BASIC DEFINITIONS
Strains: indirect injury to
muscles and tendons caused by excessive stretch or tension within the fibers.
Grading system:
Sprains: stretching
or tearing of ligaments and/or joint capsule when the joint is stretched beyond its normal
limits.
Grading system:
Tendinitis: "-itis" suffix indicates inflammation. Therefore, this is an inflammation of a muscle tendon. This type of injury typically occurs from small repetitive, overuse actions. However, it can occur from a single traumatic episode.
Bursitis: There's that "-itis" suffix again. This is an inflammation of what is known as a bursa (bursa sac). Bursae (plural) are fluid-filled sacs that serve to cushion muscles, tendons, and ligaments from other friction-causing structures (bone, mainly) and to facilitate smooth movement.
Subluxation: partial dissociation of a joint's articulating surfaces.
Dislocation: complete dissociation of a joint's articulating surfaces.
Synovitis: Another "-itis". This is an inflammation of the capsule that surrounds a joint (like the knee or elbow) typically secondary to some other inflammation within or around the joint.
Fracture: any
"break" in the continuity of a bone. Fractures and "broken
bones" are the same thing. There are bascially two classes of fractures with
many types within each class. The classes are closed (bone stays inside of the
skin) and opened (bones sticks out of the skin). Some of the different types of
fractures are:
RICE: Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation. Typically you will want to ice the injury for 20 minutes, 3 times per day for the first 3 days. DO NOT use HEAT of any kind on a new injury or if you see new swelling of an old injury. You may use heat after the first 3 days, if the swelling as stopped. When in doubt - Use ice!!!
DIP: this is the name of the last joint of your fingers - distal interphalangeal joint.
PIP: this is the name of the first joint of your fingers - proximal interphalangeal joint.
MCP: this is the name of the joint between your palm and your finger - metacarpophalageal joint.
Phalanx/phalanges: these are your fingers
Metacarpals: these are the bones of your palm.
Carpals: these are your wrist bones - there are eight of them.
Collateral ligaments: these are the ligaments on each side of a joint between bones.
MOI: this is the abbreviation for "mechanism of injury" - meaning how the injury can occur.
ROM: this means "range of motion"
Closed Reduction: this is a procedure where the doctor/PA places the two fractured ends of bone in line with each other or places the two ends of a dislocated joint back into the proper position. This is a non-surgical prodecure and sometimes requires the injection of a pain medication (e.g., lidocaine).
ORIF: this stands for Open Reduction Internal Fixation. This is a procedure where a doctor must surgically repair a fracture or dislocation normally with the use of pins, plates, and/or screws.
Abduction: the movement of a body part away from its midline.
Adduction: the movement of a body part toward its midline.
Proximal: the part of an extremity closest to the point of attachment.
Distal: the part of an extremity futherest away from the point of attachment.
Necrosis:death of cells, tissue, or organ. This can include, but is not limited to skin, muscle, & bone.
Median Nerve:this is the nerve that supplies the inside of your forearm and the thumb & index finger of your hand.