capensis

Green-winged Saltator Saltator similis Photographed

Yellow-green Grosbeak Caryothraustes canadensis Photographed

Chestnut-capped Blackbird Chrysomus ruficapillus

White-browed Blackbird Sturnella superciliaris

Shiny Cowbird Molothrus bonariensis

House Sparrow Passer domesticus Introduced species

10. Sooretama Reserve th November, 2006

   This is a biological reserve run by IBAMA. I was told that permission from IBAMA in Vitoria was needed to visit, but on going to the office there (wear trousers) I was told just to ask permission from the head of reserve itself. A man named Eliton. They gave me his number which I called and he said it was no problem to visit. He's a bit of an odd chap and on arriving at the reserve asked me lots of questions about what I wanted to do. He then told me it was forbidden to take photos which I told him was ridiculous and he got very angry. He's the kind of guy who likes to make things inconvenient for people to show how powerful he is, and its best just to humour him. If you want to take photos though (which I did), it might be worth going through IBAMA and asking for specific permission and maybe get something in writing to avoid the ridiculous situation I was in. Apart from that, people were very helpful and I was appointed a guide free of charge for 2 days and even driven to one of the further off trails.
   The small town of Sooretama makes the best base as it seems no longer possible to stay in the park. I asked and was turned down. Sooretama is on the main highway to Vitoria and any long distance buses will drop you off here. There are 2 hotels on the main road. Both very nice and charging 25R per person. We stayed at Hotel Lider. Eliton told me I could come at 8am so I took a taxi there which cost 35R and taking about 25 minutes. It is about 9km north on the main road, then another 16km to the reserve from the turn-off. Turn left off the main road at the sign for the Juncado. This small village is about 11km from the highway and the road is paved that far. After that it is a further 5km on a good gravel track. The cheapest way to get there though is by bus to Juncado which leaves in front of the supermarket at 6:15am and costs about 4R. It goes a different route but arrives in Juncado after about 45 minutes. Before you get there, it makes a left turn at a fenced coconut palm plantation. Get off here and turn right instead and go straight on to the reserve. This saves you about a km. A return bus goes the same route in the afternoon at about 4:10.
   The first day I birded the furthest trail which starts about 10km from the headquarters. To get there go straight on from the HQ and turn right at a fork. Then look for a right turn much further on with a gate. This track has mature forest on both sides and I heard several cracids which were probably all Red-billed Currasows although I only saw 1 well enough to ID. Other good birds along here were Hook-billed Hermit, Spot-winged Wood-Quail, Black-headed Berry-eater, Crested Becard and Hook-billed Kite. We had to turn back before the end as the guide said they had laser beam cameras set for photographing animals. I think he was just tired though. The second day we birded a different trail. Coming from Juncado, before the first forest, you pass over a bridge. Just after that the forest starts on the right and there is an entrance to a trail that goes along the edge of the forest. Along the first section I saw Jaguarundi and Capybara (the forest border a marsh area). Good birds along this trail wereRed-browed Parrot, Rufous Tiger-Heron, Flame-crested Tanager and Red-legged Honeycreeper. In a marshy area before bridge I saw Capped Heron, Yellow-chinned Spinetail and Dark-billed Cuckoo. Around the HQ itself I saw Green-headed Tanager,Plumbeus Kite, Swallow-wing Puffbird and Pileated Finch. There are also a couple of short trails which lead from the HQ compound that I didn't have time to adequately explore.
I saw 125 species including 6 lifers

Little Tinamou Crypturellus soui Heard only

Variegated Tinamou Crypturellus variegatus Heard only

Capped Heron Pilherodius pileatus

Rufescent Tiger-Heron Tigrisoma lineatum

Brazilian Teal Amazonetta brasiliensis

Black Vulture Coragyps atratus

Turkey Vulture Cathartes aura

Lesser Yellow-headed Vulture Cathartes burrovianus

Hook-billed Kite Chondrohierax uncinatus Recorded

Plumbeous Kite Ictinia plumbea

Roadside Hawk Buteo magnirostris

Crested Caracara Caracara cheriway

Yellow-headed Caracara Milvago chimachima

American Kestrel Falco sparverius

Red-billed Curassow Crax blumenbachii Endemic Endangered

Spot-winged Wood-Quail Odontophorus capueira

Southern Lapwing Vanellus chilensis

Scaled Pigeon Patagioenas speciosa Heard only

Picazuro Pigeon Patagioenas picazuro

Pale-vented Pigeon Patagioenas cayennensis

Ruddy Ground-Dove Columbina talpacoti

Picui Ground-Dove Columbina picui

White-tipped Dove Leptotila verreauxi Heard only

Gray-fronted Dove Leptotila rufaxilla Possibly seen

Ruddy Quail-Dove Geotrygon montana

Blue-winged Macaw Primolius maracana Vulnerable

Blue-throated Parakeet Pyrrhura cruentata Endemic Vulnerable Recorded

Maroon-bellied Parakeet Pyrrhura frontalis Possibly seen

Blue-winged Parrotlet Forpus xanthopterygius Photographed

Plain Parakeet Brotogeris tirica Endemic Heard only

Red-browed Parrot Amazona rhodocorytha Endemic Endangered

Mealy Parrot Amazona farinosa Possibly seen

Dark-billed Cuckoo Coccyzus melacoryphus

Squirrel Cuckoo Piaya cayana

Smooth-billed Ani Crotophaga ani

Guira Cuckoo Guira guira

Striped Cuckoo Tapera naevia Heard only

Pauraque Nyctidromus albicollis

Gray-rumped Swift Chaetura cinereiventris

Hook-billed Hermit Glaucis dohrnii Endemic Endangered

Minute Hermit Phaethornis idaliae Endemic

Swallow-tailed Hummingbird Eupetomena macrourus

Glittering-bellied Emerald Chlorostilbon aureoventris

White-chinned Sapphire Hylocharis cyanus

Versicolored Emerald Agyrtria versicolor

White-tailed Trogon Trogon viridis

Rufous-capped Motmot Baryphthengus ruficapillus

Rufous-tailed Jacamar Galbula ruficauda

Swallow-wing Chelidoptera tenebrosa Photographed

Channel-billed Toucan Ramphastos vitellinus Possibly heard

Little Woodpecker Veniliornis passerinus Photographed

Green-barred Woodpecker Colaptes melanochloros

Campo Flicker Colaptes campestris

Lineated Woodpecker Dryocopus lineatus

Rufous Hornero Furnarius rufus

Sooty-fronted Spinetail Synallaxis frontalis Heard only

Yellow-chinned Spinetail Certhiaxis cinnamomea

Streaked Xenops Xenops rutilans

White-eyed Foliage-gleaner Automolus leucophthalmus

Thrush-like Woodcreeper Dendrocincla turdina

Olivaceous Woodcreeper Sittasomus griseicapillus

White-throated Woodcreeper Xiphocolaptes albicollis

Great Antshrike Taraba major Heard only

Barred Antshrike Thamnophilus doliatus Heard only

Chestnut-backed Antshrike Thamnophilus palliatus

Sooretama Slaty-Antshrike Thamnophilus ambiguus Endemic

Plain Antvireo Dysithamnus mentalis Heard only

White-flanked Antwren Myrmotherula axillaris

Band-tailed Antwren Myrmotherula urosticta Endemic Endangered

Black-headed Berryeater Carpornis melanocephalus Endemic Vulnerable

Screaming Piha Lipaugus vociferans Heard only

White-bearded Manakin Manacus manacus

Thrush-like Schiffornis Schiffornis turdinus Heard only

Yellow-bellied Elaenia Elaenia flavogaster

Sepia-capped Flycatcher Leptopogon amaurocephalus

Eared Pygmy-Tyrant Myiornis auricularis

Yellow-olive Flycatcher Tolmomyias sulphurescens

Yellow-breasted Flycatcher Tolmomyias flaviventris

Masked Water-Tyrant Fluvicola nengeta

Cattle Tyrant Machetornis rixosus

Cinereous Mourner Laniocera hypopyrra

Sirystes Sirystes sibilator

Grayish Mourner Rhytipterna simplex

Dusky-capped Flycatcher Myiarchus tuberculifer

Great Kiskadee Pitangus sulphuratus

Boat-billed Flycatcher Megarynchus pitangua

Social Flycatcher Myiozetetes similis

Streaked Flycatcher Myiodynastes maculatus

Tropical Kingbird Tyrannus melancholicus

Chestnut-crowned Becard Pachyramphus castaneus

Black-capped Becard Pachyramphus marginatus

Crested Becard Pachyramphus validus

Black-crowned Tityra Tityra inquisitor

Gray-breasted Martin Progne chalybea

Southern Rough-winged Swallow Stelgidopteryx ruficollis

Moustached Wren Thryothorus genibarbis Possibly heard

House Wren Troglodytes aedon

Chalk-browed Mockingbird Mimus saturninus

Rufous-bellied Thrush Turdus rufiventris

Pale-breasted Thrush Turdus leucomelas

Creamy-bellied Thrush Turdus amaurochalinus Possibly seen

Red-eyed Vireo Vireo olivaceus

Rufous-browed Peppershrike Cyclarhis gujanensis

Tropical Parula Parula pitiayumi

Chestnut-vented Conebill Conirostrum speciosum

Hooded Tanager Nemosia pileata

Flame-crested Tanager Tachyphonus cristatus

Sayaca Tanager Thraupis sayaca

Palm Tanager Thraupis palmarum

Violaceous Euphonia Euphonia violacea

Green-headed Tanager Tangara seledon

Burnished-buff Tanager Tangara cayana

Blue Dacnis Dacnis cayana

Red-legged Honeycreeper Cyanerpes cyaneus

Pileated Finch Coryphospingus pileatus Photographed

Blue-black Grassquit Volatinia jacarina Heard only

Yellow-bellied Seedeater Sporophila nigricollis

Double-collared Seedeater Sporophila caerulescens Photographed

Saffron Finch Sicalis flaveola

Grassland Sparrow Ammodramus humeralis Heard only

Rufous-collared Sparrow Zonotrichia capensis

Yellow-green Grosbeak Caryothraustes canadensis Heard only

Shiny Cowbird Molothrus bonariensis

Red-rumped Cacique Cacicus haemorrhous

House Sparrow Passer domesticus Introduced species

11. Canastra National Park 26th-28th November, 2006

   The small town of Sao Roque de Minas makes a good base to bird in and around this national park. I came here from Rio de Janeiro and went from there to Belo Horizonte on a 'Util' bus leaving Rio at 8am, taking 6 hours and 20 minutes and costing R56.50. From Belo Horizonte I went to Piumhi on a 'Gardenia' bus which left at 6:30pm, taking 4 hours and costing R39. There was no bus to Sao Roque that day so I stayed over night in a 'Dormitorio' next to the terminal costing just R8. The 'Transimao' bus to Sao Roque leaves at 6:30am, takes about 2 hours and costs R9.50. In Sao Roque, there are several places to stay. The nicest is Chapada de Canastra but I stayed at the cheaper Faria's Hotel at R15 with breakfast. Both are at the bottom of the town which is on a big slope. There is also a nice restaurant in town and a place to do internet.
   The the most famous bird in the park is the critically endangered Brazilian Merganser. It is apparently difficult to find but I saw it on my second day within walking distance of the town and watched it for an hour down to 10m. There are 2 ways to get to the site. First, walk from Faria's towards Chapada and carry on. The paved road ends and a dirt track continues. It goes up to where you have a view over a bend in the river. Mergansers have been seen here. Carry on walking (either by the side of the river or just on the track) until you get to a bridge over the river. Here, the idea is to reach a farm on the left bank facing upstream. It seemed easier to walk along the right side and cross over later on. This may involve some climbing over fences and other improvization. If you make it to the farm house ask for Luiz, who runs a camping site, and for the path to the 'Cachoeira'. He also probably knows where the birds are. You could tip him or buy one of his sculptures. You go through a fence, from where there is a clear path along the left side of the river. Head to where the valley narrows and becomes a kind of canyon. At the narrowest part, look down and you should see a kind of natural pool between 2 sets of rapids. This is where the mergansers were between 10 and 11am. Instead of coming from the bridge, you can reach the farm house/camp site (Camping da Picareta) from the road towards the national park. At the top of the town, turn right at the cemetery and carry straight along (listen out for Red-legged Seriema), after 2-3kms turn right at the sign for Picareta. Foillow this along to the house and follow the previous instructions. On the last section is some nice habitat on the left where I saw Black-throated Saltator, Spot-breasted Woodpecker.
   I spent 1 day birding in the park which had fewer but some different birds. It opens at 8am and the entrance is about 7km along from the road previously mentioned. I walked from town which was pretty tiring, but you could easily hitch with IBAMA staff who pass by in the morning. The road up has good birding though and I saw Firewood-gatherer, Pileated Finch, Toco Toucan, Crested Black-Tyrant and Cinnamon Tanager. Around the farm house at the Picareta turn-off, check the palms for Golden-capped Parakeets. A bit further up there is another right turning, this one to the 'Capao Forro' waterfall which I reached a different way. It is 3R to get in but maybe another place to check for mergansers. Up towards the national park entrance you get a wonderful view over the valley and I saw Black-chested Buzzard-Eagle soaring and large flocks of Great Dusky Swifts which roost in the waterfall.
   After paying your 3R entrance fee keep on walking up to the Visitors centre where they have a nice exhibition photos. Walking further up you get to nice grassland but it had all been burnt and had many beautiful flowers. Along here I saw Stripe-tailed Yellow-Finch (common), Burrowing owl (perching on termite mounds), White-vented Violetear, Gray Monjita, White-tailed Hawk and heard Rufous-winged Tinamou. I walked as far as the origin of the Rio Sao Francisco where the stream goes under the road and there electric wires pass over head. This forest here is supposed to harbour Brasilia Tapaculo but they did not respond to playback for me. Here I saw Tawny-headed Swallow.
I saw 115 species including 7 lifers

Red-winged Tinamou Rhynchotus rufescens Heard only Recorded

Spotted Nothura Nothura maculosa

Cocoi Heron Ardea cocoi

Cattle Egret Bubulcus ibis

Buff-necked Ibis Theristicus caudatus Recorded

Muscovy Duck Cairina moschata

Brazilian Merganser Mergus octosetaceus Critically endangered Photographed Recorded

Black Vulture Coragyps atratus

Turkey Vulture Cathartes aura

Savanna Hawk Buteogallus meridionalis

Black-chested Buzzard-Eagle Geranoaetus melanoleucus Photographed

White-tailed Hawk Buteo albicaudatus

Crested Caracara Caracara cheriway Recorded

Yellow-headed Caracara Milvago chimachima Photographed Recorded

American Kestrel Falco sparverius Photographed

Aplomado Falcon Falco femoralis

Red-legged Seriema Cariama cristata Recorded

Southern Lapwing Vanellus chilensis

Rock Pigeon Columba livia Introduced species

Picazuro Pigeon Patagioenas picazuro

Pale-vented Pigeon Patagioenas cayennensis

Eared Dove Zenaida auriculata

Ruddy Ground-Dove Columbina talpacoti

Scaled Dove Columbina squammata

White-tipped Dove Leptotila verreauxi

White-eyed Parakeet Aratinga leucophthalmus Photographed Recorded

Golden-capped Parakeet Aratinga auricapilla Endemic Near-threatened Photographed Recorded

Peach-fronted Parakeet Aratinga aurea Photographed Recorded

Yellow-chevroned Parakeet Brotogeris chiriri Photographed Recorded

Squirrel Cuckoo Piaya cayana

Smooth-billed Ani Crotophaga ani Recorded

Guira Cuckoo Guira guira Photographed Recorded

Striped Cuckoo Tapera naevia

Burrowing Owl Athene cunicularia Photographed

Great Dusky Swift Cypseloides senex Photographed

White-collared Swift Streptoprocne zonaris

Gray-rumped Swift Chaetura cinereiventris

Planalto Hermit Phaethornis pretrei

Swallow-tailed Hummingbird Eupetomena macrourus

White-vented Violet-ear Colibri serrirostris Photographed

Glittering-bellied Emerald Chlorostilbon aureoventris

Ringed Kingfisher Ceryle torquatus

Amazon Kingfisher Chloroceryle amazona

Green Kingfisher Chloroceryle americana

Rufous-tailed Jacamar Galbula ruficauda

White-eared Puffbird Nystalus chacuru Recorded

Toco Toucan Ramphastos toco Photographed Recorded

White Woodpecker Melanerpes candidus

Green-barred Woodpecker Colaptes melanochloros

Campo Flicker Colaptes campestris Photographed Recorded

Rufous Hornero Furnarius rufus Photographed

Sooty-fronted Spinetail Synallaxis frontalis Recorded

Common Thornbird Phacellodomus rufifrons Photographed

Firewood-gatherer Anumbius annumbi Photographed Recorded

Sharp-tailed Streamcreeper Lochmias nematura

Southern Beardless-Tyrannulet Camptostoma obsoletum

Yellow-bellied Elaenia Elaenia flavogaster

White-crested Elaenia Elaenia albiceps Possibly seen Photographed?

Olivaceous Elaenia Elaenia mesoleuca

Lesser Elaenia Elaenia chiriquensis Possibly seen Photographed?

Sooty Tyrannulet Serpophaga nigricans

Sepia-capped Flycatcher Leptopogon amaurocephalus

Yellow-olive Flycatcher Tolmomyias sulphurescens Recorded

White-throated Spadebill Platyrinchus mystaceus Recorded

Cliff Flycatcher Hirundinea ferruginea

Gray Monjita Xolmis cinerea

White-rumped Monjita Xolmis velata

Crested Black-Tyrant Knipolegus lophotes Photographed Recorded

Masked Water-Tyrant Fluvicola nengeta

Yellow-browed Tyrant Satrapa icterophrys Photographed

Long-tailed Tyrant Colonia colonus

Cattle Tyrant Machetornis rixosus Photographed

Short-crested Flycatcher Myiarchus ferox Possibly seen

Brown-crested Flycatcher Myiarchus tyrannulus Possibly seen

Great Kiskadee Pitangus sulphuratus Photographed

Boat-billed Flycatcher Megarynchus pitangua Heard only

Social Flycatcher Myiozetetes similis Photographed

Variegated Flycatcher Empidonomus varius

White-throated Kingbird Tyrannus albogularis Photographed

Tropical Kingbird Tyrannus melancholicus

Fork-tailed Flycatcher Tyrannus savana

Gray-breasted Martin Progne chalybea

White-rumped Swallow Tachycineta leucorrhoa

Blue-and-white Swallow Notiochelidon cyanoleuca

Tawny-headed Swallow Alopochelidon fucata Photographed

Southern Rough-winged Swallow Stelgidopteryx ruficollis Photographed

House Wren Troglodytes aedon Recorded

Chalk-browed Mockingbird Mimus saturninus Recorded

Rufous-bellied Thrush Turdus rufiventris

Pale-breasted Thrush Turdus leucomelas Recorded

Creamy-bellied Thrush Turdus amaurochalinus

Bananaquit Coereba flaveola

Cinnamon Tanager Schistochlamys ruficapillus

Magpie Tanager Cissopis leveriana

Rufous-headed Tanager Hemithraupis ruficapilla Endemic Photographed

Sayaca Tanager Thraupis sayaca Photographed Recorded

Burnished-buff Tanager Tangara cayana

Swallow-Tanager Tersina viridis

Pileated Finch Coryphospingus pileatus Recorded

Blue-black Grassquit Volatinia jacarina Recorded

Lined Seedeater Sporophila lineola Photographed

Yellow-bellied Seedeater Sporophila nigricollis Recorded

Double-collared Seedeater Sporophila caerulescens

Saffron Finch Sicalis flaveola Photographed Recorded

Stripe-tailed Yellow-Finch Sicalis citrina Photographed Recorded

Grassland Sparrow Ammodramus humeralis Photographed Recorded

Rufous-collared Sparrow Zonotrichia capensis

Green-winged Saltator Saltator similis

Black-throated Saltator Saltator atricollis Photographed

Bay-winged Cowbird Molothrus badius Photographed

Shiny Cowbird Molothrus bonariensis

Crested Oropendola Psarocolius decumanus Recorded

Chopi Blackbird Gnorimopsar chopi Photographed Recorded

Hooded Siskin Carduelis magellanica

House Sparrow Passer domesticus Introduced species Photographed

12. Pirapora, Minas Gerais 29th November, 2006

   Near Pirapora, there is a reliable site for the critically endangered endemic Minas Gerais Tyrannulet. Gontijo buses leave Belo Horizonte daily at 7:30, 13:30, 15:15 and midnight, take about 6 hours and cost R55. Buses return from Pirapora at 6:00, 13:30, 15:30, and midnight. I left Belo Horizonte at midnight arrived in the morning, birded for the day and left in the afternoon. There are however several options for hotels, restaurants and also internet. From the number of water birds flying around in the morning, there must be some decent wetlands around the town that maybe worth exploring. Forbe's Blackbird has also been seen recently although I couldn't find any specific information. A morning should sufficient to find the species. It only took me 5 minutes following the details on Arthur Grosset's wonderful homepage http://www.arthurgrosset.com/
   To get to the site, leave town and head for Varzea de Palma and Belo Horizonte. After a couple of roundabouts, the highway officially starts and is signed every km. Just after the 11km marker (which is facing the other way) coming from Pirapora turn left onto a good dirt track. Continue along here for another 5km until you get to a small concrete bridge over a stream. Look high up in the tall trees here. On the left side, in the nearest large tree to the stream the birds had a nest about 12-13m up in the tree in the fork of a branch. They appeared to be feeding chicks here and were being kept very busy.
   I walked from Pirapora (about 18km, not recommended) but much easier would be to hire a moto-taxi to the turn off and walk the last 5km. You could even go all the way but the stretch along from the main road has good birding and I saw Aplomado Falcon, Curl-crested Jay and Narrow-billed Woodcreeper. Many trucks pass along this road to pick up sand further along. A truck picked me up and took me all the way back to Pirapora.
I saw 67 species including 1 lifer

Small-billed Tinamou Crypturellus parvirostris Possibly seen

Great Egret Ardea alba

Black-crowned Night-Heron Nycticorax nycticorax

White-faced Whistling-Duck Dendrocygna viduata

Black Vulture Coragyps atratus

Turkey Vulture Cathartes aura

Rufous-thighed Kite Harpagus diodon Possibly seen

Roadside Hawk Buteo magnirostris

Crested Caracara Caracara cheriway

Yellow-headed Caracara Milvago chimachima

Aplomado Falcon Falco femoralis Photographed Recorded

Red-legged Seriema Cariama cristata Heard only

Southern Lapwing Vanellus chilensis

Rock Pigeon Columba livia Introduced species

Picazuro Pigeon Patagioenas picazuro

Ruddy Ground-Dove Columbina talpacoti

Picui Ground-Dove Columbina picui

White-tipped Dove Leptotila verreauxi Heard only

White-eyed Parakeet Aratinga leucophthalmus

Peach-fronted Parakeet Aratinga aurea

Blue-winged Parrotlet Forpus xanthopterygius Heard only

Yellow-chevroned Parakeet Brotogeris chiriri

Orange-winged Parrot Amazona amazonica Possibly seen

Squirrel Cuckoo Piaya cayana

Smooth-billed Ani Crotophaga ani

Guira Cuckoo Guira guira

Striped Cuckoo Tapera naevia Heard only

Fork-tailed Palm-Swift Tachornis squamata

Swallow-tailed Hummingbird Eupetomena macrourus

White-tailed Goldenthroat Polytmus guainumbi Possibly seen

White-eared Puffbird Nystalus chacuru Heard only

Rufous Hornero Furnarius rufus

Chotoy Spinetail Schoeniophylax phryganophila

Common Thornbird Phacellodomus rufifrons

Narrow-billed Woodcreeper Lepidocolaptes angustirostris Recorded

Sooretama Slaty-Antshrike Thamnophilus ambiguus Endemic Possibly heard

Southern Beardless-Tyrannulet Camptostoma obsoletum

Mouse-colored Tyrannulet Phaeomyias murina

Minas Gerais Tyrannulet Phylloscartes roquettei Endemic Critically endangered Photographed Recorded

Suiriri Flycatcher Suiriri suiriri Possibly seen

Yellow-breasted Flycatcher Tolmomyias flaviventris

Gray Monjita Xolmis cinerea

Cattle Tyrant Machetornis rixosus

Dusky-capped Flycatcher Myiarchus tuberculifer Photographed

Great Kiskadee Pitangus sulphuratus

Boat-billed Flycatcher Megarynchus pitangua

Streaked Flycatcher Myiodynastes maculatus

Crowned Slaty Flycatcher Griseotyrannus aurantioatrocristatus

White-throated Kingbird Tyrannus albogularis

Tropical Kingbird Tyrannus melancholicus

Fork-tailed Flycatcher Tyrannus savana

House Wren Troglodytes aedon

Pale-breasted Thrush Turdus leucomelas

Curl-crested Jay Cyanocorax cristatellus Recorded

Common Waxbill Estrilda astrild Introduced species

Rufous-browed Peppershrike Cyclarhis gujanensis Heard only

Golden-crowned Warbler Basileuterus culicivorus

Hooded Tanager Nemosia pileata

Hepatic Tanager Piranga flava Possibly seen

Sayaca Tanager Thraupis sayaca

Pileated Finch Coryphospingus pileatus

Blue-black Grassquit Volatinia jacarina

Rufous-collared Sparrow Zonotrichia capensis

Shiny Cowbird Molothrus bonariensis

Crested Oropendola Psarocolius decumanus Recorded

Chopi Blackbird Gnorimopsar chopi

House Sparrow Passer domesticus Introduced species

13. Araial do Cabo, Rio de Janeiro 1st December, 2006

Araial do Cabo is a holiday resort just 3 hours away from Rio de Janeiro from where buses leave the main terminal every 2 hours. In between Praia Seca and Araial do Cabo, there is some restinga forest remnants that are the only place where the critically endangered Restinga Antwren is found. Araial do Cabo makes a good base and as it is a popular tourist town has all the amenities. I stayed at the Youth Hostel which was a little expensive at R37-43 but very nice. The habitat is in a supposed protected area which is actually closer to Praia Seca (5-10km) where there is also a few places to stay. Buses or minibuses leave from near the rodoviaria in Araial do Cabo for Figueira averey half an hour to an hour, and take about 25 minutes. Buses also leave from Cabo Frio so you could stay there instead. Buses pass through the small town of Figueira to the other side. The last stop is where the bus pulls in right and circles round a tree. This is convenient as this is very close to where Restinga Antwren can be found.
From the stop, cross the road and follow the track towards the coast on the other side. After a short distance there is a big lake on the left. Look out for White-cheeked Pintail. After this, the track passes between patches of more mature habitat. Look for places with a continuous, shady understory. The birds seem to vocalize much of the time and are not difficult to locate. Be mindful of the birds status before using playback. I found the best thing to do to see them well was to actually go into the undergrowth and let them hop around you. They are fairly curious. Despite the supposed protection of the area, the available habitat appears to be under constant threat from coastal development. The sand there is pure white and walking a bit further on, you can sit overlooking the sea and watch Brown Boobys catch fish.
I saw 35 species including 1 lifer

Brown Booby Sula leucogaster

Neotropic Cormorant Phalacrocorax brasilianus

Magnificent Frigatebird Fregata magnificens

Great Egret Ardea alba

Snowy Egret Egretta thula

White-cheeked Pintail Anas bahamensis Photographed

Black Vulture Coragyps atratus

Turkey Vulture Cathartes aura

Roadside Hawk Buteo magnirostris Heard only

Crested Caracara Caracara cheriway Photographed Recorded

Yellow-headed Caracara Milvago chimachima Photographed

Common Moorhen Gallinula chloropus

Black-necked Stilt Himantopus mexicanus

Southern Lapwing Vanellus chilensis

Lesser Yellowlegs Tringa flavipes

Kelp Gull Larus dominicanus

Rock Pigeon Columba livia Introduced species

Picazuro Pigeon Patagioenas picazuro

Ruddy Ground-Dove Columbina talpacoti

White-tipped Dove Leptotila verreauxi

Smooth-billed Ani Crotophaga ani

Guira Cuckoo Guira guira

Restinga Antwren Formicivora littoralis Endemic Critically ndangered Photographed Recorded

Yellow-bellied Elaenia Elaenia flavogaster Heard only

Masked Water-Tyrant Fluvicola nengeta

Great Kiskadee Pitangus sulphuratus

Tropical Kingbird Tyrannus melancholicus

White-rumped Swallow Tachycineta leucorrhoa

House Wren Troglodytes aedon Heard only

Chalk-browed Mockingbird Mimus saturninus

Bananaquit Coereba flaveola

Brazilian Tanager Ramphocelus bresilius Endemic

Sayaca Tanager Thraupis sayaca

Rufous-collared Sparrow Zonotrichia capensis

House Sparrow Passer domesticus Introduced species

14. Serra dos Orgaos NP, Rio de Janeiro 3rd-5th December, 2006

   This fantastic national park holds more endemic species of birds than any other in Brazil. It is best accessed from Teresopolis which is easily reached from Rio by hourly buses taking just an hour and a half. The cheapest place to stay is in the centre of the city but there are many other more expensive places closer to the entrance to the park. The posada in the park seems to be closed for reconstruction but it is still possible to camp for a small fee. From the centre you can take a local bus towards ‘Alto’ (when it turns off the main road, get off and keep walking straight to the entrance) or ‘Soberba’ which will drop you by the entrance. The ticket office to the park opens at 8am and after that you can buy your ticket (3R) and enter.
   After the entrance, I saw Maroon-bellied Parakeets, Brown & Azure-shouldered Tanagers, Red-crowned Spinetail and Yellow-legged Thrush. The first short trail on the left is the Primavera trail where I saw Grey-hooded Flycatcher and Unicolored Finch. Further up the Mozart trail had Hooded Berryeater and at the top, the Bridge trail (a an excellent, raised metal platform through the forest) had, Grey-headed Attila, Blue Manakin and Surucua Trogon. The road ends at a car park and a dam forms a small lake at about 1,100m altitude. To the left, the Pedro da Sino trail starts but you need to specify that you will go here when you buy you ticket. You have to sign a disclaimer and pay a bit extra (8R), but it’s worth it. There is a big tree fall near the start which you have to walk around, then you go through a nice area of bamboo and over a couple of small bridges. On this lower section, I saw Spot-winged Wood-Quail, White-rimmed Warbler, Planalto Slaty-Antshrike, Bare-throated Bellbird (heard only), Blue-billed Black-Tyrant, Sharpbill and Black-and-gold Cotinga. Where the trail comes out into a more open area with a nice view over the trees I saw a pair of Swallow-tailed Cotinga fly into the top branches of a tree and sit there motionlessly. Make sure you scan all the top branches. The trail continues up to a campsite at about 1600m (Mouse-colored Tapaculo). This section of the trail had Bay-chested Warbling Finch, Rufous-backed Antvireo, Serro do Mar Tyrannulet, Diademed Tanager, Rufous-tailed Antbird and Plumbeus Pigeon. Camping here for a night might be a good idea to be able to bird higher elevations nice and early.
   Apart from the Teresopolis entrance, there is another entrance lower down back towards Rio called ‘Sub-sede’. Another place is called Garrafao which is famous for being the place where the critically endangered Kinglet Calyptura was rediscovered and never seen again. Coming from Teresopolis back towards Rio, there is a signed left turning at km 94 just before a gas station. Buses from the terminal at Teresopolis to ‘Guapi’ pass the turning and can drop you off. Walk along the small road past a few small patches of forest where I saw Spot-breasted Antvireo, Salvadori’s Antwren and Green-headed Tanager. A fork in the road is where the calyptura was seen. Of course I didn’t see it. I saw Plain and Maroon-bellied Parakeets here and taking the right fork further down at a nice house Blond-crested Woodpecker and Violet-crowned Woodnymph. The road winds steeply down and crosses a small stream with Sharp-tailed Streamcreeper. Further down still there is a trampled fence after some buildings on the left and then the track enters nice forest. It comes out lower down at an IBAMA sign saying no entry so I’m not sure whether you it is allowed to bird there or not. There is no sign entering from above. If you carry on walking down, the road meets another which goes all the way down to Guapi.
I saw 102 species including 22 lifers

Tataupa Tinamou Crypturellus tataupa Possibly heard

Black Vulture Coragyps atratus

Roadside Hawk Buteo magnirostris Heard only

Spot-winged Wood-Quail Odontophorus capueira

Southern Lapwing Vanellus chilensis

Rock Pigeon Columba livia Introduced species

Plumbeous Pigeon Patagioenas plumbea Recorded

White-tipped Dove Leptotila verreauxi

Gray-fronted Dove Leptotila rufaxilla Possibly heard

Blue-winged Macaw Primolius maracana Vulnerable

White-eyed Parakeet Aratinga leucophthalmus

Maroon-bellied Parakeet Pyrrhura frontalis Photographed Recorded

Plain Parakeet Brotogeris tirica Endemic Photographed Recorded

Yellow-chevroned Parakeet Brotogeris chiriri

Scaly-headed Parrot Pionus maximiliani Recorded

Squirrel Cuckoo Piaya cayana

Sooty Swift Cypseloides fumigatus Possibly seen

Great Dusky Swift Cypseloides senex

White-collared Swift Streptoprocne zonaris

Gray-rumped Swift Chaetura cinereiventris Possibly seen

Scale-throated Hermit Phaethornis eurynome Recorded

Sombre Hummingbird Campylopterus cirrochloris Endemic Possibly seen

Swallow-tailed Hummingbird Eupetomena macrourus

Glittering-bellied Emerald Chlorostilbon aureoventris

Violet-capped Woodnymph Thalurania glaucopis Photographed

White-throated Hummingbird Leucochloris albicollis

Sapphire-spangled Emerald Polyerata lactea

Brazilian Ruby Clytolaema rubricauda Endemic

Surucua Trogon Trogon surrucura Photographed Recorded

White-barred Piculet Picumnus cirratus

Little Woodpecker Veniliornis passerinus Recorded

Blond-crested Woodpecker Celeus flavescens Photographed Recorded

Rufous-capped Spinetail Synallaxis ruficapilla Recorded

Streaked Xenops Xenops rutilans

Sharp-tailed Streamcreeper Lochmias nematura Photographed Recorded

Olivaceous Woodcreeper Sittasomus griseicapillus

Wedge-billed Woodcreeper Glyphorynchus spirurus

White-throated Woodcreeper Xiphocolaptes albicollis

Scaled Woodcreeper Lepidocolaptes squamatus

Planalto Slaty-Antshrike Thamnophilus pelzelni Endemic

Spot-breasted Antvireo Dysithamnus stictothorax Endemic Near-threatened Photographed

Plain Antvireo Dysithamnus mentalis

Rufous-backed Antvireo Dysithamnus xanthopterus Endemic Recorded

Salvadori's Antwren Myrmotherula minor Endemic Vulnerable Photographed Recorded?

Rufous-tailed Antbird Drymophila genei Endemic Near-threatened Photographed Recorded

Brazilian Antthrush Chamaeza ruficauda Endemic Recorded

Variegated Antpitta Grallaria varia Heard only

Mouse-colored Tapaculo Scytalopus speluncae Recorded

Sharpbill Oxyruncus cristatus

Swallow-tailed Cotinga Phibalura flavirostris Near-threatened Photographed

Black-and-gold Cotinga Tijuca atra Endemic Near-threatened Photographed Recorded

Hooded Berryeater Carpornis cucullatus Endemic Near-threatened Photographed Recorded

Bare-throated Bellbird Procnias nudicollis Near-threatened Heard only Recorded

White-bearded Manakin Manacus manacus Recorded

Blue Manakin Chiroxiphia caudata Photographed Recorded

Gray-hooded Flycatcher Mionectes rufiventris Recorded

Sepia-capped Flycatcher Leptopogon amaurocephalus

Serra do Mar Tyrannulet Phylloscartes difficilis Endemic Near-threatened Photographed Recorded

Mottle-cheeked Tyrannulet Phylloscartes ventralis Recorded

Yellow-olive Flycatcher Tolmomyias sulphurescens

Euler's Flycatcher Lathrotriccus euleri Possibly seen Recorded?

Blue-billed Black-Tyrant Knipolegus cyanirostris

Gray-hooded Attila Attila rufus Endemic Photographed Recorded

Great Kiskadee Pitangus sulphuratus

Boat-billed Flycatcher Megarynchus pitangua Heard only

Social Flycatcher Myiozetetes similis Recorded

Streaked Flycatcher Myiodynastes maculatus Photographed

Variegated Flycatcher Empidonomus varius

Tropical Kingbird Tyrannus melancholicus

Chestnut-crowned Becard Pachyramphus castaneus Possibly seen

Blue-and-white Swallow Notiochelidon cyanoleuca

Southern Rough-winged Swallow Stelgidopteryx ruficollis

House Wren Troglodytes aedon

Yellow-legged Thrush Platycichla flavipes

Rufous-bellied Thrush Turdus rufiventris Recorded

Pale-breasted Thrush Turdus leucomelas

Rufous-crowned Greenlet Hylophilus poicilotis Photographed Recorded

Rufous-browed Peppershrike Cyclarhis gujanensis Heard only Recorded

Golden-crowned Warbler Basileuterus culicivorus Photographed Recorded

White-rimmed Warbler Basileuterus leucoblepharus Photographed Recorded

Bananaquit Coereba flaveola

Brown Tanager Orchesticus abeillei Endemic Near-threatened

Yellow-backed Tanager Hemithraupis flavicollis

Flame-crested Tanager Tachyphonus cristatus

White-lined Tanager Tachyphonus rufus Recorded

Black-goggled Tanager Trichothraupis melanops Recorded

Sayaca Tanager Thraupis sayaca

Azure-shouldered Tanager Thraupis cyanoptera Endemic Near-threatened Photographed

Golden-chevroned Tanager Thraupis ornata Endemic Photographed

Diademed Tanager Stephanophorus diadematus Recorded

Fawn-breasted Tanager Pipraeidea melanonota

Violaceous Euphonia Euphonia violacea

Green-headed Tanager Tangara seledon

Brassy-breasted Tanager Tangara desmaresti Endemic Photographed Recorded

Bay-chested Warbling-Finch Poospiza thoracica Endemic Photographed Recorded

Blue-black Grassquit Volatinia jacarina Possibly heard

Uniform Finch Haplospiza unicolor Photographed Recorded

Saffron Finch Sicalis flaveola

Green-winged Saltator Saltator similis

Yellow-green Grosbeak Caryothraustes canadensis Heard only

Red-rumped Cacique Cacicus haemorrhous Photographed Recorded

House Sparrow Passer domesticus Introduced species

15. Angra dos Reis area, Rio de Janeiro 6th-7th December, 2006

The endangered endemic Black-hooded Antwren has been found at a few sites near Angra dos Reis. I check 2 sites: Ariro and Pereque, finding it only at the latter where is was easy. Angra dos Reis is a large town and makes a good base to explore. Costa Verde buses leave the terminal in Rio every hour, cost 31R and take about 2 and a half hours. In Angra, I stayed at Hotel Jaques in the centre for just 20R. Senor do Bonfim buses leave for Pereque on the waterfront in the centre about every half hour. They take about an hour and a half to Pereque and just 25 minutes to Ariro. The flat fare is 1.90R. The bus stop for Ariro is just after the km493 marker and there is some forest on the left side of the road although it is a bit difficult to get into. There is a right turn into Ariro which seems to be just a few houses then a bit further on, a left turn at the river which leads onto some nice forest edge. Around here I saw Yellow Tyrannulet, Lemon-chested Greenlet, Green-headed Tanager and Blue Dacnis. Back on the main road, there are some mangroves you can access at a bridge about 1km before Ariro and a couple of kms after Ariro there is a left turn to some condominiums where I saw Black Jacobin. I didn’t find Black-hodded Antwren despite trying playback in the whole area.
It was much easier to find the species at Pereque. Take the same bus as to Ariro but stay on until the last stop. Pereque is after the big nuclear power station. The bus enters the town and goes all the way through, turns right and stops across from the football pitch described on www.arthurgrosset.com . Here turn left and head out of town. The first part of this road had Red-necked Tanager, Ruby-crowned Tanager and Blue Ground-Dove. After the last house, the road curves to the right and the overhead wire crosses from the left side of the road to the right and back again. A short distance along here, about 50m before the wire crosses to the right again, I saw Black-hooded Antwren in the roadside secondary forest. They seem very vocal calling much of the time and they are fairly responsive to playback, especially the first time. They seem to like the shady, tangly undergrowth. In this area I also saw Swallow-tailed and Rufous-thighed Kite.
I saw 63 species including 3 lifers

Magnificent Frigatebird Fregata magnificens

Great Egret Ardea alba

Snowy Egret Egretta thula

Striated Heron Butorides striata

Black Vulture Coragyps atratus Photographed Recorded

Swallow-tailed Kite Elanoides forficatus

Rufous-thighed Kite Harpagus diodon Photographed

Yellow-headed Caracara Milvago chimachima Recorded

Southern Lapwing Vanellus chilensis

Rock Pigeon Columba livia Introduced species

Picazuro Pigeon Patagioenas picazuro

Ruddy Ground-Dove Columbina talpacoti

Blue Ground-Dove Claravis pretiosa Heard only Recorded

White-tipped Dove Leptotila verreauxi Heard only

Gray-fronted Dove Leptotila rufaxilla Possibly heard

Blue-winged Parrotlet Forpus xanthopterygius

Squirrel Cuckoo Piaya cayana

Smooth-billed Ani Crotophaga ani

Striped Cuckoo Tapera naevia Heard only

Swallow-tailed Hummingbird Eupetomena macrourus

Black Jacobin Florisuga fuscus

Black-throated Mango Anthracothorax nigricollis

Glittering-bellied Emerald Chlorostilbon aureoventris

Ringed Kingfisher Ceryle torquatus

Yellow-chinned Spinetail Certhiaxis cinnamomea

Olivaceous Woodcreeper Sittasomus griseicapillus

Chestnut-backed Antshrike Thamnophilus palliatus Heard only

Black-hooded Antwren Formicivora erythronotos Endemic Endangered Photographed Recorded

White-breasted Tapaculo Scytalopus indigoticus Endemic Near-threatened Heard only

White-bearded Manakin Manacus manacus

Yellow Tyrannulet Capsiempis flaveola

Yellow-bellied Elaenia Elaenia flavogaster Heard only

Masked Water-Tyrant Fluvicola nengeta

Long-tailed Tyrant Colonia colonus

Cattle Tyrant Machetornis rixosus

Great Kiskadee Pitangus sulphuratus

Boat-billed Flycatcher Megarynchus pitangua

Social Flycatcher Myiozetetes similis

Tropical Kingbird Tyrannus melancholicus

Brown-chested Martin Progne tapera

Gray-breasted Martin Progne chalybea

Blue-and-white Swallow Notiochelidon cyanoleuca

Southern Rough-winged Swallow Stelgidopteryx ruficollis

House Wren Troglodytes aedon

Chalk-browed Mockingbird Mimus saturninus

Rufous-bellied Thrush Turdus rufiventris

Lemon-chested Greenlet Hylophilus thoracicus

Bananaquit Coereba flaveola

Ruby-crowned Tanager Tachyphonus coronatus

White-lined Tanager Tachyphonus rufus Possibly seen

Brazilian Tanager Ramphocelus bresilius Endemic Recorded

Sayaca Tanager Thraupis sayaca

Palm Tanager Thraupis palmarum

Green-headed Tanager Tangara seledon

Red-necked Tanager Tangara cyanocephala Photographed

Blue Dacnis Dacnis cayana

Blue-black Grassquit Volatinia jacarina Heard only

Double-collared Seedeater Sporophila caerulescens

Saffron Finch Sicalis flaveola

Rufous-collared Sparrow Zonotrichia capensis

Buff-throated Saltator Saltator maximus

Shiny Cowbird Molothrus bonariensis

House Sparrow Passer domesticus Introduced species

16. Itatiaia NP, Rio de Janeiro 8th-9th December, 2006

   Itatiaia is between Rio de Janeiro and Sao Paolo. Many buses pass and may agree to drop you here but may charge you the full fare between these cities. Cidade do Aco has direct buses from the terminal in Rio, but only a few. One leaves about 2pm and another at 18:05. It takes about 3 and a half hours and costs R21. A return bus leaves across from the Rodoviaria in Itatiaia at 15:00. The best place to stay would be at one of the expensive hotels up in the park, like Ype or Simon. Itatiaia has a cheap hotel though and also a bus up into the park so you can visit for the day very easily. When you arrive at the 'rodoviaria' in Itatiaia, cross over the footbridge (passarella), turn right and walk west along the edge of the highway. After about 500m there are a couple of small restaurants, the second which also has some rooms. It's called Pousada Isa but the sign only says 'Pousada'. It is R25 for a basic (not so nice) single room including breakfast which you can eat in the restaurant from about 6am onwards. The bus up to the park leaves at 7am from near the footbridge. Go past this and you will see a bus stop in front of a gas station. This is the stop for the bus back to Rio but not to the park. Walk on about 20m and wait at the bus stop on the road coming out. It takes about 30 minutes to get up to the park and costs just R1.90. This is the bus that the workers in the park and various hotels and shops take up every morning. Get off the front of the bus at the barrier, buy you ticket into the park and get back on.
   There are several places you could get off the bus. First you pass the IBAMA buildings across from which I saw Red-breasted Toucan and Dusky-legged Guans. The visitors centre is a further up and from here there is a trail going to Lago Azul, which I wasn't able to locate. The forest around here has some nice birding though and I saw Euler’s Flycatcher. Above this I saw possible Brown-backed Parrotlets flying over in the late morning. One place further up worth spending a day birding is the Tres Picos trail which starts at Hotel Simon. Stay on the bus until the last stop and follow the beginning of the trail across from this huge hotel. It takes a few hours to get to the top but there is a great view. There are also some nice cascades about half way up. Birds seen along this trail included Black Hawk-Eagle, White-throated Hummingbird, Buff-browed & Black-capped Foliage-gleaners, Rufous-tailed Attila, Rufous-tailed Antbird, Fawn-breasted Tanager and Thick-billed Saltator.
   I also planned to bird the jeep trail described in Wheatley's guide but this no longer seems open to the public. There is a security guard there to stop people going up. Ask at the IBAMA office if you want to find out about going up here. The guard will not let you past. To reach the beginning of this trail, get off the bus and carry straight on instead of turning up the hill to Hotel Simon. This low road passes the entrance to Hotel Ype and ends at a car park (Magpie Tnager) from where you can walk up trails to some waterfalls. It is worth walking all the way to the car park, or back down as it has excellent birding. Along here I saw Black Jacobin, Ferruginous Antbird, Black-billed Scythebill, Yellow-browed Woodpecker, Spot-breasted Antvireo, White-browed Foliage-gleamer and Scaled Woodcreeper. The trail to the waterfall before the bridge over the river had Olive-green and Chestnut-headed Tanager, Sharp-billed Treehunter and Blue-billed Black-Tyrant.
I saw 116 species including 9 lifers

Brown Tinamou Crypturellus obsoletus Heard only

Tataupa Tinamou Crypturellus tataupa Possibly heard

Cattle Egret Bubulcus ibis

Black Vulture Coragyps atratus

Turkey Vulture Cathartes aura

Roadside Hawk Buteo magnirostris

Black Hawk-Eagle Spizaetus tyrannus

Dusky-legged Guan Penelope obscura Photographed Recorded

Southern Lapwing Vanellus chilensis

Rock Pigeon Columba livia Introduced species

Picazuro Pigeon Patagioenas picazuro

Plumbeous Pigeon Patagioenas plumbea Recorded

Ruddy Ground-Dove Columbina talpacoti

White-tipped Dove Leptotila verreauxi Heard only

Gray-fronted Dove Leptotila rufaxilla Possibly seen

White-eyed Parakeet Aratinga leucophthalmus

Maroon-bellied Parakeet Pyrrhura frontalis Recorded

Blue-winged Parrotlet Forpus xanthopterygius

Yellow-chevroned Parakeet Brotogeris chiriri Possibly seen

Brown-backed Parrotlet Touit melanonota Endemic Endangered Possibly seen Recorded

Scaly-headed Parrot Pionus maximiliani Photographed Recorded?

Squirrel Cuckoo Piaya cayana Heard only

Guira Cuckoo Guira guira

Ashy-tailed Swift Chaetura andrei Recorded

Planalto Hermit Phaethornis pretrei Possibly seen

Swallow-tailed Hummingbird Eupetomena macrourus

Black Jacobin Florisuga fuscus

Glittering-bellied Emerald Chlorostilbon aureoventris Recorded

Violet-capped Woodnymph Thalurania glaucopis

White-throated Hummingbird Leucochloris albicollis

Surucua Trogon Trogon surrucura Photographed

Red-breasted Toucan Ramphastos dicolorus Photographed Recorded

White-barred Piculet Picumnus cirratus

Yellow-browed Woodpecker Piculus aurulentus Near-threatened

Rufous-capped Spinetail Synallaxis ruficapilla Recorded

Pallid Spinetail Cranioleuca pallida Endemic

Sharp-billed Treehunter Heliobletus contaminatus Photographed Recorded

White-browed Foliage-gleaner Anabacerthia amaurotis Near-threatened

Buff-browed Foliage-gleaner Syndactyla rufosuperciliata Recorded

Pale-browed Treehunter Cichlocolaptes leucophrus Endemic

Black-capped Foliage-gleaner Philydor atricapillus Recorded

White-collared Foliage-gleaner Anabazenops fuscus Endemic Photographed

Thrush-like Woodcreeper Dendrocincla turdina

Olivaceous Woodcreeper Sittasomus griseicapillus Recorded

Lesser Woodcreeper Xiphorhynchus fuscus

Scaled Woodcreeper Lepidocolaptes squamatus Photographed

Black-billed Scythebill Campylorhamphus falcularius Photographed

Spot-backed Antshrike Hypoedaleus guttatus Possibly seen

Spot-breasted Antvireo Dysithamnus stictothorax Endemic Near-threatened Recorded

Plain Antvireo Dysithamnus mentalis

Ferruginous Antbird Drymophila ferruginea Endemic Recorded

Rufous-tailed Antbird Drymophila genei Endemic Near-threatened Photographed Recorded

Streak-capped Antwren Terenura maculata

White-shouldered Fire-eye Pyriglena leucoptera Recorded

Brazilian Antthrush Chamaeza ruficauda Endemic Heard only

Such's Antthrush Chamaeza meruloides Endemic Heard only Recorded

Black-and-gold Cotinga Tijuca atra Endemic Near-threatened Heard only Recorded

Blue Manakin Chiroxiphia caudata Recorded

Southern Beardless-Tyrannulet Camptostoma obsoletum

Sepia-capped Flycatcher Leptopogon amaurocephalus

Yellow-olive Flycatcher Tolmomyias sulphurescens Recorded

Gray-crowned Flycatcher Tolmomyias poliocephalus Recorded

White-throated Spadebill Platyrinchus mystaceus Recorded

Euler's Flycatcher Lathrotriccus euleri Recorded

Blue-billed Black-Tyrant Knipolegus cyanirostris

Masked Water-Tyrant Fluvicola nengeta

Rufous-tailed Attila Attila phoenicurus Recorded

Gray-hooded Attila Attila rufus Endemic Heard only Recorded

Sirystes Sirystes sibilator

Great Kiskadee Pitangus sulphuratus

Boat-billed Flycatcher Megarynchus pitangua Heard only

Streaked Flycatcher Myiodynastes maculatus

Variegated Flycatcher Empidonomus varius

Tropical Kingbird Tyrannus melancholicus

Fork-tailed Flycatcher Tyrannus savana

Chestnut-crowned Becard Pachyramphus castaneus

Crested Becard Pachyramphus validus

Gray-breasted Martin Progne chalybea

Blue-and-white Swallow Notiochelidon cyanoleuca

Southern Rough-winged Swallow Stelgidopteryx ruficollis

House Wren Troglodytes aedon

Chalk-browed Mockingbird Mimus saturninus

Rufous-bellied Thrush Turdus rufiventris

Pale-breasted Thrush Turdus leucomelas Recorded

Curl-crested Jay Cyanocorax cristatellus

Rufous-crowned Greenlet Hylophilus poicilotis

Golden-crowned Warbler Basileuterus culicivorus

White-rimmed Warbler Basileuterus leucoblepharus Heard only

Bananaquit Coereba flaveola

Brown Tanager Orchesticus abeillei Endemic Near-threatened Recorded

Magpie Tanager Cissopis leveriana

Chestnut-headed Tanager Pyrrhocoma ruficeps

Rufous-headed Tanager Hemithraupis ruficapilla Endemic

Olive-green Tanager Orthogonys chloricterus Endemic

Ruby-crowned Tanager Tachyphonus coronatus

Black-goggled Tanager Trichothraupis melanops

Red-crowned Ant-Tanager Habia rubica Recorded

Sayaca Tanager Thraupis sayaca

Golden-chevroned Tanager Thraupis ornata Endemic Recorded

Palm Tanager Thraupis palmarum

Diademed Tanager Stephanophorus diadematus Photographed

Fawn-breasted Tanager Pipraeidea melanonota

Green-headed Tanager Tangara seledon

Brassy-breasted Tanager Tangara desmaresti Endemic

Gilt-edged Tanager Tangara cyanoventris Endemic

Swallow-Tanager Tersina viridis Photographed

Blue-black Grassquit Volatinia jacarina

Temminck's Seedeater Sporophila falcirostris Endemic Vulnerable Heard only Recorded

Double-collared Seedeater Sporophila caerulescens

White-bellied Seedeater Sporophila leucoptera

Saffron Finch Sicalis flaveola

Rufous-collared Sparrow Zonotrichia capensis

Thick-billed Saltator Saltator maxillosus Recorded

Shiny Cowbird Molothrus bonariensis

Red-rumped Cacique Cacicus haemorrhous Recorded

House Sparrow Passer domesticus Introduced species

17. Bonito & Miranda, Mato Grosso do Sul 11th-13th December, 2006

   I visited these sites in Mato Grosso do Sul state in search of the Hyacinth Macaw. There are supposedly a few near the town of Bonito but I don't think this is such a good place to look for them. If you want to have a go, I was told there are a few at Rio de Peixe which is over 30km away. It can be visited on a tour organized through the Youth Hostel or other agencies. The price I was quoted was 120R for a taxi and 67R per person for a guided tour. There are apparently other things to see like waterfalls. The owner puts out food which attracts a few macaw species.
   I did a bit of birding near town and saw Undulated Tinamou, Red-legged Seriema, Burrowing Owl, Aplomado Falcon, Purplish Jay, Black-tailed Tityra & Chestnut-eared Aracari. The Youth Hostel is very nice and only 25R per person. The Hotel Muito Bonito also sounds nice at 40R per person. Bonito is reached by Cruceiro do Sul bus from Campo Grande taking 5 hours.
   After failing to see Hyacinth Macaw in Bonito, I moved to Miranda which I also reached in a Cruceiro do Sul bus leaving at 6am, taking 3 hours and costing 20R. In Miranda, there are a number of hotels just along from the office towards the Campo Grande-Corumba road. The cheapest was Hotel Diogo which was just 20R with breakfast. There is a nice lodge just 36km from Mrianda where you can see Hyacinth Macaws called Reserva Ecologica Caiman (67 3242 1450). To get there, go North at the roundabout on the main road. This is right coming from Campo Grande, left from Corumba and straight coming from Miranda. This road goes onto another town, but after a few hundred metres, turn left onto a gravel road at the signs for 'Caiman'. It is 36km away but possible to hitch some of the way. You need to contact them beforehand to arrange your accompaniment. There were no researchers there when I called so I couldn't get in. I saw the macaws though, along this road within walking distance of the town.
   Just after the turn there is a small stream on the left where I saw Grey-necked Wood-Rail and Narrow-billed Woodcreeper. There are a few houses on the first stretch (look out for Dark-billed Cuckoo in the gardens) and after that open pasture land with scattered trees. I saw Red-and-green Macaws here too. After a couple of kms, there is a sign on the right for 'Estancia Paraiso' and also a turn-off on the left. Ignore these and carry straight on. Further on is a left bend with some forest on the right which was quite birdy. Further still the road crosses a small stream where there is a small marsh (listen for crakes) then another house on the left (Great Rufous Woodcreeper in the garden). After this, the road goes over 2 small wooden bridges (splitting and meeting up again at the second). After this there is an obvious sign on the left which reads 'Chacara, Jesus ea Vida', then a open field on the left, then the place where I saw the Hyacinth Macaws. About 5-6km from Miranda (estimated). It looks like good habitat with open woodland with many palms. I saw 7-9 Hyacinth Macaws here between 9:30 and 10:30. They seem quite quiet in the late morning, sitting quietly on high branches and are probably more active earlier on. Further on, there is good habitat and I saw Greater Rhea with chicks. Close to 'Caiman' there are more mammals. I saw an armadillo and tapir tracks.
I saw 133 species including 1 lifer

Greater Rhea Rhea americana Near-threatened

Undulated Tinamou Crypturellus undulatus Recorded

Neotropic Cormorant Phalacrocorax brasilianus

Whistling Heron Syrigma sibilatrix

Capped Heron Pilherodius pileatus Photographed

Cocoi Heron Ardea cocoi Photographed

Great Egret Ardea alba

Snowy Egret Egretta thula

Cattle Egret Bubulcus ibis

Striated Heron Butorides striata

Rufescent Tiger-Heron Tigrisoma lineatum

Jabiru Jabiru mycteria

Buff-necked Ibis Theristicus caudatus

Bare-faced Ibis Phimosus infuscatus

White-faced Whistling-Duck Dendrocygna viduata

Black-bellied Whistling-Duck Dendrocygna autumnalis

Brazilian Teal Amazonetta brasiliensis Possibly seen

Black Vulture Coragyps atratus

Turkey Vulture Cathartes aura Photographed

Lesser Yellow-headed Vulture Cathartes burrovianus

Plumbeous Kite Ictinia plumbea Photographed

Crane Hawk Geranospiza caerulescens

Savanna Hawk Buteogallus meridionalis

Harris's Hawk Parabuteo unicinctus

Black-collared Hawk Busarellus nigricollis

Roadside Hawk Buteo magnirostris

Black-and-white Hawk-Eagle Spizastur melanoleucus Possibly seen before Campo grande

Crested Caracara Caracara cheriway

American Kestrel Falco sparverius

Aplomado Falcon Falco femoralis

Chaco Chachalaca Ortalis canicollis Recorded

Limpkin Aramus guarauna

Gray-necked Wood-Rail Aramides cajanea

Red-legged Seriema Cariama cristata Photographed Recorded

Wattled Jacana Jacana jacana

Black-necked Stilt Himantopus mexicanus

Southern Lapwing Vanellus chilensis

Solitary Sandpiper Tringa solitaria

Pectoral Sandpiper Calidris melanotos Possibly seen

Large-billed Tern Phaetusa simplex

Rock Pigeon Columba livia Introduced species

Picazuro Pigeon Patagioenas picazuro

Pale-vented Pigeon Patagioenas cayennensis

Eared Dove Zenaida auriculata Possibly seen

Ruddy Ground-Dove Columbina talpacoti Recorded

Picui Ground-Dove Columbina picui

Scaled Dove Columbina squammata

White-tipped Dove Leptotila verreauxi Recorded

Hyacinth Macaw Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus Endangered Photographed Recorded

Red-and-green Macaw Ara chloroptera Recorded

Red-bellied Macaw Orthopsittaca manilata Possibly seen Recorded?

White-eyed Parakeet Aratinga leucophthalmus Recorded

Dusky-headed Parakeet Aratinga weddellii Possibly seen

Peach-fronted Parakeet Aratinga aurea

Nanday Parakeet Nandayus nenday Photographed Recorded

Yellow-chevroned Parakeet Brotogeris chiriri Photographed Recorded

Scaly-headed Parrot Pionus maximiliani Photographed Recorded

Blue-fronted Parrot Amazona aestiva Photographed Recorded

Dark-billed Cuckoo Coccyzus melacoryphus Photographed

Smooth-billed Ani Crotophaga ani Photographed Recorded

Guira Cuckoo Guira guira Photographed Recorded

Striped Cuckoo Tapera naevia Heard only

Burrowing Owl Athene cunicularia

Gilded Sapphire Hylocharis chrysura Recorded?

Surucua Trogon Trogon surrucura

Amazon Kingfisher Chloroceryle amazona

Spot-backed Puffbird Nystalus maculatus Photographed

Chestnut-eared Aracari Pteroglossus castanotis

Toco Toucan Ramphastos toco

White Woodpecker Melanerpes candidus

Checkered Woodpecker Picoides mixtus

Campo Flicker Colaptes campestris

Lineated Woodpecker Dryocopus lineatus

Rufous Hornero Furnarius rufus Photographed Recorded

Yellow-chinned Spinetail Certhiaxis cinnamomea

Common Thornbird Phacellodomus rufifrons Photographed Recorded

Greater Thornbird Phacellodomus ruber

Great Rufous Woodcreeper Xiphocolaptes major

Narrow-billed Woodcreeper Lepidocolaptes angustirostris

Great Antshrike Taraba major Recorded

Barred Antshrike Thamnophilus doliatus Recorded

Southern Beardless-Tyrannulet Camptostoma obsoletum

Southern Scrub-Flycatcher Sublegatus modestus

White-rumped Monjita Xolmis velata

White Monjita Xolmis irupero

Streamer-tailed Tyrant Gubernetes yetapa

Cattle Tyrant Machetornis rixosus

Great Kiskadee Pitangus sulphuratus Recorded

Boat-billed Flycatcher Megarynchus pitangua

Streaked Flycatcher Myiodynastes maculatus

Piratic Flycatcher Legatus leucophaius

Variegated Flycatcher Empidonomus varius

Crowned Slaty Flycatcher Griseotyrannus aurantioatrocristatus Photographed

Tropical Kingbird Tyrannus melancholicus Recorded

White-winged Becard Pachyramphus polychopterus Photographed

Black-tailed Tityra Tityra cayana Photographed

Black-crowned Tityra Tityra inquisitor

Brown-chested Martin Progne tapera Photographed Recorded

Gray-breasted Martin Progne chalybea

Southern Rough-winged Swallow Stelgidopteryx ruficollis Photographed

Thrush-like Wren Campylorhynchus turdinus Recorded

House Wren Troglodytes aedon Recorded

Chalk-browed Mockingbird Mimus saturninus

Rufous-bellied Thrush Turdus rufiventris

Creamy-bellied Thrush Turdus amaurochalinus

Tropical Gnatcatcher Polioptila plumbea

Purplish Jay Cyanocorax cyanomelas Recorded

Rufous-browed Peppershrike Cyclarhis gujanensis

White-shouldered Tanager Tachyphonus luctuosus Recorded

Sayaca Tanager Thraupis sayaca Photographed

Palm Tanager Thraupis palmarum

Swallow-Tanager Tersina viridis

Blue-black Grassquit Volatinia jacarina

Rusty-collared Seedeater Sporophila collaris

Lined Seedeater Sporophila lineola Photographed

White-bellied Seedeater Sporophila leucoptera

Saffron Finch Sicalis flaveola Recorded

Red-crested Cardinal Paroaria coronata

Yellow-billed Cardinal Paroaria capitata

Grassland Sparrow Ammodramus humeralis Recorded

Rufous-collared Sparrow Zonotrichia capensis

Grayish Saltator Saltator coerulescens Recorded

Unicolored Blackbird Agelasticus cyanopus

Bay-winged Cowbird Molothrus badius

Shiny Cowbird Molothrus bonariensis

Giant Cowbird Molothrus oryzivorus

Epaulet Oriole Icterus cayanensis Photographed

Solitary Cacique Cacicus solitarius

Crested Oropendola Psarocolius decumanus

Yellow-rumped Marshbird Pseudoleistes guirahuro

Chopi Blackbird Gnorimopsar chopi

Orange-backed Troupial Icterus croconotus Recorded

House Sparrow Passer domesticus Introduced species

18. Salto do Pirai, near Joinville, Santa Catarina 17th December, 2006

This is one of the sites for the critically endangered Kaemfer’s Tody-Tyrant. Salto do Pirai is a large waterfall and the site is a few kms before it. It is fairly easy to reach cheaply. A bus from the Terminal Urbano in Joinville goes to Vila Nova, an area on the outskirts of town. From here you can take a Mototaxi cheaply. I mistakenly went to Cataratas do Pirai which is a water park. Don’t ask to go here. Instead ask to go to Pirai (e.g. the river or church) or even better ‘Salto do Pirai’. If the driver still doesn’t know, try ‘Recanto dos Cachoeira’. This is a park by the big waterfall but the site is a few kms before. Mototaxis are cheap and it only cost me 7R for the ride to Cataratas do Pirai.
There are a couple of different ways, but if you go through the village of Pirai, you should go past a church and over a couple of rivers. These are popular bathing spots. After the first bridge, there is a sign at a right turn to ‘Parque Ecologico Caminos dos Aguas’. Don’t go right but instead go straight on towards ‘Recanto dos Cachoeira, 6km’. Go over the second bridge and then past an open area before getting to a T-junction where you turn right. Here you can see the waterfall in the distance. After this there are a couple of houses set right back from the road but look instead for houses on the left right next to the road. After the second house, there is a black wooden gate which is closed with just a piece of wire. On the left side of the gate is a kind of ornamental garden. Go through the gate and along for about 5 minutes before getting to the river. The river is only narrow, so you can just jump across. On the other side is a kind of open area with a few patches of trees raised up like islands. There is a boggy, grassy strip between these and the forest which Kaempfer’s apparently crosses several times a day. I didn’t see it but arrived a little late. Interesting species in this area were Chicli (Spix’s) Spinetail, Yellow-lored Tody-Flycatcher and White-shouldered Fire-eye. The following site maybe better for this species.
I saw 66 species including 0 lifers

Snowy Egret Egretta thula

Bare-faced Ibis Phimosus infuscatus Photographed

White-faced Ibis Plegadis chihi

White-faced Whistling-Duck Dendrocygna viduata Photographed

Brazilian Teal Amazonetta brasiliensis

Black Vulture Coragyps atratus

Turkey Vulture Cathartes aura

Roadside Hawk Buteo magnirostris Recorded

Yellow-headed Caracara Milvago chimachima Heard only

Chachalaca sp Ortalis Heard only Recorded

Gray-necked Wood-Rail Aramides cajanea

Wattled Jacana Jacana jacana Recorded

Black-necked Stilt Himantopus mexicanus

Southern Lapwing Vanellus chilensis Photographed Recorded

South American Snipe Gallinago paraguaiae

Lesser Yellowlegs Tringa flavipes

Rock Pigeon Columba livia Introduced species

Ruddy Ground-Dove Columbina talpacoti

Plain Parakeet Brotogeris tirica Endemic Recorded

Smooth-billed Ani Crotophaga ani

Guira Cuckoo Guira guira

Ashy-tailed Swift Chaetura andrei

Sapphire-spangled Emerald Polyerata lactea

Ringed Kingfisher Ceryle torquatus

Campo Flicker Colaptes campestris Recorded

Rufous Hornero Furnarius rufus

Chicli Spinetail Synallaxis spixi Recorded

Yellow-chinned Spinetail Certhiaxis cinnamomea

White-shouldered Fire-eye Pyriglena leucoptera Recorded

White-breasted Tapaculo Scytalopus indigoticus Endemic Near-threatened Heard only Recorded

Blue Manakin Chiroxiphia caudata Heard only

Southern Scrub-Flycatcher Sublegatus modestus

Yellow-lored Tody-Flycatcher Todirostrum poliocephalum Endemic Photographed Recorded

Yellow-olive Flycatcher Tolmomyias sulphurescens Recorded

Cattle Tyrant Machetornis rixosus

Great Kiskadee Pitangus sulphuratus

Boat-billed Flycatcher Megarynchus pitangua Heard only

Streaked Flycatcher Myiodynastes maculatus Recorded

Piratic Flycatcher Legatus leucophaius

Variegated Flycatcher Empidonomus varius

Tropical Kingbird Tyrannus melancholicus

Fork-tailed Flycatcher Tyrannus savana Photographed

Brown-chested Martin Progne tapera Photographed

Gray-breasted Martin Progne chalybea

White-rumped Swallow Tachycineta leucorrhoa

Blue-and-white Swallow Notiochelidon cyanoleuca

Southern Rough-winged Swallow Stelgidopteryx ruficollis

Yellowish Pipit Anthus lutescens Recorded

House Wren Troglodytes aedon

Rufous-bellied Thrush Turdus rufiventris

Creamy-bellied Thrush Turdus amaurochalinus

Common Waxbill Estrilda astrild Introduced species Seen in Joinville Photographed

Red-eyed Vireo Vireo olivaceus

Rufous-crowned Greenlet Hylophilus poicilotis

Rufous-browed Peppershrike Cyclarhis gujanensis Heard only

Golden-crowned Warbler Basileuterus culicivorus Photographed

Bananaquit Coereba flaveola

Ruby-crowned Tanager Tachyphonus coronatus

Green-headed Tanager Tangara seledon

Blue-black Grassquit Volatinia jacarina

Rusty-collared Seedeater Sporophila collaris Possibly seen

Saffron Finch Sicalis flaveola Photographed

Rufous-collared Sparrow Zonotrichia capensis

White-browed Blackbird Sturnella superciliaris Photographed

Shiny Cowbird Molothrus bonariensis

House Sparrow Passer domesticus Introduced species

19. Reserva Volta Velha, near Itapoa, Santa Catarina 18th December, 2006

This excellent private reserve is located just a few kms from Itapoa, a seaside resort in Santa Catarina state. I visited on a day trip from Joinville from where there is a direct bus, but it would be better to stay in Itapoa or even better in the reserve itself. The bus from Joinville left at 9:30am cost 13R and took about an hour and a half. I found the reserve following the instructions on www.arthurgrosset.com which were however for people with their own car. The bus driver hadn't heard of the reserve but one of the passengers had. The bus reaches the coast before Itapoa, goes left and then doubles back towards the right. On the website it says the name of the reserve is painted on a wall after several kms but I found that there was a poster instead. The road takes a right at the poster, then left straight away. For the reserve don't go left but instead straight ahead, away from the sea. After 3km you get to a bridge over a small river, then past some cleared land with young palmito palms planted. The road ends at the reserve where there are some buildings.
When I got there (about midday) there was nobody at the reception but a worker approached me. He was very friendly and said it was no problem entering the reserve as long as they knew I was there and when I left (for safety reasons). Follow the signs towards the trails and then left at a house with a huge grass roof. This track goes through palmito, then excellent forest but there were many mosquitoes when I was there. I only birded a few hours in the middle of the day but still saw some good birds like Azure Jay, Unicolored Antwren, Mouse-colored Tapaculo and Restinga Tyrannulet, and heard Yellow-legged Tinamou and Bare-throated Bellbird. At the spot described for Kaempfer's Tody-Tyrant (1.2km into the forest, just before the river and a few hundred metres further on) I heard some strange nasal calls that could have been the bird. The reserve is definately worth birding at least a couple of mornings, preferably when there are fewer mosquitos.
I saw 71 species including 3 lifers

Yellow-legged Tinamou Crypturellus noctivagus Endemic Near-threatened Heard only Recorded

Magnificent Frigatebird Fregata magnificens

Cattle Egret Bubulcus ibis

Muscovy Duck Cairina moschata Photographed

Black Vulture Coragyps atratus

Turkey Vulture Cathartes aura

Rufous-thighed Kite Harpagus diodon

Roadside Hawk Buteo magnirostris Heard only

Yellow-headed Caracara Milvago chimachima

Rusty-margined Guan Penelope superciliaris

Ash-throated Crake Porzana albicollis Possibly seen

Wattled Jacana Jacana jacana

Southern Lapwing Vanellus chilensis

Kelp Gull Larus dominicanus

Ruddy Ground-Dove Columbina talpacoti

Plain Parakeet Brotogeris tirica Endemic

Squirrel Cuckoo Piaya cayana Heard only

Smooth-billed Ani Crotophaga ani

Guira Cuckoo Guira guira Heard only

Burrowing Owl Athene cunicularia

Ashy-tailed Swift Chaetura andrei

Violet-capped Woodnymph Thalurania glaucopis

Versicolored Emerald Agyrtria versicolor

Sapphire-spangled Emerald Polyerata lactea

Surucua Trogon Trogon surrucura

Campo Flicker Colaptes campestris

Blond-crested Woodpecker Celeus flavescens

Rufous Hornero Furnarius rufus

Chicli Spinetail Synallaxis spixi Heard only Recorded

Variable Antshrike Thamnophilus caerulescens

Plain Antvireo Dysithamnus mentalis

Unicolored Antwren Myrmotherula unicolor Endemic Photographed Recorded

White-shouldered Fire-eye Pyriglena leucoptera Heard only

Mouse-colored Tapaculo Scytalopus speluncae Photographed

Bare-throated Bellbird Procnias nudicollis Near-threatened Heard only Recorded

Blue Manakin Chiroxiphia caudata Recorded

Restinga Tyrannulet Phylloscartes kronei Endemic Vulnerable Photographed

Yellow-lored Tody-Flycatcher Todirostrum poliocephalum Endemic

Cattle Tyrant Machetornis rixosus

Gray-hooded Attila Attila rufus Endemic Heard only

Great Kiskadee Pitangus sulphuratus

Boat-billed Flycatcher Megarynchus pitangua Heard only

Streaked Flycatcher Myiodynastes maculatus

Piratic Flycatcher Legatus leucophaius

Variegated Flycatcher Empidonomus varius

Tropical Kingbird Tyrannus melancholicus

Fork-tailed Flycatcher Tyrannus savana

Black-tailed Tityra Tityra cayana

Gray-breasted Martin Progne chalybea

White-rumped Swallow Tachycineta leucorrhoa

Blue-and-white Swallow Notiochelidon cyanoleuca

Southern Rough-winged Swallow Stelgidopteryx ruficollis

House Wren Troglodytes aedon

Rufous-bellied Thrush Turdus rufiventris

Creamy-bellied Thrush Turdus amaurochalinus

Azure Jay Cyanocorax caeruleus Near-threatened Recorded

Red-eyed Vireo Vireo olivaceus

Masked Yellowthroat Geothlypis aequinoctialis

White-bellied Warbler Basileuterus hypoleucus Photographed

Bananaquit Coereba flaveola

Ruby-crowned Tanager Tachyphonus coronatus

Azure-shouldered Tanager Thraupis cyanoptera Endemic Near-threatened

Green-headed Tanager Tangara seledon

Blue-black Grassquit Volatinia jacarina

Double-collared Seedeater Sporophila caerulescens

Saffron Finch Sicalis flaveola

Rufous-collared Sparrow Zonotrichia capensis

White-browed Blackbird Sturnella superciliaris

Shiny Cowbird Molothrus bonariensis

Red-rumped Cacique Cacicus haemorrhous Heard only

House Sparrow Passer domesticus Introduced species

20. Garuva, Santa Catarina 19th December, 2006

The small town of Garuva is on the main highway between Curitiba and Joinville. There are regular buses from Joinville and it only takes half an hour and costs about 7R so there is no real reason to stay in Garuva although there may be a hotel. The first bus leaves Joinville at 5:30am. From Garuva I tried to follow the instructions on the www.arthurgrosset.com homepage. Click on Site Notes, then Santa Catarina. Near town there are some small marshes where Marsh Antbird has been found. Unfortunately the instructions are for drivers in kms from Garuva and it is not so obvious if you are walking or hitching. As in the instruction on the page, from the Rodoviaria in Garuva, head towards Guaratuba and after about 100m turn left at the main junction and follow the road straight out of town, going straight as a die and not left further on. From the Rodoviaria the patches are at 15.5 and 17km.
I started walking at 6am and managed to get on a bus which took me for about the first 5km. When the bus turned round, I got off and continued walking. After several kms there was an area of reeds where I heard Yellow-chinned Spinetail and Rufous-sided Crake and saw Blackish Rail in the nearby rice fields. I don’t think this first patch is the one referred to. After here, the road goes up a hill at a banana plantation. Further, on the left hand side are the 2 patches of reeds with forest in the background. I walked past these and tried some playback with no success. It was getting a bit late though so try and get there earlier and spend more time. I didn`t know these were the patches until it became much more obvious later on when I found no others. The land in this area is a mixture of banana, palmito plantations and rice fields. Further on, the road is flanked by forest patches. The rice fields were quite dry and had only a few waterbirds. Other seasons maybe much more productive. It got very hot by late morning and activity died down quickly and birding was not so good. A car is strongly recommended although hitching is possible along the road. I went as far as the small town of Cubatao. In the notes, it refers to a turning here that leads to good forest.
I saw 84 species including 1 lifer

Yellow-legged Tinamou Crypturellus noctivagus Endemic Near-threatened Heard only Recorded

Whistling Heron Syrigma sibilatrix

Great Egret Ardea alba

Snowy Egret Egretta thula

Black-crowned Night-Heron Nycticorax nycticorax

Rufescent Tiger-Heron Tigrisoma lineatum

Turkey Vulture Cathartes aura

Roadside Hawk Buteo magnirostris

Crested Caracara Caracara cheriway

Blackish Rail Pardirallus nigricans Possibly seen

Wattled Jacana Jacana jacana

Black-necked Stilt Himantopus mexicanus

South American Snipe Gallinago paraguaiae

Solitary Sandpiper Tringa solitaria

Pale-vented Pigeon Patagioenas cayennensis

Ruddy Ground-Dove Columbina talpacoti

White-tipped Dove Leptotila verreauxi Heard only

Plain Parakeet Brotogeris tirica Endemic

Scaly-headed Parrot Pionus maximiliani

Squirrel Cuckoo Piaya cayana

Smooth-billed Ani Crotophaga ani

Guira Cuckoo Guira guira

Striped Cuckoo Tapera naevia Heard only

Burrowing Owl Athene cunicularia

Ashy-tailed Swift Chaetura andrei

Black Jacobin Florisuga fuscus

Black-throated Mango Anthracothorax nigricollis Possibly seen

Violet-capped Woodnymph Thalurania glaucopis Possibly seen

Sapphire-spangled Emerald Polyerata lactea

Surucua Trogon Trogon surrucura Heard only

Ringed Kingfisher Ceryle torquatus

Campo Flicker Colaptes campestris Recorded

Rufous Hornero Furnarius rufus

Chicli Spinetail Synallaxis spixi Heard only

Yellow-chinned Spinetail Certhiaxis cinnamomea Recorded

Variable Antshrike Thamnophilus caerulescens Heard only

White-shouldered Fire-eye Pyriglena leucoptera Heard only

White-breasted Tapaculo Scytalopus indigoticus Endemic Near-threatened Heard only

White-bearded Manakin Manacus manacus Heard only

Blue Manakin Chiroxiphia caudata Heard only

Olivaceous Elaenia Elaenia mesoleuca Possibly seen

Yellow-lored Tody-Flycatcher Todirostrum poliocephalum Endemic Photographed

Yellow-browed Tyrant Satrapa icterophrys

Long-tailed Tyrant Colonia colonus

Gray-hooded Attila Attila rufus Endemic Heard only

Great Kiskadee Pitangus sulphuratus

Social Flycatcher Myiozetetes similis

Streaked Flycatcher Myiodynastes maculatus

Piratic Flycatcher Legatus leucophaius

Tropical Kingbird Tyrannus melancholicus

Fork-tailed Flycatcher Tyrannus savana

Black-tailed Tityra Tityra cayana

Brown-chested Martin Progne tapera

Gray-breasted Martin Progne chalybea

Blue-and-white Swallow Notiochelidon cyanoleuca

Southern Rough-winged Swallow Stelgidopteryx ruficollis

Yellowish Pipit Anthus lutescens Heard only

House Wren Troglodytes aedon

Rufous-bellied Thrush Turdus rufiventris

Creamy-bellied Thrush Turdus amaurochalinus

Azure Jay Cyanocorax caeruleus Near-threatened

Red-eyed Vireo Vireo olivaceus Recorded

Tropical Parula Parula pitiayumi

Masked Yellowthroat Geothlypis aequinoctialis

Bananaquit Coereba flaveola

Ruby-crowned Tanager Tachyphonus coronatus Recorded

Brazilian Tanager Ramphocelus bresilius Endemic

Sayaca Tanager Thraupis sayaca

Palm Tanager Thraupis palmarum

Violaceous Euphonia Euphonia violacea Possibly seen

Red-necked Tanager Tangara cyanocephala

Blue Dacnis Dacnis cayana

Swallow-Tanager Tersina viridis

Red-crested Finch Coryphospingus cucullatus

Blue-black Grassquit Volatinia jacarina

Lined Seedeater Sporophila lineola

Double-collared Seedeater Sporophila caerulescens

Saffron Finch Sicalis flaveola

Grassland Sparrow Ammodramus humeralis

Rufous-collared Sparrow Zonotrichia capensis

White-browed Blackbird Sturnella superciliaris

Shiny Cowbird Molothrus bonariensis

Red-rumped Cacique Cacicus haemorrhous Possibly seen

House Sparrow Passer domesticus Introduced species

Great Egret	Ardea alba
Snowy Egret	Egretta thula	Photographed
Cattle Egret	Bubulcus ibis
Striated Heron	Butorides striata
Brazilian Teal	Amazonetta brasiliensis
Black Vulture	Coragyps atratus
Turkey Vulture	Cathartes aura
Lesser Yellow-headed Vulture	Cathartes burrovianus
Savanna Hawk	Buteogallus meridionalis
Roadside Hawk	Buteo magnirostris	Photographed
Crested Caracara	Caracara cheriway
Yellow-headed Caracara	Milvago chimachima
Limpkin	Aramus guarauna
Purple Gallinule	Porphyrio martinica
Common Moorhen	Gallinula chloropus
Wattled Jacana	Jacana jacana
Southern Lapwing	Vanellus chilensis
Black-bellied Plover	Pluvialis squatarola	Photographed
Semipalmated Plover	Charadrius semipalmatus	Photographed
Wilson's Plover	Charadrius wilsonia	Photographed
Collared Plover	Charadrius collaris
Short-billed Dowitcher	Limnodromus griseus	Photographed
Spotted Sandpiper	Actitis macularia
Willet	Catoptrophorus semipalmatus	Photographed
Ruddy Turnstone	Arenaria interpres	Photographed
Red Knot	Calidris canutus	Photographed
Sanderling	Calidris alba	Photographed
Laughing Gull	Larus atricilla	Photographed
Roseate Tern	Sterna dougallii	Rare/Accidental Photographed
Common Tern	Sterna hirundo	Photographed
Least Tern	Sterna antillarum	Photographed
Black Tern	Chlidonias niger	Rare/Accidental Photographed
Black Skimmer	Rynchops niger	Photographed
Rock Pigeon	Columba livia	Introduced species
Ruddy Ground-Dove	Columbina talpacoti
Scaled Dove	Columbina squammata
Squirrel Cuckoo	Piaya cayana
Greater Ani	Crotophaga major
Smooth-billed Ani	Crotophaga ani
Guira Cuckoo	Guira guira
Fork-tailed Palm-Swift	Tachornis squamata
Blue-crowned Trogon	Trogon curucui
Amazon Kingfisher	Chloroceryle amazona
Green Kingfisher	Chloroceryle americana	Heard only
Spot-backed Puffbird	Nystalus maculatus
Ochraceous Piculet	Picumnus limae	Endemic Vulnerable
Green-barred Woodpecker	Colaptes melanochloros
Pale-legged Hornero	Furnarius leucopus	Possibly seen
Great Antshrike	Taraba major
Common Tody-Flycatcher	Todirostrum cinereum
Yellow-olive Flycatcher	Tolmomyias sulphurescens
Yellow-breasted Flycatcher	Tolmomyias flaviventris	Recorded
Masked Water-Tyrant	Fluvicola nengeta
Cattle Tyrant	Machetornis rixosus
Great Kiskadee	Pitangus sulphuratus
Social Flycatcher	Myiozetetes similis
Tropical Kingbird	Tyrannus melancholicus
Brown-chested Martin	Progne tapera	Possibly seen
Gray-breasted Martin	Progne chalybea
White-winged Swallow	Tachycineta albiventer
Barn Swallow	Hirundo rustica
Yellowish Pipit	Anthus lutescens
House Wren	Troglodytes aedon
Pale-breasted Thrush	Turdus leucomelas
Rufous-browed Peppershrike	Cyclarhis gujanensis
Golden-crowned Warbler	Basileuterus culicivorus
Bananaquit	Coereba flaveola
Sayaca Tanager	Thraupis sayaca
Violaceous Euphonia	Euphonia violacea
House Sparrow	Passer domesticus	Introduced species

Small-billed Tinamou	Crypturellus parvirostris	Possibly heard
Great Egret	Ardea alba	Seen near murici
Snowy Egret	Egretta thula
Black Vulture	Coragyps atratus
Turkey Vulture	Cathartes aura
Roadside Hawk	Buteo magnirostris	Photographed
White-tailed Hawk	Buteo albicaudatus	Photographed
Crested Caracara	Caracara cheriway
Yellow-headed Caracara	Milvago chimachima
American Kestrel	Falco sparverius	Possibly seen
Wattled Jacana	Jacana jacana
Southern Lapwing	Vanellus chilensis	Heard only
Pale-vented Pigeon	Patagioenas cayennensis
Gray-fronted Dove	Leptotila rufaxilla
Jandaya Parakeet	Aratinga jandaya	Endemic Photographed Recorded
Peach-fronted Parakeet	Aratinga aurea	Heard only Recorded
Blue-winged Parrotlet	Forpus xanthopterygius	Seen near murici
Plain Parakeet	Brotogeris tirica	Endemic Heard only Recorded
Blue-headed Parrot	Pionus menstruus	Possibly heard Recorded?
Squirrel Cuckoo	Piaya cayana
Smooth-billed Ani	Crotophaga ani
Guira Cuckoo	Guira guira
Striped Cuckoo	Tapera naevia	Heard only
Pauraque	Nyctidromus albicollis	Recorded
Planalto Hermit	Phaethornis pretrei	Recorded
Reddish Hermit	Phaethornis ruber	Photographed Recorded
Swallow-tailed Hummingbird	Eupetomena macrourus	Seen near murici
Blue-crowned Motmot	Momotus momota
Black-necked Aracari	Pteroglossus aracari	Recorded
Channel-billed Toucan	Ramphastos vitellinus	Possibly heard
Golden-spangled Piculet	Picumnus exilis
Red-stained Woodpecker	Veniliornis affinis	Photographed Recorded
Lineated Woodpecker	Dryocopus lineatus	Recorded
Rufous Hornero	Furnarius rufus	Possibly seen
Common Thornbird	Phacellodomus rufifrons
Plain Xenops	Xenops minutus
Lesser Woodcreeper	Xiphorhynchus fuscus
Buff-throated Woodcreeper	Xiphorhynchus guttatus	Possibly seen Recorded
Plain Antvireo	Dysithamnus mentalis	Recorded
White-flanked Antwren	Myrmotherula axillaris	Recorded
Alagoas Antwren	Myrmotherula snowi	Endemic Critically endangered
Rufous-winged Antwren	Herpsilochmus rufimarginatus
Orange-bellied Antwren	Terenura sicki	Endemic Endangered Recorded
Willis's Antbird	Cercomacra laeta	Endemic Recorded
White-backed Fire-eye	Pyriglena leuconota	Recorded
Scalloped Antbird	Myrmeciza ruficauda	Endemic Endangered Photographed Recorded
Black-cheeked Gnateater	Conopophaga melanops	Endemic Recorded
Black-headed Berryeater	Carpornis melanocephalus	Endemic Vulnerable Heard only Recorded
White-bearded Manakin	Manacus manacus	Recorded
Blue-backed Manakin	Chiroxiphia pareola	Photographed Recorded
Red-headed Manakin	Pipra rubrocapilla	Photographed Recorded
Thrush-like Schiffornis	Schiffornis turdinus	Recorded
Yellow-bellied Elaenia	Elaenia flavogaster
Slender-footed Tyrannulet	Zimmerius gracilipes	Possibly seen
Pearly-vented Tody-Tyrant	Hemitriccus margaritaceiventer	Photographed Recorded
Yellow-olive Flycatcher	Tolmomyias sulphurescens	Recorded
Gray-crowned Flycatcher	Tolmomyias poliocephalus	Possibly seen
White-throated Spadebill	Platyrinchus mystaceus	Photographed Recorded
Cliff Flycatcher	Hirundinea ferruginea	Recorded
Tropical Pewee	Contopus cinereus	Possibly seen
White-headed Marsh-Tyrant	Arundinicola leucocephala
Bright-rumped Attila	Attila spadiceus	Recorded
Grayish Mourner	Rhytipterna simplex
Great Kiskadee	Pitangus sulphuratus
Social Flycatcher	Myiozetetes similis
Tropical Kingbird	Tyrannus melancholicus
White-winged Becard	Pachyramphus polychopterus
Black-crowned Tityra	Tityra inquisitor	Possibly seen
Southern Rough-winged Swallow	Stelgidopteryx ruficollis
Moustached Wren	Thryothorus genibarbis	Heard only Recorded
Chalk-browed Mockingbird	Mimus saturninus
Pale-breasted Thrush	Turdus leucomelas	Heard only Recorded
Long-billed Gnatwren	Ramphocaenus melanurus	Recorded
Rufous-browed Peppershrike	Cyclarhis gujanensis	Recorded
Golden-crowned Warbler	Basileuterus culicivorus
Bananaquit	Coereba flaveola
Yellow-backed Tanager	Hemithraupis flavicollis	Recorded
Flame-crested Tanager	Tachyphonus cristatus
Brazilian Tanager	Ramphocelus bresilius	Endemic
Sayaca Tanager	Thraupis sayaca
Palm Tanager	Thraupis palmarum
Violaceous Euphonia	Euphonia violacea	Recorded
Seven-colored Tanager	Tangara fastuosa	Endemic Endangered Photographed Recorded
Burnished-buff Tanager	Tangara cayana
Opal-rumped Tanager	Tangara velia
Blue Dacnis	Dacnis cayana
Blue-black Grassquit	Volatinia jacarina
Buff-throated Saltator	Saltator maximus
Yellow-green Grosbeak	Caryothraustes canadensis	Recorded
House Sparrow	Passer domesticus	Introduced species

Least Grebe	Tachybaptus dominicus
Great Egret	Ardea alba
Cattle Egret	Bubulcus ibis	Seen nearby
Black Vulture	Coragyps atratus
Turkey Vulture	Cathartes aura
Crested Caracara	Caracara cheriway
Yellow-headed Caracara	Milvago chimachima
Wattled Jacana	Jacana jacana
Southern Lapwing	Vanellus chilensis
Rock Pigeon	Columba livia	Introduced species Seen nearby
Scaled Dove	Columbina squammata
Golden-capped Parakeet	Aratinga auricapilla	Endemic Near-threatened
Plain Parakeet	Brotogeris tirica	Endemic Seen nearby
Orange-winged Parrot	Amazona amazonica
Smooth-billed Ani	Crotophaga ani
Guira Cuckoo	Guira guira
Ferruginous Pygmy-Owl	Glaucidium brasilianum	Photographed
Swallow-tailed Hummingbird	Eupetomena macrourus	Seen nearby
Horned Sungem	Heliactin bilopha	Photographed
Ringed Kingfisher	Ceryle torquatus
Green Kingfisher	Chloroceryle americana	Heard only
Rufous Hornero	Furnarius rufus
Yellow-chinned Spinetail	Certhiaxis cinnamomea	Heard only
Caatinga Cacholote	Pseudoseisura cristata	Endemic Possibly seen
Masked Water-Tyrant	Fluvicola nengeta
Cattle Tyrant	Machetornis rixosus
Great Kiskadee	Pitangus sulphuratus
Tropical Kingbird	Tyrannus melancholicus
Gray-breasted Martin	Progne chalybea
House Wren	Troglodytes aedon
Tropical Mockingbird	Mimus gilvus
Pale-breasted Thrush	Turdus leucomelas
Sayaca Tanager	Thraupis sayaca
Burnished-buff Tanager	Tangara cayana
Yellow-bellied Seedeater	Sporophila nigricollis
White-throated Seedeater	Sporophila albogularis	Endemic
Saffron Finch	Sicalis flaveola
Shiny Cowbird	Molothrus bonariensis
House Sparrow	Passer domesticus	Introduced species

Little Tinamou	Crypturellus soui	Heard only
Red-winged Tinamou	Rhynchotus rufescens
Black Vulture	Coragyps atratus
Turkey Vulture	Cathartes aura
Lesser Yellow-headed Vulture	Cathartes burrovianus
Gray Hawk	Asturina nitida	Recorded
Roadside Hawk	Buteo magnirostris	Recorded
Crested Caracara	Caracara cheriway	Possibly seen
Yellow-headed Caracara	Milvago chimachima
Rufous-sided Crake	Laterallus melanophaius	Heard only Recorded
Southern Lapwing	Vanellus chilensis
Rock Pigeon	Columba livia	Introduced species
Pale-vented Pigeon	Patagioenas cayennensis
Ruddy Ground-Dove	Columbina talpacoti
Scaled Dove	Columbina squammata
White-tipped Dove	Leptotila verreauxi	Possibly seen
Peach-fronted Parakeet	Aratinga aurea
Blue-winged Parrotlet	Forpus xanthopterygius
Squirrel Cuckoo	Piaya cayana	Heard only
Smooth-billed Ani	Crotophaga ani
Striped Cuckoo	Tapera naevia
Ferruginous Pygmy-Owl	Glaucidium brasilianum
Great Dusky Swift	Cypseloides senex
Rufous-breasted Hermit	Glaucis hirsuta
Reddish Hermit	Phaethornis ruber
Swallow-tailed Hummingbird	Eupetomena macrourus	Photographed
Black-throated Mango	Anthracothorax nigricollis
Glittering-bellied Emerald	Chlorostilbon aureoventris	Possibly seen
White-chinned Sapphire	Hylocharis cyanus	Possibly seen
Versicolored Emerald	Agyrtria versicolor	Photographed
Spotted Piculet	Picumnus pygmaeus	Endemic Photographed
Yellow-throated Woodpecker	Piculus flavigula
Green-barred Woodpecker	Colaptes melanochloros
Lineated Woodpecker	Dryocopus lineatus
Rufous Hornero	Furnarius rufus
Sooty-fronted Spinetail	Synallaxis frontalis	Heard only
Common Thornbird	Phacellodomus rufifrons
White-eyed Foliage-gleaner	Automolus leucophthalmus	Recorded
Wedge-billed Woodcreeper	Glyphorynchus spirurus
Lesser Woodcreeper	Xiphorhynchus fuscus
Great Antshrike	Taraba major	Heard only
Barred Antshrike	Thamnophilus doliatus	Heard only
Chestnut-backed Antshrike	Thamnophilus palliatus
Sooretama Slaty-Antshrike	Thamnophilus ambiguus	Photographed
Plain Antvireo	Dysithamnus mentalis	Possibly heard
Cinereous Antshrike	Thamnomanes caesius
Band-tailed Antwren	Myrmotherula urosticta	Endemic Endangered
Scaled Antbird	Drymophila squamata	Endemic
Scalloped Antbird	Myrmeciza ruficauda	Endemic Endangered Recorded
Red-headed Manakin	Pipra rubrocapilla
Yellow Tyrannulet	Capsiempis flaveola
Yellow-bellied Elaenia	Elaenia flavogaster
Common Tody-Flycatcher	Todirostrum cinereum
Bran-colored Flycatcher	Myiophobus fasciatus
Masked Water-Tyrant	Fluvicola nengeta	Photographed
Great Kiskadee	Pitangus sulphuratus
Boat-billed Flycatcher	Megarynchus pitangua
Social Flycatcher	Myiozetetes similis
Tropical Kingbird	Tyrannus melancholicus
Gray-breasted Martin	Progne chalybea
Blue-and-white Swallow	Notiochelidon cyanoleuca
Southern Rough-winged Swallow	Stelgidopteryx ruficollis
Moustached Wren	Thryothorus genibarbis
House Wren	Troglodytes aedon
Rufous-bellied Thrush	Turdus rufiventris
Pale-breasted Thrush	Turdus leucomelas
Tropical Gnatcatcher	Polioptila plumbea
Red-eyed Vireo	Vireo olivaceus
Rufous-browed Peppershrike	Cyclarhis gujanensis
Bananaquit	Coereba flaveola
Chestnut-vented Conebill	Conirostrum speciosum
Hooded Tanager	Nemosia pileata
Flame-crested Tanager	Tachyphonus cristatus
White-lined Tanager	Tachyphonus rufus
Brazilian Tanager	Ramphocelus bresilius	Endemic Photographed Recorded
Sayaca Tanager	Thraupis sayaca
Palm Tanager	Thraupis palmarum	Photographed
Purple-throated Euphonia	Euphonia chlorotica
Violaceous Euphonia	Euphonia violacea	Recorded
Turquoise Tanager	Tangara mexicana
Green-headed Tanager	Tangara seledon	Photographed Recorded
Burnished-buff Tanager	Tangara cayana	Photographed
Blue Dacnis	Dacnis cayana
Blue-black Grassquit	Volatinia jacarina
Yellow-bellied Seedeater	Sporophila nigricollis
White-bellied Seedeater	Sporophila leucoptera	Photographed
Saffron Finch	Sicalis flaveola
Buff-throated Saltator	Saltator maximus	Photographed
Green-winged Saltator	Saltator similis
Bay-winged Cowbird	Molothrus badius
Shiny Cowbird	Molothrus bonariensis
Red-rumped Cacique	Cacicus haemorrhous	Recorded
Yellow-faced Siskin	Carduelis yarrellii	Endemic Vulnerable Possibly seen
House Sparrow	Passer domesticus	Introduced species

Brown Booby	Sula leucogaster
Neotropic Cormorant	Phalacrocorax brasilianus
Magnificent Frigatebird	Fregata magnificens
Great Egret	Ardea alba
Snowy Egret	Egretta thula
White-cheeked Pintail	Anas bahamensis	Photographed
Black Vulture	Coragyps atratus
Turkey Vulture	Cathartes aura
Roadside Hawk	Buteo magnirostris	Heard only
Crested Caracara	Caracara cheriway	Photographed Recorded
Yellow-headed Caracara	Milvago chimachima	Photographed
Common Moorhen	Gallinula chloropus
Black-necked Stilt	Himantopus mexicanus
Southern Lapwing	Vanellus chilensis
Lesser Yellowlegs	Tringa flavipes
Kelp Gull	Larus dominicanus
Rock Pigeon	Columba livia	Introduced species
Picazuro Pigeon	Patagioenas picazuro
Ruddy Ground-Dove	Columbina talpacoti
White-tipped Dove	Leptotila verreauxi
Smooth-billed Ani	Crotophaga ani
Guira Cuckoo	Guira guira
Restinga Antwren	Formicivora littoralis	Endemic Critically ndangered Photographed Recorded
Yellow-bellied Elaenia	Elaenia flavogaster	Heard only
Masked Water-Tyrant	Fluvicola nengeta
Great Kiskadee	Pitangus sulphuratus
Tropical Kingbird	Tyrannus melancholicus
White-rumped Swallow	Tachycineta leucorrhoa
House Wren	Troglodytes aedon	Heard only
Chalk-browed Mockingbird	Mimus saturninus
Bananaquit	Coereba flaveola
Brazilian Tanager	Ramphocelus bresilius	Endemic
Sayaca Tanager	Thraupis sayaca
Rufous-collared Sparrow	Zonotrichia capensis
House Sparrow	Passer domesticus	Introduced species

Tataupa Tinamou	Crypturellus tataupa	Possibly heard
Black Vulture	Coragyps atratus
Roadside Hawk	Buteo magnirostris	Heard only
Spot-winged Wood-Quail	Odontophorus capueira
Southern Lapwing	Vanellus chilensis
Rock Pigeon	Columba livia	Introduced species
Plumbeous Pigeon	Patagioenas plumbea	Recorded
White-tipped Dove	Leptotila verreauxi
Gray-fronted Dove	Leptotila rufaxilla	Possibly heard
Blue-winged Macaw	Primolius maracana	Vulnerable
White-eyed Parakeet	Aratinga leucophthalmus
Maroon-bellied Parakeet	Pyrrhura frontalis	Photographed Recorded
Plain Parakeet	Brotogeris tirica	Endemic Photographed Recorded
Yellow-chevroned Parakeet	Brotogeris chiriri
Scaly-headed Parrot	Pionus maximiliani	Recorded
Squirrel Cuckoo	Piaya cayana
Sooty Swift	Cypseloides fumigatus	Possibly seen
Great Dusky Swift	Cypseloides senex
White-collared Swift	Streptoprocne zonaris
Gray-rumped Swift	Chaetura cinereiventris	Possibly seen
Scale-throated Hermit	Phaethornis eurynome	Recorded
Sombre Hummingbird	Campylopterus cirrochloris	Endemic Possibly seen
Swallow-tailed Hummingbird	Eupetomena macrourus
Glittering-bellied Emerald	Chlorostilbon aureoventris
Violet-capped Woodnymph	Thalurania glaucopis	Photographed
White-throated Hummingbird	Leucochloris albicollis
Sapphire-spangled Emerald	Polyerata lactea
Brazilian Ruby	Clytolaema rubricauda	Endemic
Surucua Trogon	Trogon surrucura	Photographed Recorded
White-barred Piculet	Picumnus cirratus
Little Woodpecker	Veniliornis passerinus	Recorded
Blond-crested Woodpecker	Celeus flavescens	Photographed Recorded
Rufous-capped Spinetail	Synallaxis ruficapilla	Recorded
Streaked Xenops	Xenops rutilans
Sharp-tailed Streamcreeper	Lochmias nematura	Photographed Recorded
Olivaceous Woodcreeper	Sittasomus griseicapillus
Wedge-billed Woodcreeper	Glyphorynchus spirurus
White-throated Woodcreeper	Xiphocolaptes albicollis
Scaled Woodcreeper	Lepidocolaptes squamatus
Planalto Slaty-Antshrike	Thamnophilus pelzelni	Endemic
Spot-breasted Antvireo	Dysithamnus stictothorax	Endemic Near-threatened Photographed
Plain Antvireo	Dysithamnus mentalis
Rufous-backed Antvireo	Dysithamnus xanthopterus	Endemic Recorded
Salvadori's Antwren	Myrmotherula minor	Endemic Vulnerable Photographed Recorded?
Rufous-tailed Antbird	Drymophila genei	Endemic Near-threatened Photographed Recorded
Brazilian Antthrush	Chamaeza ruficauda	Endemic Recorded
Variegated Antpitta	Grallaria varia	Heard only
Mouse-colored Tapaculo	Scytalopus speluncae	Recorded
Sharpbill	Oxyruncus cristatus
Swallow-tailed Cotinga	Phibalura flavirostris	Near-threatened Photographed
Black-and-gold Cotinga	Tijuca atra	Endemic Near-threatened Photographed Recorded
Hooded Berryeater	Carpornis cucullatus	Endemic Near-threatened Photographed Recorded
Bare-throated Bellbird	Procnias nudicollis	Near-threatened Heard only Recorded
White-bearded Manakin	Manacus manacus	Recorded
Blue Manakin	Chiroxiphia caudata	Photographed Recorded
Gray-hooded Flycatcher	Mionectes rufiventris	Recorded
Sepia-capped Flycatcher	Leptopogon amaurocephalus
Serra do Mar Tyrannulet	Phylloscartes difficilis	Endemic Near-threatened Photographed Recorded
Mottle-cheeked Tyrannulet	Phylloscartes ventralis	Recorded
Yellow-olive Flycatcher	Tolmomyias sulphurescens
Euler's Flycatcher	Lathrotriccus euleri	Possibly seen Recorded?
Blue-billed Black-Tyrant	Knipolegus cyanirostris
Gray-hooded Attila	Attila rufus	Endemic Photographed Recorded
Great Kiskadee	Pitangus sulphuratus
Boat-billed Flycatcher	Megarynchus pitangua	Heard only
Social Flycatcher	Myiozetetes similis	Recorded
Streaked Flycatcher	Myiodynastes maculatus	Photographed
Variegated Flycatcher	Empidonomus varius
Tropical Kingbird	Tyrannus melancholicus
Chestnut-crowned Becard	Pachyramphus castaneus	Possibly seen
Blue-and-white Swallow	Notiochelidon cyanoleuca
Southern Rough-winged Swallow	Stelgidopteryx ruficollis
House Wren	Troglodytes aedon
Yellow-legged Thrush	Platycichla flavipes
Rufous-bellied Thrush	Turdus rufiventris	Recorded
Pale-breasted Thrush	Turdus leucomelas
Rufous-crowned Greenlet	Hylophilus poicilotis	Photographed Recorded
Rufous-browed Peppershrike	Cyclarhis gujanensis	Heard only Recorded
Golden-crowned Warbler	Basileuterus culicivorus	Photographed Recorded
White-rimmed Warbler	Basileuterus leucoblepharus	Photographed Recorded
Bananaquit	Coereba flaveola
Brown Tanager	Orchesticus abeillei	Endemic Near-threatened
Yellow-backed Tanager	Hemithraupis flavicollis
Flame-crested Tanager	Tachyphonus cristatus
White-lined Tanager	Tachyphonus rufus	Recorded
Black-goggled Tanager	Trichothraupis melanops	Recorded
Sayaca Tanager	Thraupis sayaca
Azure-shouldered Tanager	Thraupis cyanoptera	Endemic Near-threatened Photographed
Golden-chevroned Tanager	Thraupis ornata	Endemic Photographed
Diademed Tanager	Stephanophorus diadematus	Recorded
Fawn-breasted Tanager	Pipraeidea melanonota
Violaceous Euphonia	Euphonia violacea
Green-headed Tanager	Tangara seledon
Brassy-breasted Tanager	Tangara desmaresti	Endemic Photographed Recorded
Bay-chested Warbling-Finch	Poospiza thoracica	Endemic Photographed Recorded
Blue-black Grassquit	Volatinia jacarina	Possibly heard
Uniform Finch	Haplospiza unicolor	Photographed Recorded
Saffron Finch	Sicalis flaveola
Green-winged Saltator	Saltator similis
Yellow-green Grosbeak	Caryothraustes canadensis	Heard only
Red-rumped Cacique	Cacicus haemorrhous	Photographed Recorded
House Sparrow	Passer domesticus	Introduced species

Brown Tinamou	Crypturellus obsoletus	Heard only
Tataupa Tinamou	Crypturellus tataupa	Possibly heard
Cattle Egret	Bubulcus ibis
Black Vulture	Coragyps atratus
Turkey Vulture	Cathartes aura
Roadside Hawk	Buteo magnirostris
Black Hawk-Eagle	Spizaetus tyrannus
Dusky-legged Guan	Penelope obscura	Photographed Recorded
Southern Lapwing	Vanellus chilensis
Rock Pigeon	Columba livia	Introduced species
Picazuro Pigeon	Patagioenas picazuro
Plumbeous Pigeon	Patagioenas plumbea	Recorded
Ruddy Ground-Dove	Columbina talpacoti
White-tipped Dove	Leptotila verreauxi	Heard only
Gray-fronted Dove	Leptotila rufaxilla	Possibly seen
White-eyed Parakeet	Aratinga leucophthalmus
Maroon-bellied Parakeet	Pyrrhura frontalis	Recorded
Blue-winged Parrotlet	Forpus xanthopterygius
Yellow-chevroned Parakeet	Brotogeris chiriri	Possibly seen
Brown-backed Parrotlet	Touit melanonota	Endemic Endangered Possibly seen Recorded
Scaly-headed Parrot	Pionus maximiliani	Photographed Recorded?
Squirrel Cuckoo	Piaya cayana	Heard only
Guira Cuckoo	Guira guira
Ashy-tailed Swift	Chaetura andrei	Recorded
Planalto Hermit	Phaethornis pretrei	Possibly seen
Swallow-tailed Hummingbird	Eupetomena macrourus
Black Jacobin	Florisuga fuscus
Glittering-bellied Emerald	Chlorostilbon aureoventris	Recorded
Violet-capped Woodnymph	Thalurania glaucopis
White-throated Hummingbird	Leucochloris albicollis
Surucua Trogon	Trogon surrucura	Photographed
Red-breasted Toucan	Ramphastos dicolorus	Photographed Recorded
White-barred Piculet	Picumnus cirratus
Yellow-browed Woodpecker	Piculus aurulentus	Near-threatened
Rufous-capped Spinetail	Synallaxis ruficapilla	Recorded
Pallid Spinetail	Cranioleuca pallida	Endemic
Sharp-billed Treehunter	Heliobletus contaminatus	Photographed Recorded
White-browed Foliage-gleaner	Anabacerthia amaurotis	Near-threatened
Buff-browed Foliage-gleaner	Syndactyla rufosuperciliata	Recorded
Pale-browed Treehunter	Cichlocolaptes leucophrus	Endemic
Black-capped Foliage-gleaner	Philydor atricapillus	Recorded
White-collared Foliage-gleaner	Anabazenops fuscus	Endemic Photographed
Thrush-like Woodcreeper	Dendrocincla turdina
Olivaceous Woodcreeper	Sittasomus griseicapillus	Recorded
Lesser Woodcreeper	Xiphorhynchus fuscus
Scaled Woodcreeper	Lepidocolaptes squamatus	Photographed
Black-billed Scythebill	Campylorhamphus falcularius	Photographed
Spot-backed Antshrike	Hypoedaleus guttatus	Possibly seen
Spot-breasted Antvireo	Dysithamnus stictothorax	Endemic Near-threatened Recorded
Plain Antvireo	Dysithamnus mentalis
Ferruginous Antbird	Drymophila ferruginea	Endemic Recorded
Rufous-tailed Antbird	Drymophila genei	Endemic Near-threatened Photographed Recorded
Streak-capped Antwren	Terenura maculata
White-shouldered Fire-eye	Pyriglena leucoptera	Recorded
Brazilian Antthrush	Chamaeza ruficauda	Endemic Heard only
Such's Antthrush	Chamaeza meruloides	Endemic Heard only Recorded
Black-and-gold Cotinga	Tijuca atra	Endemic Near-threatened Heard only Recorded
Blue Manakin	Chiroxiphia caudata	Recorded
Southern Beardless-Tyrannulet	Camptostoma obsoletum
Sepia-capped Flycatcher	Leptopogon amaurocephalus
Yellow-olive Flycatcher	Tolmomyias sulphurescens	Recorded
Gray-crowned Flycatcher	Tolmomyias poliocephalus	Recorded
White-throated Spadebill	Platyrinchus mystaceus	Recorded
Euler's Flycatcher	Lathrotriccus euleri	Recorded
Blue-billed Black-Tyrant	Knipolegus cyanirostris
Masked Water-Tyrant	Fluvicola nengeta
Rufous-tailed Attila	Attila phoenicurus	Recorded
Gray-hooded Attila	Attila rufus	Endemic Heard only Recorded
Sirystes	Sirystes sibilator
Great Kiskadee	Pitangus sulphuratus
Boat-billed Flycatcher	Megarynchus pitangua	Heard only
Streaked Flycatcher	Myiodynastes maculatus
Variegated Flycatcher	Empidonomus varius
Tropical Kingbird	Tyrannus melancholicus
Fork-tailed Flycatcher	Tyrannus savana
Chestnut-crowned Becard	Pachyramphus castaneus
Crested Becard	Pachyramphus validus
Gray-breasted Martin	Progne chalybea
Blue-and-white Swallow	Notiochelidon cyanoleuca
Southern Rough-winged Swallow	Stelgidopteryx ruficollis
House Wren	Troglodytes aedon
Chalk-browed Mockingbird	Mimus saturninus
Rufous-bellied Thrush	Turdus rufiventris
Pale-breasted Thrush	Turdus leucomelas	Recorded
Curl-crested Jay	Cyanocorax cristatellus
Rufous-crowned Greenlet	Hylophilus poicilotis
Golden-crowned Warbler	Basileuterus culicivorus
White-rimmed Warbler	Basileuterus leucoblepharus	Heard only
Bananaquit	Coereba flaveola
Brown Tanager	Orchesticus abeillei	Endemic Near-threatened Recorded
Magpie Tanager	Cissopis leveriana
Chestnut-headed Tanager	Pyrrhocoma ruficeps
Rufous-headed Tanager	Hemithraupis ruficapilla	Endemic
Olive-green Tanager	Orthogonys chloricterus	Endemic
Ruby-crowned Tanager	Tachyphonus coronatus
Black-goggled Tanager	Trichothraupis melanops
Red-crowned Ant-Tanager	Habia rubica	Recorded
Sayaca Tanager	Thraupis sayaca
Golden-chevroned Tanager	Thraupis ornata	Endemic Recorded
Palm Tanager	Thraupis palmarum
Diademed Tanager	Stephanophorus diadematus	Photographed
Fawn-breasted Tanager	Pipraeidea melanonota
Green-headed Tanager	Tangara seledon
Brassy-breasted Tanager	Tangara desmaresti	Endemic
Gilt-edged Tanager	Tangara cyanoventris	Endemic
Swallow-Tanager	Tersina viridis	Photographed
Blue-black Grassquit	Volatinia jacarina
Temminck's Seedeater	Sporophila falcirostris	Endemic Vulnerable Heard only Recorded
Double-collared Seedeater	Sporophila caerulescens
White-bellied Seedeater	Sporophila leucoptera
Saffron Finch	Sicalis flaveola
Rufous-collared Sparrow	Zonotrichia capensis
Thick-billed Saltator	Saltator maxillosus	Recorded
Shiny Cowbird	Molothrus bonariensis
Red-rumped Cacique	Cacicus haemorrhous	Recorded
House Sparrow	Passer domesticus	Introduced species

Greater Rhea	Rhea americana	Near-threatened
Undulated Tinamou	Crypturellus undulatus	Recorded
Neotropic Cormorant	Phalacrocorax brasilianus
Whistling Heron	Syrigma sibilatrix
Capped Heron	Pilherodius pileatus	Photographed
Cocoi Heron	Ardea cocoi	Photographed
Great Egret	Ardea alba
Snowy Egret	Egretta thula
Cattle Egret	Bubulcus ibis
Striated Heron	Butorides striata
Rufescent Tiger-Heron	Tigrisoma lineatum
Jabiru	Jabiru mycteria
Buff-necked Ibis	Theristicus caudatus
Bare-faced Ibis	Phimosus infuscatus
White-faced Whistling-Duck	Dendrocygna viduata
Black-bellied Whistling-Duck	Dendrocygna autumnalis
Brazilian Teal	Amazonetta brasiliensis	Possibly seen
Black Vulture	Coragyps atratus
Turkey Vulture	Cathartes aura	Photographed
Lesser Yellow-headed Vulture	Cathartes burrovianus
Plumbeous Kite	Ictinia plumbea	Photographed
Crane Hawk	Geranospiza caerulescens
Savanna Hawk	Buteogallus meridionalis
Harris's Hawk	Parabuteo unicinctus
Black-collared Hawk	Busarellus nigricollis
Roadside Hawk	Buteo magnirostris
Black-and-white Hawk-Eagle	Spizastur melanoleucus	Possibly seen before Campo grande
Crested Caracara	Caracara cheriway
American Kestrel	Falco sparverius
Aplomado Falcon	Falco femoralis
Chaco Chachalaca	Ortalis canicollis	Recorded
Limpkin	Aramus guarauna
Gray-necked Wood-Rail	Aramides cajanea
Red-legged Seriema	Cariama cristata	Photographed Recorded
Wattled Jacana	Jacana jacana
Black-necked Stilt	Himantopus mexicanus
Southern Lapwing	Vanellus chilensis
Solitary Sandpiper	Tringa solitaria
Pectoral Sandpiper	Calidris melanotos	Possibly seen
Large-billed Tern	Phaetusa simplex
Rock Pigeon	Columba livia	Introduced species
Picazuro Pigeon	Patagioenas picazuro
Pale-vented Pigeon	Patagioenas cayennensis
Eared Dove	Zenaida auriculata	Possibly seen
Ruddy Ground-Dove	Columbina talpacoti	Recorded
Picui Ground-Dove	Columbina picui
Scaled Dove	Columbina squammata
White-tipped Dove	Leptotila verreauxi	Recorded
Hyacinth Macaw	Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus	Endangered Photographed Recorded
Red-and-green Macaw	Ara chloroptera	Recorded
Red-bellied Macaw	Orthopsittaca manilata	Possibly seen Recorded?
White-eyed Parakeet	Aratinga leucophthalmus	Recorded
Dusky-headed Parakeet	Aratinga weddellii	Possibly seen
Peach-fronted Parakeet	Aratinga aurea
Nanday Parakeet	Nandayus nenday	Photographed Recorded
Yellow-chevroned Parakeet	Brotogeris chiriri	Photographed Recorded
Scaly-headed Parrot	Pionus maximiliani	Photographed Recorded
Blue-fronted Parrot	Amazona aestiva	Photographed Recorded
Dark-billed Cuckoo	Coccyzus melacoryphus	Photographed
Smooth-billed Ani	Crotophaga ani	Photographed Recorded
Guira Cuckoo	Guira guira	Photographed Recorded
Striped Cuckoo	Tapera naevia	Heard only
Burrowing Owl	Athene cunicularia
Gilded Sapphire	Hylocharis chrysura	Recorded?
Surucua Trogon	Trogon surrucura
Amazon Kingfisher	Chloroceryle amazona
Spot-backed Puffbird	Nystalus maculatus	Photographed
Chestnut-eared Aracari	Pteroglossus castanotis
Toco Toucan	Ramphastos toco
White Woodpecker	Melanerpes candidus
Checkered Woodpecker	Picoides mixtus
Campo Flicker	Colaptes campestris
Lineated Woodpecker	Dryocopus lineatus
Rufous Hornero	Furnarius rufus	Photographed Recorded
Yellow-chinned Spinetail	Certhiaxis cinnamomea
Common Thornbird	Phacellodomus rufifrons	Photographed Recorded
Greater Thornbird	Phacellodomus ruber
Great Rufous Woodcreeper	Xiphocolaptes major
Narrow-billed Woodcreeper	Lepidocolaptes angustirostris
Great Antshrike	Taraba major	Recorded
Barred Antshrike	Thamnophilus doliatus	Recorded
Southern Beardless-Tyrannulet	Camptostoma obsoletum
Southern Scrub-Flycatcher	Sublegatus modestus
White-rumped Monjita	Xolmis velata
White Monjita	Xolmis irupero
Streamer-tailed Tyrant	Gubernetes yetapa
Cattle Tyrant	Machetornis rixosus
Great Kiskadee	Pitangus sulphuratus	Recorded
Boat-billed Flycatcher	Megarynchus pitangua
Streaked Flycatcher	Myiodynastes maculatus
Piratic Flycatcher	Legatus leucophaius
Variegated Flycatcher	Empidonomus varius
Crowned Slaty Flycatcher	Griseotyrannus aurantioatrocristatus	Photographed
Tropical Kingbird	Tyrannus melancholicus	Recorded
White-winged Becard	Pachyramphus polychopterus	Photographed
Black-tailed Tityra	Tityra cayana	Photographed
Black-crowned Tityra	Tityra inquisitor
Brown-chested Martin	Progne tapera	Photographed Recorded
Gray-breasted Martin	Progne chalybea
Southern Rough-winged Swallow	Stelgidopteryx ruficollis	Photographed
Thrush-like Wren	Campylorhynchus turdinus	Recorded
House Wren	Troglodytes aedon	Recorded
Chalk-browed Mockingbird	Mimus saturninus
Rufous-bellied Thrush	Turdus rufiventris
Creamy-bellied Thrush	Turdus amaurochalinus
Tropical Gnatcatcher	Polioptila plumbea
Purplish Jay	Cyanocorax cyanomelas	Recorded
Rufous-browed Peppershrike	Cyclarhis gujanensis
White-shouldered Tanager	Tachyphonus luctuosus	Recorded
Sayaca Tanager	Thraupis sayaca	Photographed
Palm Tanager	Thraupis palmarum
Swallow-Tanager	Tersina viridis
Blue-black Grassquit	Volatinia jacarina
Rusty-collared Seedeater	Sporophila collaris
Lined Seedeater	Sporophila lineola	Photographed
White-bellied Seedeater	Sporophila leucoptera
Saffron Finch	Sicalis flaveola	Recorded
Red-crested Cardinal	Paroaria coronata
Yellow-billed Cardinal	Paroaria capitata
Grassland Sparrow	Ammodramus humeralis	Recorded
Rufous-collared Sparrow	Zonotrichia capensis
Grayish Saltator	Saltator coerulescens	Recorded
Unicolored Blackbird	Agelasticus cyanopus
Bay-winged Cowbird	Molothrus badius
Shiny Cowbird	Molothrus bonariensis
Giant Cowbird	Molothrus oryzivorus
Epaulet Oriole	Icterus cayanensis	Photographed
Solitary Cacique	Cacicus solitarius
Crested Oropendola	Psarocolius decumanus
Yellow-rumped Marshbird	Pseudoleistes guirahuro
Chopi Blackbird	Gnorimopsar chopi
Orange-backed Troupial	Icterus croconotus	Recorded
House Sparrow	Passer domesticus	Introduced species

Yellow-legged Tinamou	Crypturellus noctivagus	Endemic Near-threatened Heard only Recorded
Magnificent Frigatebird	Fregata magnificens
Cattle Egret	Bubulcus ibis
Muscovy Duck	Cairina moschata	Photographed
Black Vulture	Coragyps atratus
Turkey Vulture	Cathartes aura
Rufous-thighed Kite	Harpagus diodon
Roadside Hawk	Buteo magnirostris	Heard only
Yellow-headed Caracara	Milvago chimachima
Rusty-margined Guan	Penelope superciliaris
Ash-throated Crake	Porzana albicollis	Possibly seen
Wattled Jacana	Jacana jacana
Southern Lapwing	Vanellus chilensis
Kelp Gull	Larus dominicanus
Ruddy Ground-Dove	Columbina talpacoti
Plain Parakeet	Brotogeris tirica	Endemic
Squirrel Cuckoo	Piaya cayana	Heard only
Smooth-billed Ani	Crotophaga ani
Guira Cuckoo	Guira guira	Heard only
Burrowing Owl	Athene cunicularia
Ashy-tailed Swift	Chaetura andrei
Violet-capped Woodnymph	Thalurania glaucopis
Versicolored Emerald	Agyrtria versicolor
Sapphire-spangled Emerald	Polyerata lactea
Surucua Trogon	Trogon surrucura
Campo Flicker	Colaptes campestris
Blond-crested Woodpecker	Celeus flavescens
Rufous Hornero	Furnarius rufus
Chicli Spinetail	Synallaxis spixi	Heard only Recorded
Variable Antshrike	Thamnophilus caerulescens
Plain Antvireo	Dysithamnus mentalis
Unicolored Antwren	Myrmotherula unicolor	Endemic Photographed Recorded
White-shouldered Fire-eye	Pyriglena leucoptera	Heard only
Mouse-colored Tapaculo	Scytalopus speluncae	Photographed
Bare-throated Bellbird	Procnias nudicollis	Near-threatened Heard only Recorded
Blue Manakin	Chiroxiphia caudata	Recorded
Restinga Tyrannulet	Phylloscartes kronei	Endemic Vulnerable Photographed
Yellow-lored Tody-Flycatcher	Todirostrum poliocephalum	Endemic
Cattle Tyrant	Machetornis rixosus
Gray-hooded Attila	Attila rufus	Endemic Heard only
Great Kiskadee	Pitangus sulphuratus
Boat-billed Flycatcher	Megarynchus pitangua	Heard only
Streaked Flycatcher	Myiodynastes maculatus
Piratic Flycatcher	Legatus leucophaius
Variegated Flycatcher	Empidonomus varius
Tropical Kingbird	Tyrannus melancholicus
Fork-tailed Flycatcher	Tyrannus savana
Black-tailed Tityra	Tityra cayana
Gray-breasted Martin	Progne chalybea
White-rumped Swallow	Tachycineta leucorrhoa
Blue-and-white Swallow	Notiochelidon cyanoleuca
Southern Rough-winged Swallow	Stelgidopteryx ruficollis
House Wren	Troglodytes aedon
Rufous-bellied Thrush	Turdus rufiventris
Creamy-bellied Thrush	Turdus amaurochalinus
Azure Jay	Cyanocorax caeruleus	Near-threatened Recorded
Red-eyed Vireo	Vireo olivaceus
Masked Yellowthroat	Geothlypis aequinoctialis
White-bellied Warbler	Basileuterus hypoleucus	Photographed
Bananaquit	Coereba flaveola
Ruby-crowned Tanager	Tachyphonus coronatus
Azure-shouldered Tanager	Thraupis cyanoptera	Endemic Near-threatened
Green-headed Tanager	Tangara seledon
Blue-black Grassquit	Volatinia jacarina
Double-collared Seedeater	Sporophila caerulescens
Saffron Finch	Sicalis flaveola
Rufous-collared Sparrow	Zonotrichia capensis
White-browed Blackbird	Sturnella superciliaris
Shiny Cowbird	Molothrus bonariensis
Red-rumped Cacique	Cacicus haemorrhous	Heard only
House Sparrow	Passer domesticus	Introduced species