GENERAL MUSCLE STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION

    1.  SCUTULARIS – action: to move ears.

    2.  ZYGOMATICUS – action: to move top lip.

    3.  PAROTID GLAND

    4.   MASSETER – action: to raise lower jaw and close mouth.

    5.  MAXILLARIS – action: to move nose and lip.

    6.  NASALIS – action: to move nose.

    7.  WHISKER BED

    8.   BUCCINATOR – action: to move lip.

    9.   DIGASTRICUS – action: to depress the lower jaw and open mouth.

    10.  MYLO-HYOID – action: to support or raise the tongue.

    11.  STERNO-HYOID – action: involved in swallowing.

    12.  STERNO-THYROID – action: involved in swallowing.

    13.  THYROID GLAND

    14.  CEHALO-HUMERAL – action: to advance the limb or draw limb and head together.

    15.  MASTOIDEUS – action: to raise head or neck.

    16.  SPLENIUS – action: to extend or incline head.

    17.  JUGULAR VEIN

    18.  SERRATUS MAGNUS – action: to extend or turn the head.

    19.  ANGULARIS – action: to lift the lower end of the SCAPULA.

    20.  HUMERUS

    21.  ACROMION – action: to flex the shoulder joint

    22.  SCAPULAR DELTOID – action: to flex the shoulder joint and rotate the HUMERUS outward.

    23.  ACROMION DELTOID – action: as for SCAPULAR DELTOID.

    24.  CEHALO-HUMERAL – action: to advance the limb or draw limb and head together.

    25.  CEPHALIC VEIN   

    26.  SPINE OF THE SCAPULA

    27.  UPPER TRAPEZIUS – action: to raise the shoulder or carry it forward.

    28.  LOWER TRAPEZIUS – action: as for UPPER TRAPEZIUS.

    29.  LATISSIMUS DORSI – action: supports the forelimb and carries the trunk forward.

    30.  INFRASPINATUS – action: to adduct the HUMERUS and rotate it outward.

    31.  GREAT OBLIQUE – action: to flex the spine, or incline it laterally.

    32.  RECTUS ABDOMINIS – action: the principal FLEXOR of the spine.

    33.  INTERCOSTALS – action: in breathing.

    34.  SCALENUS – action: to draw the shoulder backward.

    35.  PECTORALIS MINOR – action: to draw the shoulder downwards and backwards.

    36.  PECTORALIS MAJOR – action: to adduct, flex and rotate inwards the forelimb.

    37.  EPITROCHLEARIS – action: to draw the forelimb backwards.

    38.  FLEXOR CARPI ULNARIS – action: to flex the CARPUS and foot.

    39.  PERFORATUS – action: to flex the toes and the whole foot on the forearm.

    40.  ANCONEUS – action: to raise the capsule of the elbow joint.

    41.  FLEXOR CARPI RADIALIS – action: to flex the CARPUS on the forearm.

    42.  PRONATOR TERES – action: rotate the RADIUS and turn the paw downward and outward.

    43.  PERFORANS – action: to flex the toes and foot.

    44.  SUBCUTANEOUS VEIN

    45.  PISIFORM BONE

    46.  PLANTAR PADS

    47.  METACARPUS

    48.  LONG TRICEPS – action: to extend the forearm.

    49.  OUTER TRICEPS – action: to extend the forearm.

    50.  BRACHIALIS – action: to flex the forearm.

    51.  EXTENSOR CARPI RADIALIS – action: extends the METACARPUS on the forearm.

    52.  EXTENSOR DIGITORUM COMMUNIS – action: extends the toes and foot.

    53.  EXTENSOR DIGITORUM BREVIS – action: extends the three outer toes and foot.

    54.  EXTENSOR CARPI ULNARIS – action: to extend the CARPUS with slight outward rotation.

    55.  FLEXOR CARPI ULNARIS – action: to flex the CARPUS and foot.

    56.  EXTENSOR OBLIQUE – action: to extend the first toe (dewclaw).

    57.  ANNULAR LIGAMENT

    58.  CARPUS

    59.  PHALANGES

    60.  SUPRA SCAPULAR GLAND

    61.  1st SARTORIUS – action: to adduct the leg and carry the thigh forward.

    62.  2ND SARTORIUS – action: as above.

    63.  VASTUS INTERNUS – action: to extend the leg.

    64.  ADDUCTOR MAGNUS – action: to adduct and rotate the thigh outwards, push body forward.

    65.  SEMIMEMBRANOSUS – action: to extend the thigh and flex the knee.

    66.  GRACILIS – action: to adduct the thigh.

    67.  SEMITENDINOSUS – action: draws back the thigh and pushes body forward.

    68.  GASTROCNEMIUS – action: to extend the foot on the TIBIA.

    69.  POPLITEUS – action: to rotate the TIBIA sideways and outward.

    70.  PERFORATUS – action: to flex the toes, draw the foot back, and bend the knee.

    71.  PERFORANS – action: to flex the toes and draw the foot backwards.

    72.  PERFORANS AUXILIARY – action: to flex the toes.

    73.  TIBIALIS ANTICUS – action: to bend the foot forward and upward.

    74.  LUMBO DORSAL FASCIA – action: to assist in spinal flexion.

    75.  CREST OF ILIUM

    76.  LONG TENSOR FASCIA – action: to flex the thigh.

    77.  SHORT TENSOR FASCIA – action: to flex the thigh.

    78.  GLUTEUS MEDIUS – action: to extend, rotate or adduct the thigh.

    79.  GLUTEUS MAXIMUS – action: to adduct the thigh and rotate the knee outward.

    80.  GREAT TROCHANTER – action: muscle insertion point (GLUTEUS).

    81.  ISCHIUM – action: insertion point for GEMELLUS – action: to carry the thigh forward.

    82.  SEMIMEMBRANOSUS – action: to extend the thigh and to flex the knee.

    83.  ERECTOR – action: to raise the tail.

    84.  CURVATOR – action: to draw the tail sideways and upward.

    85.  FASCIA LATA – action: to flex the thigh.

    86.  SEMITENDINOSUS – action: flex the knee, draw back the thigh and push body forward.

    87.  BICEPS FEMORIS – action: flexes the leg, when leg is fixed it rotates the PELVIS.

    88.  DEPRESSOR – action: to depress the tail.

    89.  GASTROCNEMIUS – action: to extend the foot on the TIBIA.

    90.  GREAT SAPHENOUS VEIN

    91.  PERFORATUS – action: to flex the toes, draws back the foot and bend the knee.

    92.  PERFORANS – action: to flex the toes and draw the foot backward.

    93.  CALCANEUM

    94.  TARSUS

    95.  METATARSUS

    96.  TIBIALIS ANTERIOR – action: to flex or rotate the foot.

    97.  EXTENSOR PEDIS – action: to extend the toes and draw the foot forward.

    98.  LONG PERONEUS – action: to turn the lower end of limb outwards.

    99.  SHORT EXTENSOR – action: to extend the toes.

    100. PHALANGES

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