In The Name Of Allah Most Gracious Most Merciful
Assalaamu alaykum wa rahmatuallahi wa barakatuhu
The chain from prophethood to
Khilafah[caliphate] then oppressive partially unjust rules/kings then to
tyrannical rule then to caliphate again.
The Caliphate
632: Death of the Holy Prophet. Election of Hadrat Abu Bakr as the
Caliph. Usamah leads expedition to Syria. Battles of Zu Qissa and Abraq.
Battles of Buzakha, Zafar and Naqra. Campaigns against Bani Tamim and
Musailima, the Liar.
633: Campaigns in Bahrain, Oman, Mahrah Yemen, and Hadramaut. Raids in Iraq. Battles of
Kazima, Mazar, Walaja, Ulleis, Hirah, Anbar, Ein at tamr, Daumatul Jandal and
Firaz.
634: Battles of Basra, Damascus and Ajnadin. Death of Hadrat
Abu Bakr. Hadrat Umar Farooq becomes the Caliph. Battles of Namaraq and
Saqatia.
635: Battle of Bridge. Battle of Buwaib. Conquest of Damascus.
Battle of Fahl.
636: Battle of Yermuk. Battle of Qadsiyia. Conquest of Madain.
637: Conquest of Syria. Fall of Jerusalem. Battle of Jalula.
638: Conquest of Jazirah.
639: Conquest of Khuizistan. Advance into Egypt.
640: Capture of the post of Caesaria in Syria. Conquest of
Shustar and Jande Sabur in Persia. Battle of Babylon in Egypt.
641: Battle of Nihawand. Conquest Of Alexandria in Egypt.
642: Battle of Rayy in Persia. Conquest of Egypt. Foundation of
Fustat.
643: Conquest of Azarbaijan and Tabaristan (Russia).
644: Conquest of Fars, Kerman, Sistan, Mekran and
Kharan.Martyrdom of Hadrat Umar. Hadrat Othman becomes the Caliph.
645: Campaigns in Fats.
646: Campaigns in Khurasan, Armeain and Asia Minor.
647: Campaigns in North Africa. Conquest of the island of
Cypress.
648: Campaigns against the Byzantines.
651: Naval battle of the Masts against the Byzantines.
652: Discontentment and disaffection against the rule of Hadrat
Othman.
656: Martyrdom of Hadrat Othman. Hadrat Ali becomes the Caliph.
Battle of the Camel.
657: Hadrat Ali shifts the capital from Madina to Kufa. Battle
of Siffin. Arbitration
proceedings at Daumaut ul Jandal.
658: Battle of Nahrawan.
659: Conquest of Egypt by Mu'awiyah.
660: Hadrat Ali recaptures Hijaz and Yemen from Mu'awiyah.
Mu'awiyah declares himself as the Caliph at Damascus.
The Kingdom
KING -661: Martyrdom of Hadrat Ali. Accession of
Hadrat Hasan and his abdication. Mu'awiyah becomes the sole Caliph.
The Tyrannical Rule
TYRANT 680: Death of Muawiyah. Accession of Yazid.
Tragedy of Kerbala and martyrdom of Hadrat Hussain.
Return Of Caliphate
CALIPH 684: Abdullah b Zubair declares himself aS
the Caliph at'Makkah. Marwan I becomes the Caliph' at Damascus. Battle of Marj
Rahat.
CALIPH 685: Death of Marwan I. Abdul Malik
becomes the Caliph at Damascus. Battle of Ain ul Wada.
CALIPH 692: The fall of Makkah. Death of Abdullah
b Zubair. Abdul Malik becomes the sole Caliph.
695: Khawarij revolts in Jazira and Ahwaz. Battle of the Karun.
Campaigns against Kahina in North Africa. The' Muslims once again withdraw to
Barqa. The Muslims advance in Transoxiana and occupy Kish.
700: Campaigns against the
Berbers in North Africa.
702: Ashath's rebellion in
Iraq, battle of Deir ul Jamira.
Return Of Kingdom
705: Death of Abdul Malik.
Accession of Walid I as Caliph.
711: Conquest of Spain,
Sind and Transoxiana.
712: The Muslims advance
in Spain, Sind and Transoxiana.
713: Conquest of Multan.
Return Of Tyrannical Rule.
715: Death of Walid I.
Accession of Sulaiman.
716: Invasion of
Constantinople.
Return Of Caliphate
717: Death of Sulaiman.
Accession of Umar b Abdul Aziz.
Return Of Kingdom
720: Death of Umar b Abdul
Aziz. Accession of Yazid II.
724: Death of Yazid II.
Accession of Hisham.
725: The Muslims occupy
Nimes in France.
732: The battle of Tours
in France.
737: The Muslims meet
reverse at Avignon in France.
740: Shia revolt under Zaid b Ali. Berber revolt in North Africa. Battle of the
Nobles.
741: Battle of Bagdoura
in North Africa.
742: The Muslim rule
restored in Qiarowan.
743: Death of Hisham.
Accession of Walid II. Shia revolt in Khurasan under Yahya b Zaid.
744: Deposition of Walid
I1. Accession of Yazid II1 and his death. Accession of Ibrahim and his
overthrow. Battle of Ain al Jurr. Accession of Marwan II.
745: Kufa and Mosul
occupied by the Khawarjites.
746: Battle of Rupar
Thutha, Kufa and Mosul occupied by Marwan II.
747: Revolt of Abu Muslim
in Khurasan.
748: Battle of Rayy.
749: Battles of lsfahan
and Nihawand. Capture of Kufa by the Abbasids. As Saffah becomes the Abbasid
Caliph at Kufa.
750: Battle of Zab. Fall
of Damascus. End of the Umayyads.
751: Conquest of Wasit by
the Abbasid. Murder of the Minister Abu Salama.
754: Death of As Saffah.
Accession of Mansur as the Caliph.
755: Revolt of Abdullah b
Ali. MUrder of Abu Muslim. Sunbadh revolt in Khurasan.
756: Abdul Rahman founds
the Umayyad state in Spain.
762: Shia revolt under
Muhammad (Nafs uz Zakia) and Ibrahim.
763: Foundation of
Baghdad. Defeat of the Abbasids in Spain.
767: Khariji state set up
by Ibn Madrar at Sijilmasa. Ustad Sees revolt in Khurasan.
772: Battle of Janbi in
North Africa. Rustamid. state set up in Morocco.
775: Death or the Abbasid
Caliph Mansur, Accession of Mahdi,
777: Battle of Saragossa
in Spain.
785: Death of the Caliph
Mahdi. Accession of Hadi.
786: Death of Hadi.
Accession of Harun ur Rashid.
788: Idrisid state set
up in the Maghrib. Death of Abdul Rahman of Spain, and accession of Hisham.
792: Invasion of South
France.
796: Death of Hisham in
Spain; accession of al Hakam.
799: Suppression of the
revolt of the Khazars. Ninth century.
Islamic History (Chronology)
9th Century (800-899) C.E.
800: The Aghlabid rule is
established in North Africa.
803: Downfall of the
Barmakids. Execution of Jafar Barmki.
805: Campaigns against
the Byzantines. Capture of the islands of Rhodes and Cypress.
809: Death of Harun ur
Rashid. Accession of Amin.
814: Civil war between
Amin and Mamun. Amin killed and Mamun becomes the Caliph.
815: Shia revolt under Ibn Tuba Tabs.
816: Shia revolt in
Makkah; Harsama quells the revolt. In Spain the Umayyads capture the island of
Corsica.
817: Harsama killed.
818: The Umayyads of
Spain capture the islands of Izira, Majorica, and Sardinia.
819: Mamun comes to
Baghdad.
820: Tahir establishes
the rule of the Tahirids in Khurasan.
822: Death of AI Hakam in
Spain; accession of Abdul Rahman. II.
823: Death of Tahir in
Khurasan. Accession of Talha and his deposition. Accession of Abdullah b Tahir.
827: Mamun declares the
Mutazila creed as the state religion.
833: Death of Mamun.
Accession of Mutasim.
836: Mutasim shifts the
capital to Samarra. 837 Revolt of the Jats.
838: Revolt of Babek in
Azarbaijan suppressed.
839: Revolt of Maziar in
Tabaristan. The Muslims occupy South Italy. Capture of the city of Messina in
Sicily.
842: Death of Mutasim,
accession of Wasiq.
843: Revolts of the
Arabs.
847: Death of Wasiq,
accession of Mutawakkil.
850: Mutawakkil restores
orthodoxy.
849: Death of the Tahirid
ruler Abdullah b Tahir; accession of Tahir II.
852: Death of Abdur
Rahman II of Spain;. accession of Muhammad I.
856: Umar b Abdul Aziz
founds the Habbarid rule in Sind.
858: Mutawakkil founds
the town of Jafariya.
860: Ahmad founds the
Samanid rule in Transoxiana.
861: Murder of the
Abbasid Caliph Mutawakkil; accession of Muntasir.
862: Muntasir poisoned
to death; accession of Mutasin.
864: Zaidi state established
in Tabaristan by Hasan b Zaid.
866: Mutasim flies from
Samarra, his depostion and accession of Mutaaz.
867: Yaqub b Layth founds
the Saffarid rule in Sistan.
868: Ahmad b Tulun founds
the Tulunid rule in Egypt.
869: The Abbasid Caliph
Mutaaz forced to abdicate, his death and accession of Muhtadi.
870: Turks revolt against
Muhtadi, his death and accession of Mutamid.
873: Tahirid rule
extinguished.
874: Zanj revolt in South
Iraq. Death of the Samanid ruler Ahmad, accession of Nasr.
877: Death of Yaqubb Layth
in Sistan, accession of Amr b Layth.
885: Death of Ahmad b
Tulun in Egypt, accession of Khamar- wiyiah.
866: Death of Muhammad I
the Umayyad ruler of Spain, accession of Munzir. Death of Abdullah b Umar the
Habbari ruler of Sind.
888: Death of Munzir the
Umayyad ruler of Spain, accession of Abbullah.
891: The Qarmatian state
established at Bahrain.
892: Death of the
Samanid ruler Nasr, accession of Ismail.
894: The Rustamids become
the vassals of Spain.
896: Death of the Tulunid
ruler Khamarwiyiah; accession of Abul Asakir Jaish.
897: Assassination of
Abul Asakir Jaish; accession of Abu Musa Harun.
898: Qarmatians sack
Basra,
Islamic History (Chronology)
10th Century (900-999) C.E.
902: Death of the Abbasid
Caliph Muktafi; death of the Saffarid ruler Amr.
903: Assassination of the
Qarmatian ruler Abu Said; accession of Abu Tahir.
905: Abdullah b Hamdan
founds the Hamdanid rule in Mosul and Jazira. End of the Tulunid rule in Egypt.
907: Death of the Abbasid
Caliph Muktafi; accession of Muqtadir,
908: End of the Saffarid
rule, annexation of their territories by the Samanids.
909: Ubaidullah
overthrows the Aghlablds and founds the Fatimid rule in North Africa.
912: Death of the
Umayyad Amir Abdullah in Spain, accession of Abdur Rahman III.
913: Assassination of
the Samanid ruler Ahmad II, accession of Nasr II.
928: Mardawij b Ziyar
founds the Ziyarid rule in Tabaristan.
929: Qarmatians sack
Makkah and carry away the Black Stone from the Holy Kaaba. In Spain, Abdur
Rahman III declares himself as the Caliph.
931: Deposition and
restoration of the Abbasid Caliph Muqtadir. Death of the Qarmatian ruler Abu
Tahir; accession of Abu Mansur.
932: Death of the
Abbasid Caliph Muqtadir; accession of Al Qahir.
934: Deposition of the
Abbasid Caliph AI Qahir; accession of Ar Radi. Death of the Fatimid Caliph
Ubaidullah ; accession of Al Qaim.
935: Assassination of the
Ziyarid ruler Mardawij; accession of Washimgir. Death of Hamdanid ruler
Abdullah b Hamdan accession of Nasir ud Daula.
936: By coup Ibn Raiq
becomes the Amir ul Umara.
938: By another coup
power at Baghdad is captured by Bajkam.
940: Death of the Abbasid
Caliph Ar Radi, accession of Muttaqi.
941: Assassination of
Bajkam, capture of power by Kurtakin.
942: Ibn Raiq recaptures
power.
943: Al Baeidi captures
power. The Abbasid Caliph Muttaqi is forced to seek refuge with the Hamdanids.
Sail ud Daula captures power at Baghdad and the Caliph returns to' Baghdad.
Power is captured by Tuzun and Sail ud Daula retires' to Mosul. Death of the
Samanid ruler Nasr II, accession of Nuh.
944: Muttaqi is blinded
and deposed, accession of Mustakafi.
945: Death of Tuzun.
Shirzad becomes Amir ul Umra. The Buwayhids capture power. Deposition of the
Abbasid Caliph Mustakafi.
946: Death of the Fatimid
Caliph A1 Qaim. accession of Mansur. Death of the Ikhshid ruler Muhammad b
Tughj, accession of Abul' Qasim Ungur. 951: The
Qarnaatiana restore the Black Stone to the Holy Kaaba.
954: Death of the Sasanid
ruler Nuh, accession of Abdul Malik.
961: Death of the Samanid
ruler Abdul Malik, accession of Manauf. Alptgin founds the rule of the
Ghazanavids. Death of the Umayyad Caliph Abdul Rahman III in Spain; accession
of Hakam. Death of the Ikhshid ruler Ungur accession of Abul Hasan Ali.
965: Death of the
Qarmatian ruler Abu Mansur; accession of Hasan Azam. Assassination of the
Ikhshid ruler Abul Hasan Ali; power captured by Malik Kafur.
967: Death of the Buwayhid
Sultan Muiz ud Daula, accession of Bakhtiar. Death of the Hamdanid ruler Sail
ud Daula.
968: Byzantines occupy
Aleppo. Death of the Ikhshid ruler Malik Kafur; accession of Abul Fawaris.
969: The Fatimids conquer
Egypt.
972: Buluggin b Ziri
founds the rule of the Zirids Algeria.
973: Shia Sunni
disturbances in Baghdad; power captured in Baghdad by the Turkish General
Subuktgin.
974: Abdication of the
Abbasid Caliph AI Muttih; accession of At Taii.
975: Death of the Turk
General Subuktgin. Death of the Fatimid Caliph Al Muizz.
976: The Buwayhid Sultan
Izz ud Daula recaptures power with the help of his cousin Azud ud Daula. Death
of the Samanid ruler Mansur, accession of Nuh II. In Spain death of the Umayyad
Caliph Hakam, accession of Hisham II.
978: Death of the Buwayhid
Sultan Izz ud Daula, power captured by Azud ud Daula. The Hamdanids overthrown
by the Buwayhids.
979: Subkutgin becomes the
Amir of Ghazni.
981: End of the Qarmatian
rule at Bahrain.
982: Death of the-
Buwayhid Sultan Azud ud Daula; accession of Samsara ud Daula.
984: Death of the Zirid
ruler Buluggin, accession of Mansur.
986: The Buwyhid Sultan
Samsara ud Daula overthrown by Sharaf ud Daula.
989: Death of the Buwayhid
Sultan Sharaf ud Daula, accession of Baha ud Daula.
991: Deposition of the
Abbasid Caliph At Taii, accession of AI Qadir.
996: Death of the Zirid
ruler Mansur, accession of Nasir ud Daula Badis.
997: Death of the Samanid
ruler Nuh II, accession of Mansur II.
998: Death of the Samanid
ruler Mansur II, accession of Abdul Malik II. Mahmud becomes the Amir of
Ghazni. 999 End of the Samanids.
Islamic History (Chronology)
11th Century (1000-1099) C.E.
1001: Mahmud Ghazanavi
defeats the Hindu Shahis.
1004: Mahmud captures
Bhatiya.
1005: Mahmud captures
Multan and Ghur.
1008: Mahmud defeats the
Rajput confederacy.
1010: Abdication of
Hisham II in Spain. accession of Muhammad.
1011: In Spain Muhammad
is overthrown by Sulaiman.
1012: In Spain power is
captured by Bani Hamud. Death of the Buwayhid Baha ud Daula, accession of
Sultan ud Daula.
1016: Death of the Zirrid
ruler Nasir ud Daula Badis; accession of AI Muizz.
1018: In Spain power is
captured by Abdul Rahman IV.
1019: Conquest of the
Punjab by Mahmud Ghazanavi.
1020: The Buwayhid Sultan
ud Daula is Overthrown by Musharaf ud Daula, Death of the Fatimid Caliph AI
Hakim, accession of Al Zahir.
1024: In Spain
assassination of Abdul Rahman IV, accession of Mustafi.
1025: Death of the
Buwayhid Mushgraf ud Daula, accession of Jalal ud Daula.
1029: In Spain death of
Mustaft, accession of Hisham III.
1030: Death of Mahmud
Ghazanavi.
1031: In Spain deposition of
Hisharn III, and end of the Umayyad rule. Death of the Abbasid Caliph Al Qadir,
accession of Al Qaim.
1036: Death of the Fatimid
Caliph AI Zahir, accession of Mustansir. Tughril Beg is crowned as the king of
the Seljuks.
1040: Battle of Dandanqan,
the Seljuks defeat the Ghazanavids. Deposition of Masud the Ghazanavid Sultan,
accession of Muhammad. AI Moravids come to power in North Africa.
1041: The Ghazanavid
Sultan Muhammad is overthrown by Maudud.
1044: Death of the Buwayhid
Jalal ud Daula, accession of Abu Kalijar.
1046: Basasiri captures
power in Baghdad.
1047: The Zirids in North
Africa repudiate allegiance to the Fatimid and transfer allegiance to-the
Abbasids.
1048: Death of the
Buwayhid Abu Kalijar, accession of Malik ur Rahim.
1050: Yusuf b Tashfin
comes to power .in the Maghrib.
1055: Tughril Beg
overthrows the Buwayhids.
1057: Basasiri recaptures
power in Baghdad, deposes Al Qaim and offers allegiance to the Fatimid Caliph.
1059: Tughril Beg
recaptures power in Baghdad, al Qaim is restored as the Caliph.
1060: Ibrahim becomes the
Sultan of Ghazni. Yusuf b Tashfin founds the city of Marrakesh. The Zirids
abandon their capital Ashir and establish their capital at Bougie.
1062: Death of the Zirid
ruler AI Muizz, accession of Tamin.
1063: Death of the Seljuk
Sultan Tughril Beg; accession of Alp Arsalan.
1071: Battle of
Manzikert, the Byzantine emperor taken captive by the Seljuks.
1073: Death of Alp
Arsalan, accession of Malik Shah.
1077: Death of the Abbasid
Caliph AI Qaim, accession of AI Muqtadi.
1082: The A1 Moravids
conquer Algeria.
1086: Battle of Zallakha.
The AI Moravids defeat the Christians in Spain. Death of the Rum Sejuk Sultan
Sulaiman, accession of Kilij Arsalan.
1091: The Normans conquer
the island of Sicily; end of the Muslim rule.
1092: Death of the Seljuk
Sultan Malik Shah, accession of Mahmud.
1094: Death of Mahmud;
accession of Barkiaruk. Death of the Abbasid Caliph AI Muqtadi, accession of
Mustahzir.
1095: The first crusade.
1099: The crusaders capture
Jerusalem.
Islamic History (Chronology)
12th Century (1100-1199) C.E.
1101: Death or the
Fatimid Caliph Al Mustaali, accession of Al Aamir.
1105: Death of the Seljuk
Sultan Barkiaruk, accession Of Muhammad.
1106: Death of the AI
Motavid Yusuf b Tashfin.
1107: Death of the Rum Seljuk
Sultan Kilij Arsalan, succession of Malik Shah.
1108: Death of the Zirid
ruler Tamin, accession of Yahya.
1116: Death of the Rum
Seljuk Sultan Malik Shah. accession of Rukn ud Din Masud.
1118: Death of the Seljuk
Sultan Muhammad; accession of Mahmud II. Death of the Abbasid Caliph Mustahzir,
accession of Mustarshid. In Spain the Christians capture Saragossa.
1121: Death of the
Fatimid Caliph AI Aamir, accession of AI Hafiz.
1127: Imad ud Din Zangi
establishes the Zangi rule In Mosul.
1128: Death of the
Khawarzam Shah Qutb ud Din Muhammad; accession of Atsiz.
1130: Death of the Seljuk
Sultan Mahmud II; accession of Tughril Beg II.
1134: Assassination of
the Abbasid Caliph Mustarshid; accession of Al Rashid. Death of the Seljuk
Sultan Tughril Beg II, accession of Masud.
1135: Deposition of the
Abbasid Caliph AI Rashid, accession of AI Muktafi.
1144: Imad ud Din Zangi
captures Edessa from the Christians, second crusade.
1146: Death of Imad ud
Din Zangi, accession of Nur ud Din Zangi.
1147: In the Maghrib AI
Moravids overthrown by the Al Mohads under Abul Mumin.
1148: End of the Zirid
rule' in North Africa.
1149: Death of the
Fatimid Caliph AI Hafiz, accession of AI Zafar.
1152: Death of the Seljuk
Sultan Masud, accession of Malik Shah II. Hamadid rule extinguished in North
Africa.
1153: Death of the Seljuk
Sultan Malik Shah I1, accession of Muhammad II.
1154: Death of the
Fatimid Caliph AI Zafar, accession of AI Faiz.
1156: Death of the Rum
Seljuk Sultan Rukn ud Din Masid, accession of Arsalan II.
1159: Death of the Seljuk
Sultan Muhammad II, accession of Gulaiman.
1160: Death of the Abbasid
Caliph AI Mukta, accession of Al Mustanjid. Death of the Fatimid Caliph Al
Faiz, accession of Al Azzid.
1161: Death of the Seljuk
Sulaiman, accession of Arsalan Shah.
1163: Death of the AI
Mohad ruler Abul Mumin, accession of Abu Yaqub Yusuf.
1170: Death of the Abbasid
Caliph Mustanjid, accession of Al Mustazii.
1171: Death of the
Fatimid Caliph AI Azzid. End of the Fatimids. Salah ud Din founds the Ayyubid
dynasty in Egypt.
1172: Death of the
Khawarzam Shah Arsalan, accession of Sultan Shah.
1173: The Khawarzam Shah
Sultan Shah is overthrown by Tukush Shah.
1174: Salah ud Din annexes
Syria.
1175: The Ghurids defeat
the Guzz Turks and occupy Ghazni.
1176: Death of the Seljuk
Sultan Arsalan Shah, accession of Tughril Beg III.
1179: Death of the
Abbasid Caliph AI Mustazaii, accession of AI Nasir. Shahab ud Din Ghuri
captures Peshawar.
1185: Death of the AI
Mohad ruler Abu Yaqub Yusuf, accession of Abu Yusuf Yaqub.
1186: The Ghurids
overthrow the Ghaznvaids in the Punjab.
1187: Salah ud Din wrests
Jerusalem from the Christians, third crusade.
1191: Battle of Tarain
between the Rajputs and the Ghurids.
1193: Death of Salah ud
Din; accession of Al Aziz. Second battleof Tarain.
1194: Occupation of Delhi
by the Muslims. End of the Seljuk rule.
1199: Death of the
Khawarzam Shah Tukush Shah; accession of Ala ud Din. Death of the AI Mohad
ruler Abu Yusuf Yaqub; accession of Muhammad Nasir. Conquest of Northern India
and Bengal by the Ghurids.
Islamic History (Chronology)
13th Century (1200-1299) C.E.
1202: Death of the Ghurid
Sultan Ghias ud Din; accession of Mahmud.
1204: Shahab ud Din Ghuri
defeated by the Ghuzz Turks.
1206: Death of Shahab ud
Din Ghuri. Qutb ud Din Aibik crowned king in Lahore.
1210: Assassination of the
Ghurid Sultan MahmUd, accession of Sam. Death of Qutb ud Din Aibak, accession
of Aram Shah in India.
1211: End of the Ghurid
rule, their territories annexed by the Khawarzam Shahs. In India Aram Shah
overthrown by Iltutmish.
1212: Battle of AI Uqab in
Spain, end of the AI Mohad rule in Spain. The AI Mohads suffer defeat by the
Christians in Spain at the Al-Uqba. The AI Mohad Sultan An Nasir escapes to
Morocco where he dies soon after. Accession of his son Yusuf who takes over
title of AI Mustansir.
1214: In North Africa
death of the AI Mohad ruler Al Nasir, accession of Al Mustansir. The Banu Marin
under their leader Abdul Haq occupy the north
eastern part of Morocco.
1216: The Banu Marin
under their leader Abdul Haq occupy north eastern part of Morocco. The AI
Mohads suffer defeat by the Marinids at the battle of Nakur. The Banu Marin
defeat the AI Mobads at the battle of Nakur.
1217: The Marinids suffer
defeat in the battle fought on the banks of the Sibu river. Abdul Haq is killed
and the Marinids evacuate Morocco. In the battle of Sibu the Marinids suffer
defeat; their leader Abdul Haq is killed and they evacuate Morocco.
1218: Death of the
Ayyubid ruler AI Adil, accession of AI Kamil. The Marinids return to Morocco
under their leader Othman and occupy Fez.
1220: Death of the
Khawarzam Shah Ala ud Din, accession of Jalal ud Din Mangbarni.
1222: Death of the Zangi
ruler Nasir ud Din Mahmud, power captured by Badr ud Din Lulu.
1223: Death of the Al
Mohad ruler Muntasir, accession of Abdul Wahid. Death of Yusuf AI Mustansir,
accession of Abdul Wahid in Morocco.. In Spain a brother of Yusuf declares his
independence and assumes the title of AI Adil. In Spain Abu Muhammad overthrows
AI Adil. AI Adil escapes to Morocco and overthrows Abdul Wahid.
1224: Death of the AI
Mohad ruler Abdul Wahid, accession of Abdullah Adil.
1225: Death of the
Abbasid Caliph AI Nasir, accession of AI Mustansir.
1227: Death of the AI Mohad
ruler Abdullah Adil, accession of Mustasim. Assassination of Al Adil, accession
of his son Yahya who assumes the throne under the name of Al Mustasim.
1229: Death of the AI
Mohad ruler Mustasim, accession of Idris. The Ayyubid AI Kamil restores Jerusalem
to the Christians. Abu Muhammad dies in Spain and is succeeded by Al Mamun. AI
Mamun invades Morocco with Christian help. Yahya is
defeated and power is captured by Al Mamun. He denies the Mahdiship of Ibn
Tumarat.
1230: End of the Khawarzam
Shah rule.
1232: Death of the AI
Mohad ruler Idris, accession, of Abdul Wahid II. Assassination of Al Mamun;
accession of his son Ar-Rashid.
1234: Death of the Ayyubid
ruler AI Kamil, accession of AI Adil.
1236: Death of Delhi
Sultan Iltutmish. Accession of Rukn ud Din Feroz Shah.
1237: Accession of Razia
Sultana as Delhi Sultan.
1240: Death of Ar-Rashid;
accession of his son Abu Said.
1241: Death of Razia
Sultana, accession of Bahram Shah.
1242: Death of Bahram
Shah, accession of Ala ud Din Masud Shah as Delhi Sultan. Death of the AI Mohad
rules Abdul Wahid, accession of Abu Hasan. Death of the Abbasid Caliph
Mustansir, accession of Mustasim.
1243: Death of the AI
Mohad ruler Abdul Walid II, accession of
1244: The Al Mohads defeat
the Marinids at the battle of Abu Bayash. The Marinids evacuate Morocco.
1245: The Muslims
reconquer Jerusalem.
1246: Death of the Delhi
Sultan Ala ud Din Masud Shah, accession of Nasir ud Din Mahmud Shah.
1248: Death of the AI
Mohad ruler Abul Hasan, accession of Omar Murtaza. Abu Said attacks Tlemsen,
but is ambushed and killed; accession of his son Murtada.
1250: The Marinids return
to Morocco, and occupy a greatar part thereof.
1258: The Mongols sack
Baghdad. Death of the Abbasid Caliph Mustasim. End of the Abbasid rule. Fall of
Baghdad, end of the Abbasid caliphate. The Mongol II-Khans under Halaku
establish their rule in Iran and Iraq with the capital at Maragah. Berek Khan
the Muslim chief of the Golden Horde protests against the treatment meted out
to the Abbasid Caliph and withdraw his Contingent from Baghdad.
1259: Abu Abdullah the
Hafsid ruler declares himself as the Caliph and assumes the name of AI
Mustamir.
1260: Battle of Ayn Jalut
in Syria. The Mongols are defeated by the Mamluks of Egypt, and the spell of
the invincibility of the Mongols is broken. Baybars becomes the Mamluk Sultan.
1262: Death of Bahauddin
Zikriya in Multan who is credited with the introduction of the Suhrawardi Sufi
order in the IndoPakistan sub-continent.
1265: Death of Halaku.
Death of Fariduddin Ganj Shakkar the Chishti saint of the Indo-Pakistan
sub-continent.
1266: Death of Berek Khan
the first ruler of the Golden Horde to be converted to Islam. The eighth
crusade. The crusaders invade Tunisia. Failure of the crusade.
1267: Malik ul Salih
establishes the first Muslim state of Samudra Pasai in Indonesia. Murtada seeks
the help of the Christians, and the Spaniards invade Morocco. The Marinids
drive away the Spaniards from Morocco. Assassination of Murtada; accession of
Abu Dabbas.
1269: Abu Dabbas is
overthrown by the Marinida, End of the Al Mohads. End of the rule of the AI
Mohads in Morocco, the Marinids come to power in Morocco under Abu Yaqub.
1270: Death of Mansa Wali
the founder of the Muslim rule in M ali.
1272: Death of Muhammad I
the founder of the state of Granada. Yaghmurason invades Morocco but meets a
reverse at the battle
1273: Death of Jalaluddin
Rumi.
1274: Death of Nasiruddin
Tusi. The Marinids wrest Sijilmasa from the Zayenids. Ninth crusade under
Edward I of England. The crusade ends in fiasco and Edward returns to England.
1277: Death of Baybars.
1280: Battle of Hims.
1283: Death of
Yaghmurasan. Accession of his son Othman.
1285: Tunisis splits in
Tunis and Bougie.
1286: Death of Ghiasuddin
Balban. Death of Abu Yusuf Yaqub. Bughra Khan declares his independence in
Bengal under the name of Nasiruddin.
1290: End of the slave
dynasty Jalaluddin Khilji comes into power. Othman embarks on a career of
conquest and by 1290 C.E. most of the Central Maghreb is conquered by the
Zayanids.
1291: Saadi.
1296: Alauddin Ghazan
converted to Islam.
1299: Mongols invade
Syria. The Marinids besiege Tlemsen the capital of the Zayanids.
Islamic History (Chronology)
14th Century (1300-1399) C.E.
1301: In Bengal, Death of
Ruknuddin the king of Bengal, succeeded by brother Shamsuddin Firuz.
1302: In Granada, Death of
Muhammad II; succession of Muhammad III.
1304: In the Mongols II
Khans empire, Death of Ghazan, succession of his brother
Khudabanda Ul Jaytu. In Algeria, Death of Othman, succession of his son Abu
Zayan Muhammad.
1305: In the Khiljis
empire, Alauddin Khilji conquers Rajputana.
1306: In the Chughills
empire, Death of Dava, succession of his son Kunjuk.
1307: In the Marinids
empire, Assassination of the Marinid Sultan Abu Yaqub Yusuf; accession of Abu
Thabit
1308: In the Chughills
empire, Deposition of Kunjuk, power captured by Taliku. In Algeria, Death of
Abu Zayan Muhammad, succession of his brother Abu Hamuw Musa. In the Marinids
empire, Abu Thabit overthrown by Abu Rabeah Sulaiman.
1309: In the Chughills
empire, Assassination of Taliku, accession of Kubak. In Granada, Muhammad III
overthrown by his uncle Abul Juyush Nasr.
1310: In the Chughills
empire, Kubak overthrown by his brother Isan Buga. In the Marinids empire, Abu
Rabeah Sulaiman overthrown by Abu Said Othman. In the Khiljis empire, Alauddin
conquers Deccan.
1312: In Tunisia, In
Tunis Abul Baqa is overthrown by Al Lihiani.
1313: In the Mongols II
Khans empire, Invasion of Syria, the Mongols repulsed. In the Golden Horde
empire, Death of Toktu, accession of his nephew Uzbeg.
1314: In Kashmir,
Rainchan an adventurer from Baltistan overthrows Sinha Deva the Raja of
Kashmir. Rainchan is converted to Islam and adopts the name of Sadrud Din. In
Granada, Abul Juyush overthrown by his nephew Abul Wahid Ismail.
1315: In Tunisia, War
between Bougie and Tunis, Lihani defeated and killed. Abu Bakr becomes the
ruler of Bougie and Tunis.
1316: In the Mongols II
Khans empire, Death of Khudabanda Ul Jaytu,
succession of Abu Said. In the Khiljis empire, Death of Alauddin, accession of
Shahabuddin Umar, usurpation of power by Malik Kafur, a Hindu convert.
1318: In the Khiljis
empire, Assassination of Malik Kafur, deposition of Shahabuddin Umar, accession
of Qutbuddin Mubarak. In the Chughills empire, Isan Buga overthrown by Kubak.
1320: In the Khiljis
empire, Assassination of Qutbuddin Mubarak, usurpation of power by Khusro Khan
a Hindu convert. Khusro Khan overthrown by Ghazi Malik. End of the rule of
Khiljis. In Tunisia, Abu Bakr expelled from Tunis by Abu Imran. In the Tughluqs
empire, Ghazi Malik founds the rule of the
Tughluq dynasty.
1321: In the Chughills
empire, Death of Kubak, succession of Hebbishsi who is overthrown by Dava
Temur.
1322: In the Chughills
empire, Dava Temur overthrown by Tarmashirin, who is converted to Islam. In
Bengal, Death of Shamsuddin Firuz. The kingdom divided into two parts.
Ghiasuddin Bahadur became the ruler of East Bengal with the capital at
Sonargaon, Shahabuddin became the ruler of West Bengal with the capital at
Lakhnauti.
1324: In Bengal,
Shahabuddin dies and is succeeded by his brother Nasiruddin.
1325: In the Tughluqs
empire, Death of Ghazi Malik (Ghiasuddin Tughluq); accession of his son Muhammad
Tughluq. In Granada, Assassination of Abul Wahid Ismail, succession of his son
Muhammad IV. Assassination of Muhammad IV. Accession of his brother Abul Hallaj
Yusuf. In the Samudra Pasai empire, Death of Malik al Tahir I, accession of
Malik al Tahir II. In Bengal, With the help of Ghiasuddin Tughluq, Nasiruddin
over-throws. Ghiasuddin Bahadur and himself become's the ruler of United
Bengal.
1326: In the Ottoman
Turks empire, Death of Othman, succession of Orkhan. Orkhan conquers Bursa and
makes it his capital.
1327: In the Ottoman
Turks empire, The Turks capture the city of Nicaea.
1329: In the Tughluqs
empire, Muhammad Tughluq shifts the capital from Delhi to Daulatabad in Deccan.
1330: In the Chughills
empire, Death of Tramashirin, succession of Changshahi. Amir Hussain
establishes the rule of the Jalayar dynasty at Baghdad. In Tunisia, Abu Bakr
overthrows Abu Imran and the state is again united, under him. In Bengal,
Muhammad b Tughluq reverses the policy of his father and restores Ghiasuddin Bahadur
to the throne of Sonargeon.
1331: In the Marinids
empire, Death of Abu Said Othman, sucession of Abul Hasan.
In Bengal, Annexation of Bengal by the Tughluqs.
1335: In the Mongols II
Khans empire, Death of Abu Said, power captured by Arpa Koun. In the Chughills
empire, Assassination of Changshahi, accession of Burun.
1336: In the Mongols II
Khans empire, Arpa defeated and killed, succeeded by Musa. Birth of Amir Temur.
In the Jalayar empire, Death of Amir Hussain, succession of Hasan Buzurg. In
the Ottoman Turks empire, The Turks annex the state of Karasi. In Bengal, The
Tughluq Governor at Sonargeon assassinated by armour bearer who captured power
and declared his independence assuming the name of Fakhruddin Mubarak Shah.
1337: In the Mongols II
Khans empire, The rule of Musa overthrown, Muhammad becomes the Sultan. In the
Sarbadaran empire, On the disintegration of the II-Khan rule, Abdur Razaq a
military adventurer establishes an independent principality in Khurasan with
the capital at Sabzwar. In the Muzaffarids empire, On the disintegration of the
II Khan rule Mubarazud Din Muhammad established the rule of the Muzaffarid
dynasty. In the Ottoman Turks empire, The Turks capture the city of Nicomedia.
In Algeria, Algeria is occupied by Marinids.
1338: In the Mongols II
Khans empire, Muhammad overthrown, succession of Sati Beg. Sati Beg marries
Sulaiman who becomes the co-ruler.
1339: In Kashmir, Death
of Sadrud Din, throne captured by a Hindu Udyana Deva. In the Chughills empire,
Deposition of Burun, accession of Isun Temur. In Bengal, The Tughluq Governor
at Lakhnauti-Qadr Khan assassinated and power is captured by the army
commander-in-chief who declares his independence and assumes the title of
Alauddin Ali Shah.
1340: In the Muzaffarids
empire, The Muzaffarids conquer Kirman. In the Chughills empire, Deposition of
Isun Temur, accession of Muhammad.
1341: In the Golden Horde
empire, Death of Uzbeg, succession of his son Tini Beg.
1342: In the Golden Horde
empire, Tini Beg overthrown by his brother Jani Beg.
1343: In the Chughills
empire, Muhammad overthrown, power captured by Kazan. In Bengal, Ilyas an
officer of Alauddin murders his patron and captures the throne of West Bengal.
1344: In the Mongols II
Khans empire, Deposition of Sulaiman, succession of Anusherwan.
1345: In the Samudra Pasai
empire, Death of Malik al Tahir II, accession of Tahir III. His rule lasted
throughout the fourteenth century. In Bengal, llyas captures East Bengal and
under him Bengal is again united. He establishes his capital at Gaur.
1346: In the Chughills
empire, Deposition of Kazan, accession of Hayan Kuli. In Tunisia, Death of Abu
Bakr, succession of his son Fadal. In Kashmir, Death of Udyana Deva, throne
captured by Shah Mirza who assumed the name of Shah Mir, and rounded the rule
of Shah Mir dynasty.
1347: The Marinids capture
Tunisia. In the Bahmanids empire, Hasan Gangu declares his independence and
establishes a state in Deccan with the capital at Gulbarga.
1349: In Kashmir, Death of
Shah Mir, accession of his son Jamsbed. In Algeria, The Zayanids under Abu Said
Othman recapture Algeria.
1350: In the Sarbadaran
empire, Revolt against Abdur Razaq. Power captured by Amir Masud. In Tunisia,
Deposition of Fadal, succession of his brother Abu Ishaq. In Kashmir, Jamshed
overthrown by his step brother Alauddin Ali Sher.
1351: In the Marinids
empire, Death of Abul Hasan, succession of Abu Inan. In the Tughluqs empire,
Death of Muhammad Tughluq accession of Firuz Shah Tughluq.
1352: In Algeria, The
Marinids again capture Algeria. Abu Said Othman is taken captive and killed.
1353: End of the Mongol II
Khan rule. In the Ottoman Turks empire, The Turks acquire the fortress of Tympa
on the European side of the Hollespoint. In the Muzaffarids empire, The
Muzaffarids conquer Shiraz and establish their capital there.
1354: In the Muzaffarids
empire, The Muzaffarids annex Isfahan. In Granada, Assassination of Abu Hallaj
Yusuf, succession of his son Muhammad V.
1356: In the Jalayar
empire, Death of Hasan Buzurg, succession of his son Owaia.
1357: In the Golden Horde
empire, Death of Jani Beg, succession of Kulpa.
1358: In the Bahmanids
empire, Death of Hasan Gangu, accession of his son Muhammad Shah. In the Muzaffarids empire, Death of Mubarazuddin
Muhammad; accession of Shah Shuja. In the Marinids empire, Assassination of Abu
Inan, succession of Abu Bakr Said. In Bengal, Death of Ilyas, succession of his
son Sikandar Shah.
1359: In the Ottoman Turks
empire, Death of Orkhan, succession of Murad. In the Muzaffarids empire, Shah Shuja
deposed by his brother Shah Mahmud. In Tunisia, Abul Abbas a nephew of Abu
Ishaq revolts and establishes his rule in Bougie. In Algeria, The Zayanids
under Abu Hamuw II recapture Algeria. In the Marinids empire, Abu Bakr Said
overthrown by Abu Salim Ibrahim. In Granada, Muhammad V loses the throne in
palace revolution, succeeded by Ismail.
1360: In the Muzaffarids
empire, Death of Shah Mahmud. Shah Shuja recaptures power. In the Chughills
empire, Power captured by Tughluq Temur. In Granada, Ismail overthrown by his
brother-in-law Abu Said.
1361: In the Ottoman
Turks empire, Murad conquers a part of Thrace and establishes his capital at
Demolika in Thrace. In the Golden Horde empire, Kulpa overthrown by his brother
Nauroz. In the Marinids empire, Abu Salim Ibrahim overthrown by Abu Umar. Abu
Umar overthrown by Abu Zayyan.
1362: In the Golden Horde
empire, State of anarchy. During 20 years as many as 14 rulers came to the
throne and made their exit. In Granada, Abu Said overthrown by Muhammad V who
comes to rule for the second time. In Kashmir, Death of Alauddin Ali Sher,
succeeded by his brother Shahabuddin.
1365: In the Ottoman Turks
empire, The Turks defeat the Christians at the battle of Matiza, the Byzantine
ruler becomes a vassal of the Turks.
1366: In the Marinids
empire, Assassination of Abu Zayyan, succession of Abu Faris Abdul Aziz.
1369: Power captured by
Amir Temur. End of the rule of the Chughills. Amir Temur captures power in
Transoxiana. In Tunisia, Death of Abu Ishaq. Succession of his son Abu Baqa
Khalid.
1370: In Tunisia, Abu Baqa
overthrown by Abul Abbas under whom the state is reunited. In the Sarbadaran
empire, Death of Amir Masud, succession of Muhammad Temur.
1371: In the Ottoman Turks
empire, Invasion of Bulgaria, Bulgarian territory upto the Balkans annexed by
the Turks.
1372: In the Marinids
empire, Death of Abu Faris, succession of Abu Muhammad.
1374: In the Marinids
empire, Abu Muhammad overthrown by Abul Abbas.
1375: In the Sarbadaran
empire, Deposition of Muhammad Temur, power captured by Shamsuddin. In the
Jalayar empire, Death of Owais, succession by his son Hussain.
1376: In Kashmir, Death of
Shahabuddin, succeeded by his brother Qutbuddin.
1377: In the Bahmanids
empire, Death of Muhammad Shah, succeeded
by his son Mujahid.
1378: In the Bahmanids
empire, Mujahid assassinated, throne captured by his uncle Daud.
1379: Turkomans of the
Black Sheep empire, Bairam Khawaja found the independent principality of the
Turkomans of the Black Sheep and established his capital at Van in Armenia. In
the Bahmanids empire, Assassination of Daud; accession of Muhammad Khan.
1380: In the Golden Horde
empire, Power is captured by Toktamish, a prince of the White Horde of Siberia.
In Amir Temur's empire, Amir Temur crosses the Oxus and conquers Khurasan and
Herat. Amir Temur invades Persia and subjugates the Muzaffarids and Mazandaran.
1381: In Amir Temur's
empire, Annexation of Seestan, capture of Qandhar.
1384: In Amir Temur's
empire, Conquest of Astrabad, Mazandaran, Rayy and Sultaniyah. In the Muzaffarids
empire, Death of Shah Shuja, accession of his son Zainul Abdin. In the Marinids
empire, Abul Abbas overthrown by Mustansir. Turkomans of the Black Sheep
empire, Death of Bairam Khawaja, succession of Qara Muhammad.
1386: In Amir Temur's
empire, Annexation of Azarbaijan, Georgea overrun. Subjugation of Gilan and
Shirvan. Turkomans of the Black Sheep defeated. In the Marinids empire, Death
of Mustansir, succession of Muhammad.
1387: In the Marinids
empire, Muhammad overthrown by Abul Abbas who comes to power for the second
time.
1388: In Algeria, Death
of Abu Hamuw II, succession of Abu Tashfin. In the Tughluqs empire, Death of
Firuz Shah Tughluq, succeeded by his grandson Ghiasuddin Tughluq II.
1389: In the Muzaffarids
empire, Death of the poet Hafiz Shirazi. In the
Tughluqs empire, Death of Ghiasuddin Tughluq II, accession: of Abu Bakr Tughluq Shah. Turkomans of the
Black Sheep empire, Death of Qara Muhammad. succession of Qara Yusuf.
1390: In the Tughluqs
empire, Abu Bakr overthrow by Nasiruddin Tughluq. In Bengal, Death of Sikandar
Shah, accession of his son Ghiasud. In the Burji Mamluks empire, The rule of
the Burji Mamluks rounded by Saifuddin Barquq.
1391: In Amir Temur's
empire, Annexation of Fars. In the Muzaffarids empire, Annexation of the Muzaffarids
by Amir Temur. In Granada, Death of Muhammad V, succession of his son Abu
Hallaj Yusuf II.
1392: In the Jalayar
empire, Death of Hussain, succession of his son Ahmad. In Granada, Death of Abu
Hallaj ; succession of Muhammad VI.
1393: Amir Temur defeats
Tiktomish, the ruler of the Golden Horde. Capture of the Jalayar dominions by
Amir Temur. In the Marinids empire, Death of Abul Abbas; succession of Abu
Faris II.
1394: Amir Temur defeats
the Duke of Moscow. In the Tughluqs empire, Death of
Nasiruddin Tugluq, accession of Alauddin Sikandar Shah. In Kashmir, Death of
Qutbuddin. Turkomans of the White Sheep empire, Qara Othman established the
rule of the White Sheep Turkomans in Diyarbekr.
1395: In the Golden Horde
empire, Amir Temur defeated Toktamish and razes Serai to the ground. End of the
rule of the Golden Horde. Annexation of Iraq by Amir Temur. In the Tughluqs
empire, Death of Sikandar Shah. Accession of Muhammad Shah.
1396: In the Amir Temur's empire,
Destruction of Sarai, and of the rule of the Golden Horde. In the Sarbadaran
empire, Principality annexed by Amir Temur.
1397: In the Bahmanids
empire, Death of Muhammad Khan.
1398: In the Amir Temur's
empire, Campaign in India. In the Marinids empire, Death of Abu Faris II. In
the Tughluqs empire, Invasion of Amir Timur, Mahmud Shah escapes from the
capital. In Morocco, Death of the Marinid Sultan Abu Faris II; succession of
his son Abu Said Othman.
1399: In the Amir Temur's
empire, Campaign in Iraq and Syria. In the Burji Mamluks empire, Death of
Saifuddin Barquq, succession of his son Nasiruddin in Faraj.
Islamic History (Chronology)
15th Century (1400-1499) C.E.
1400: In the Burji Mamluks
empire, The Mamluks lost Syria which was occupied by Amir Timur.
1401: In the Golden Horde
empire, Death of Timur Qutluq, the ruler, installed by Amir Timur. accession of
Shadi Beg.
1402: In the Ottoman Turks
empire, Defeat of Bayazid at the battle of Ankara, taken captive Amir Timur.
1403: In the Ottoman Turks
empire, Muhammad I, the son of Bayazid ascended the throne.
1405: In the Timurids
empire, Death of Amir Timur, succession of his son Shah Rukh.
1407: In the Golden Horde
empire, Deposition of Shadi Beg, installation of Faulad Khan by the king maker
Edigu.
1410: In the Golden Horde
empire, Deposition of Faulad Khan, installation of Timur.
1412: In the Golden Horde
empire, Deposition of Timur, installation of Jalaluddin. In the Burji Mamluks
empire, Death of Nasiruddin Faraj, succession of Al Muayyad.
1413: In the Golden Horde
empire, Deposition of Jalaluddin, installation of Karim Bardo.
1414: In the Golden Horde
empire, Deposition of Karim Bardo, installation of Kubak Khan.
1416: In the Golden Horde
empire, Deposition of Kubak Khan, installation of Jahar Balrawi. Deposition of
Jahar Balrawi, installation of Chaighray.
1419: In the Golden Horde
empire, Death of Edigu, overthrow of Chaighray, power captured by Ulugh
Muhammad.
1420: In the Golden Horde
empire, Ulugh Muhammad overthrown by Daulat Bairawi. 1420: Turkomans of the Black Sheep empire,
Death of Qara Yusuf; succession of his son Qara Iskandar. In Morocco,
Assassination of Abu Said Othman; succession of his infant son Abdul Haq.
1421: In the Ottoman Turks
empire, Death of Muhammad I; accession of his son Murad II. In the Burji
Mamluks empire, Death of Al Muayyad, succession of Muzaffar Ahmad. Muzaffar
Ahmad overthrown by Amir Saifuddin Tata, Death of Saifuddin Tata, succession of
his son Muhammad. Muhammad overthrown by Amir Barsbay.
1424: In the Golden Horde
empire, Death of Daulat Bairawi, succession of Berk. In Algeria, The Halsida of
Tunisia occupy Algeria. This state of affairs continued throughout the
fifteenth century.
1425: In the Uzbegs empire,
Abul Khayr, a prince of the house of Uzbeg declare his independence in the
western part of Siberia,
1427: In the Golden Horde
empire, Berk overthrown by Ulugh Muhammad who captured power for the second
time.
1430: In the Uzbegs empire,
Abul Khayr occupies Khawarazm.
1434: Turkomans of the
Black Sheep empire, Deposition of Qara Iskandar; installation
of his brother Jahan Shah. Turkomans of the White Sheep empire, Death of Qara
Othman, succession of his son Ali Beg. In Tunisia, Death of Abul Faris after a
rule of forty years, succession of his son Abu Abdullah Muhammad.
1435: In Tunisia,
Deposition of Abu Abdullah Muhammad, power captured by Abu Umar Othman.
1438: In the Burji
Mamluks empire, Death of Barsbay, accession of his minor son Jamaluddin Yusuf;
Yusuf overthrown and power captured by the Chief Minister Saifuddin Gakmuk.
Turkomans of the White Sheep empire, Ali Beg overthrown by his brother Hamza.
1439: In the Golden Horde
empire, Ulugh Muhammad withdrew from Sarai and found the principality of Qazan.
Said Ahmad came to power in Sarai.
1440: Turkomans of the
White Sheep empire, Hamza overthrown by Jahangir a son of Ali Beg.
1441: In the Golden Horde
empire, Crimea seceded from Sarai.
1446: In the Timurids
empire, Death of Shah Rukh, succession of Ulugh Beg. In the Ottoman Turks
empire, Second battle of Kossova resulting in the victory of the Turks. Serbia
annexed to Turkey and Bosnia became its vassal.
1447: In the Golden Horde
empire, Astra Khan seceded from Sarai.
1449: In the Uzbegs
empire, Abul Khayr captures Farghana. In the Timurids empire, Death of Ulugh
Beg, succession of Abdul Latif.
1450: In the Timurids
empire, Assassination of Abdul Latif, accession of Abu
Said.
1451: In the Ottoman Turks
empire, Death of Murad II; accession of his son Muhammad II.
1453: In the Ottoman Turks
empire, Capture of Constantinople by the Turks. Turkomans of the White Sheep
empire, Death of Jahangir; accession of his son Uzun Hasan. In the Burji
Mamluks empire, Death of Gakmuk. succession of his son Fakhruddin Othman.
Othman overthrown by the Mamluk General Saifuddin Inal.
1454: In the Ottoman Turks
empire, Attack against Wallachia, Wallachia became a vassal state of Turkey.
1456: In the Ottoman Turks
empire, Annexation of Serbia.
1461: In the Ottoman Turks
empire, Annexation of Bosnia and Herzogovina. In the Burji Mamluks empire,
Death of Saifuddin Inal, succession of his son Shahabuddin Ahmad. Shahabuddin
Ahmad overthrown by the Mamluk General Saifuddin Khushqadam.
1462: In the Ottoman Turks
empire, Annexation of Albania.
1465: In the Golden Horde
empire, Death of Said Ahmad, succession of his son
Khan Ahmad. In Morocco, Assassination of Abdul Haq. End of the Marinid rule.
Power snatched by Sharif Muhammad al Jati.
1467: Turkomans of the
Black Sheep empire, Death of Jahan Shah, end of the rule of the Black Sheep
Turkoman rule. Turkomans of the White Sheep empire, Jahan Shah of the Black
Sheep attacked the White Sheep. Jahan Shah was defeated and the Black Sheep
territories annexed by the White Sheep. In the Burji Mamluks empire, Death of
Khushqadam, accession of his son Saifuddin Yel Bey. Deposition of Yel Bey,
power captured by the Mamluk General Temur Bugha.
1468: In the Uzbegs
empire, Death of Abul Khayr, succession of his son Haidar Sultan. Turkomans of
the White Sheep empire, Uzun Hasan defeated the Timurids at the battle of
Qarabagh whereby the White Sheep became the masters of Persia and Khurasan. In
the Burji Mamluks empire, Deposition of Femur Bugha, power captured by the
Mamluk General Qait Bay.
1469: In the Timurids
empire, Death of Abu Said, disintegration of the Timurid state. In Khurasan
Hussain Baygara came to power and he ruled during the remaining years of the
fifteenth century.
1472: In Morocco, Sharif
Muhammad al Jati overthrown by the Wattisid chief Muhammad al Shaikh who
establishes the rule of the Wattisid dynasty.
1473: In the Ottoman Turks
empire, War against Persia; Persians defeated.
1475: In the Ottoman Turks
empire, Annexation of Crimea. War against Venice. Tukey became the master of
the Aegean Sea.
1478: Turkomans of the
White Sheep empire, Death of Uzun Hasan, succession of his son Khalil.
1479: Turkomans of the
White Sheep empire, Khalil overthrown by his uncle Yaqub.
1480: In the Golden Horde
empire, Assassination of Khan Ahmad, succession of his son Said Ahmad II.
1481: In the Golden Horde
empire, Said Ahmad I1 overthrown by his brother Murtada.
In the Ottoman Turks empire, Death of Muhammad II, accession of Bayazid II.
1488: In the Uzbegs
empire, Death of Haider Sultan, succession of his nephew Shaybani Khan. In
Tunisia, Death of Abu Umar Othman after a rule of 52 years, succession of Abu
Zikriya Yahya.
1489: In Tunisia, Abu
Zikriya Yahya overthrown by Abul Mumin.
1490: In Tunisia, Abul
Mumin overthrown, power recaptured by Abu Yahya.
1493: Turkomans of the
White Sheep empire, Death of Yaqub. accession of his son Bayangir.
1495: Turkomans of the
White Sheep empire, Bayangir overthown by his cousin Rustam.
1496: In the Burji Mamluks
empire, Abdication of Qait Bay, succession of his son Nasir Muhammad.
1497: Turkomans of the White
Sheep empire, Rustam overthrown by Ahmad.
Anarchy and fragmentation.
1498: In the Burji Mamluks
empire, Deposition of Nasir Muhammad, power captured by Zahir Kanauh.
1499: In the Uzbegs
empire, Shayhani Khan conquered Transoxiana. In the Golden Horde empire, Death
of Murtada, succession of Said Ahmad III." In the Ottoman Turks empire,
The Turks defeated the Venetian fleet in the battle of Lepanto.
Islamic History (Chronology)
16th Century (1500-1599) C.E.
1500: In the Burji Mamluks
empire, Zahir Kanauh overthrown by Ashraf Gan Balat.
1501: Isamil I
establishes the Safavid dynasty in Persia, and the Twelve-Imam Shi'ism becomes
the state religion.
1507: The Portuguese under
d'Albuquerque establish strongholds in the Persian Gulf.
1508: Turkomans of the White
Sheep empire, End of the White Sheep dynasty and the annexation of their
territories by the Safawids.
1511: D'Albuquerque
conquers Malacca from the Muslims.
1517: The Ottoman Sultan
Selim Yavuz ("the Grim") defeats the Mamluks and conquers Egypt.
1520: The reign of
Sulayman the Magnificent begins.
1526: Louis of Hungary
dies at the Battle of Mohacs.
1526: The Battle of
Panipat in India, and the Moghul conquest; Babur makes his capital at Delhi and
Agra.
1528: The Ottomans take
Buda in Hungary.
1529: Unsuccessful Ottoman
siege of Vienna.
1550: The architect Sinan
builds the Suleymaniye mosque in Istanbul.
1550: The rise of the
Muslim kingdom of Atjeh in Sumatra.
1550: Islam spreads to
Java, the Moluccas, and Borneo.
1556: The death of Sulayman
the Magnificent.
1568: Alpujarra uprising of
the Moriscos (Muslims forcibly converted to Catholicism) in Spain.
1571: The Ottomans are
defeated at the naval Battle of Lepanto, and their dominance in the
Mediterranean is brought to a close.
1578: The Battle of the Three
Kings at Qasr al-Kabir in Morocco. King Sebastian of Portugal is killed.
1588: Reign of Safavid
Sultan Shah Abbas I begins.
1591: Mustaili Ismailis
split into Sulaymanis and Daudis.
Islamic History (Chronology)
17th Century (1600-1699) C.E.
1600: Sind annexed by the
Mughals. End of the Arghun rule in Sind.
1601: Khandesh annexed by
the Mughals.
1603: Battle of Urmiyah.
Turks suffer defeat. Persia occupies Tabriz, Mesopotamia. Mosul and Diyarbekr.
Death of Muhammad III, Sultan of Turkey, accession of Ahmad I. In Morocco al
Shaikh died.
1604: In Indonesia death of
Alauddin Rayat Shah, Sultan of Acheh, accession
of Ali Rayat Shah III.
1605: Death of the Mughal
emperor Akbar; accession of Jahangir.
1607: Annexation of
Ahmadnagar by the Mughals.
1609: Annexation of Bidar
by the Mughals
1611: Kuch Behar
subjugated by the Mughals.
1612: Kamrup annexed by
the Mughals.
1617: Death of Ahmad I,
Sultan of Turkey, accession of Mustafa; Deposition of Mustafa: accession of
Othman II.
1618: Tipperah annexed by
the Mughals.: '
1620: In Turkey deposition
of Mustafa, accession of Othman II.
1623: In Turkey Mustafa
recaptured power.
1625: In Turkey deposition
of Mustafa, accession of Murad IV.
1627: Death of the Mughal
emperor Jahangir, accession of Shah Jahan.
1628: Reign of Safavid
Sultan Shah Abbas I comes to an end.
1629: In Persia death of
Shah Abbas; accession of grandson Safi.
1631: Death of Mumtaz
Mahal, wife of Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan and the lady of Taj Mahal, Agra.
1637: Death of Iskandar
Muda in Indonesia; accession of Iskandar II.
1640: Death of Otthman
Sultan Murad IV. accession of his brother
Ibrahim.
1641: Turks capture Azov.
In Indonesia death of Iskandar II; accession of the Queen Tajul Alam.
1642: In Persia death of
Shah Safi, accession of Shah Abbas II.
1648: In Turkey Ibrahim
deposed; accession of Muhammad IV.
1656: Muhammad Kuiprilli
becomes the Grand Minister in Turkey.
1658: Deposition of the
Mughal emperor Shah Jahan, accession of Aurangzeb.
1661: Death of Muhammad
Kuiprilli, accession of his son Ahmad Kuiprilli.
1667: Death of Shah Abbas
II; accession of Shah Sulaiman.
1675: Execution of the Sikh
Guru Tegh Bahadur. In Indonesia death of the queen Tajul Alam, accession of the
queen Nur ul Alam.
1676: Death of the Grand
Wazir of Turkey Ahmad Kuiprilli, succession by Kara Mustafa.
1678: In Indonesia death of
the queen Nur ul Alam, accession of the queen Inayat Zakia.
1680: Death of Marhatta
chieftain Shivaji.
1682: Assam annexed by the
Mughals. Aurangzeb shifts the capital to Aurangabad in the Deccan.
1683: The Turks lift the
siege of Vienna and retreat. Kara Mustafa the Grand Wazir executed for the
failure of the expedition.
1686: Annexation of Bijapur
by the Mughals.
1687: Golkunda annexed by
the Mughals. Second battle of Mohads. Defeat of the Turks by Austria.
Deposition of Muhammad IV. Accession of Sulaiman II.
1688: In Indonesia death
of queen Inayat Zakia, accession of the queen Kamalah.
1690: Death of the Ottoman
Sultan Sulaiman II, accession of Ahmad II.
1692: Death of the Turk
Sultan Ahmad II, accession of Mustafa II.
1694: In Persia death of
Shah Safi, accession of Shah Hussain.
1699: In Indonesia death
of Queen Kamalah.
Islamic History (Chronology)
18th Century (1700-1799) C.E.
1700: Murshid Quli Khan
declares the independence of Bengal and establishes his capital at Murshidabad.
1703: Ahmad 11I becomes
the Ottoman Sultan. Birth of Shah Wali Ullah. Birth of the religious reformer
Muhammad b Abdul Wahab.
1707: Death of the Mughal
emperor Aurangzeb, accession of his son Bahadur Shah.
1711: War between Turkey
and Russia. Russia defeated at the battle of Pruth.
1712: Death of the Mughal
emperor Bahadur Shah, accession of Jahandar Shah.
1713: Jahandar Shah
overthrown by his nephew Farrukh Siyar.
1718: In the war against
Austria, Turkey suffers defeat. By the treaty of Passarowich Turkey loses
Hungary.
1719: Deposition of the
Mughal emperor Farrukh Siyar Muhammad Shah ascends the throne. In Sind the
Kalhoras came to power under Nur Muhammad Kalhora.
1722: Saadat Khan found
the independent state of Oudh. Battle of Gulnabad between the Afghans and the
Persians. The Persians were defeated and the Afghans under Shah Mahmud became
the masters of a greater part of Persia. Shah Hussain taken captive, accession
of Shah Tahmasp II.
1730: Zanzibar freed from
Portugese rule and occupied by Oreart.
1747: Ahmad Shah Durrani
established Afghan rule in Afghanistan.
1752: Death of Shah Abdul
Latif Bhitai, writer of Sassi Pannu, Sohni Mahinwal and Umer Marvo.
1752: Ahmed Shah Durrani
captured Punjab, Kashmir and Sind.
1761: Death of Shah
Waliullah Dehlavi.
1761: Battle of Panipat.
Ahmad Shah Durrani came to India at the invitation of Shah Waliullah Dehlavi
and smashed rising Maratha power in the battle of Panipat.
1764: Conversion to Islam of
Areadi Gaya. ruler of Futa Bandu State in West Sudan.
1773: Death of Ahmad Shah
Durrani.
1783: End of Kalhora rule
in Sind.
1797: Death of Muhammad
Khan Qachar, king of Persia.
1797: Russia occupied
Daghestan.
1799: Ranjit Singh
declared himself Maharajah of Punjab defeating Afghans.
1799: Khoqand declared
independent Islamic State.
Islamic History (Chronology)
19th Century (1800-1899) C.E.
1803: Shah Abdul Aziz ibn
Saud assassinated by a Shia fanatic. Shah Shuja proclaimed as King of
Afghanistan.
1805: Ibn Saud captured
Madinah defeating the Turk garrison.
1804: Othman Dan Fodio
established Islamic State of Sokoto in Central Sudan.
1805: Faraizi movement
launched in Bengal. Muhammad Ali appointed Pasha of Egypt by the Turks.
1806: Khanate of Khiva
came into limelight under the rule of Muhammad Rahim Khan.
1807: Darqawi sect
revolted against Turkish domination. Tunisia repudiated suzerainty of Algeria.
1811: Birth of Ali
Muhammad Bab founder of Bab movement.
1811: British occupied
Indonesia.
1812: Madina fell to
Egyptians.
1813: Makkah and Taif
captured by Egyptian forces and Saudis expelled from Hijaz.
1814: Iran executed
treaty of alliance with the British known as Definitive Treaty.
1814: Death of Ibn Saud
II.
1814: King Othman of
Tunisia assassinated by his cousin Mahmud.
1816: British withdrew
from Indonesia restoring it to the Dutch.
1822: Death of Maulay
Ismail in Morocco.
1827: Malaya became a
preserve of the British according to Anglo- Netherland treaty in 1824.
1828: Russia declared war
against Turkey.
1829: Treaty of
Adrianople.
1830: French forces landed
near Algiers and occupied Algeria ending 313 years rule of Turks.
1831: Syed Ahmad Barelvi
and Shah Ismail leaders of Jihad movement in India fell fighting the Sikhs in
Balakot.
1832: Turks defeated in
the battle of Konia by Egyptian forces.
1832: Sayyid Said, King of
Oman, shifted his capital to Zanzibar.
1834: Abdul Qadir
recognised as ruler of the area under his control by the French.
1839: Defeat of Turkey by
the Egyptians in the battle of Nisibin.
1840: Quadruple Alliance
by the European powers to force Egypt to relinquish Syria.
1840: British frees
occupied Aden.
1841: State of Adamawa
established by Adams adjacent to Nigeria.
1842: Amir Abdul Qadir,
ousted from Algeria by the French. crossed over to Morocco.
1842: Shah Shuja
assassinated ending the Durrani rule in Afghanistan.
1847: Amir Abdul Qadir
surrendred to France under the condition of safe conduct to a Muslim country of
his choice but France violated its pledge and sent him as a captive to France.
1849: Death of Muhammad
Ali pasha.
1850: Ali Muhammad Bab
arrested and executed by Iranian government. Qurratul Ain Tabira, a renowned
poetess and staunch advocate of Babism also shot dead.
1852: Release of Amir
Abdul Qadir by Napolean III. He settled in Turkey.
1855: Khiva annexed by
Russia.
1857: British captured
Delhi and eliminated Mughal rule in India after 332 years. Last Mughal Emperor
Bahadur Shah Zafar was exiled to Rangoon in Burma. This was also the end of
1000 years of Muslim rule over India.
1859: Imam Shamil laid
down arms before Russian forces and the Islamic State of Daghestan became a
Russian province.
1860: Maulay Muhammad
defeated by Spain.
1861: Death of Sultan
Abdul-Majid of Turkey.
1862: Faraizi movement
fizzled out after the death of Dadu Miyan..
1865: Khoqand State
liquidated by Russia.
1869: Jamaluddin Afghani
exiled from Afghanistan. He proceeded to Egypt.
1871: Tunisia recognised
suzerainty of Turkey through a Firman.
1876: Britain purchased
shares of Khediv Ismail in the Suez canal and got involved in Egyptian affairs.
1878: Turkey handed over
Cyprus to Britain.
1878: Adrianople fell to
Russia.
1879: Jamaluddin Afghani
exiled from Egypt.
1879: Treaty of Berlin.
Turkey lost 4/5 th of its territory in Europe.
1881: France invaded
Tunisia and the Bey acknowledged supremacy of France as a result of the treaty of Bardo.
1881: Muhammad Ahmad
declared himself Mahdi in northern Sudan.
1882: Egypt came under
British military occupation.
1883: Death of Amir Abdul Qadir
in Damascus.
1885: Muhammad Ahmad
declared free Government of Sudan under his rule.
1885: Death of Mahdi
Sudani five months after the occupation of Khartum.
1890: End of Banbara State.
1895: Afghanistan got
Wakhan corridor by an understanding with Russia and British India making Afghan
border touch China.
1895: Mirza Ghulam Ahmad of
Qadian claimed prophethood.
1897: State of Bagirimi
occupied by the French,
1899: Fall of Mahdi State
occupied by the British and the Egyptians jointly.
Islamic History (Chronology)
20th Century (1900-1992) C.E.
1901: Ibn Saud (Abd
al-Aziz) captures Riyad.
1901: French forces
occupy Morocco.
1904: Morocco becomes a
French protectorate under the Conference of Algeciras.
1904: The Presian
constitution is promoted.
1905: The beginning of the
Salafiyyah movement in Paris with it's main sphere of influence in Egypt.
1907: The beginning of the
Young Turks movement in Turkey.
1912: The beginning of
the Muhammadiyyah reform movement in Indonesia.
1914: Under Ottoman rule,
secret Arab nationalist societies are formed.
1914: World War I.
1916: Arab revolt against
Ottoman (Turkish) rule. Lawrence of
Arabia leads attacks on the Hijaz Railway.
1918: Armistice signed
with Ottomans on October 30.
1918: World War I ends on
November 11.
1918: Syria and Damascus
become a French protectorate.
1921: Abd Allah bin
Husayn in made King of Transjordan. His
father was the Sharif of Mecca.
1921: Faysal bin Husayn is
made King of Iraq. His father was the
Sharif of Mecca.
1921: Abd al-Karim leads a
revolt against colonial rule in Moroccan Rif, and declares the "Republic
of the Rif".
1922: Mustafa Kemal
abolishes the Turkish Sultanate.
1924: The Turkish Caliphate
is abolished.
1924: King Abd al-Aziz conquers
Mecca and Medina, which leads to the unification of the Kingdoms of Najd and
Hijaz.
1925: Reza Khan seizes the
government in Persia and establishes the Pahlavi dynasty.
1926: Abd al-Aziz (Ibn
Saud) assumes title of King of Najd and Hijaz.
1927: Death of Zaghlul, an
Egyptian nationalist leader.
1928: Turkey is declared a
secular state.
1928: Hasan al-Banna
founds the Muslim Brotherhood.
1932: Iraq granted
independence by League of Nations.
1934: War between King Abd
al-Aziz and Imam Yahya of the Yemen.
1934: Peace treaty of
Ta'if.
1934: Asir becomes part of
Saudi Arabia.
1935: Iran becomes the
official name of Persia.
1936: Increased Jewish
immigration provokes widespread Arab-Jewish fighting in Palestine.
1939: World War II.
1941: British and Russian
forces invade Iran and Reza Shah is forced to abdicate in favor of his son
Mohammad Reza Shah in Iran.
1943: Beginning of Zionist
terrorist campaign in Palestine.
1945: End of World War II.
1946: Jordan, Lebanon, and
Syria are granted independence from Britain and France.
1947: Creation of Pakistan
from Muslim Majority area in India.
1948: Creation of state of
Israel. Arab armies suffer defeat in
war with Israel.
1949: Hasan al-Banna,
leader of the Muslim Brotherhood, is assassinated.
1951: Libya becomes
independent.
1952: King Faruq of Egypt
forced to abdicate.
1953: General Zahedi leads
coup against Musaddeq, Shah returns to power.
1953: Death of King Abd
al-Aziz (Ibn Saud) of Saudi Arabia.
1953: The foundation stone
is laid to enlarge the Prophet's mosque in Medina.
1956: Morocco becomes
independent.
1956: Tunisia becomes
independent.
1957: The Bey of Tunisia
is deposed, and Bourguiba becomes becomes president.
1957: Enlargement of the
Haram in Mecca begins.
1962: Algeria becomes
independent.
1962: Death of Zaydi Imam
of Yemen (Ahmad). Crown Prince Bahr
succeds him and takes the title Imam Mansur Bi-Llah Muhammad.
1965: Malcom X is
assassinated.
1968: The enlargement of
the Haram in Mecca is completed.
1969: King Idris of Libya
is ousted by a coup led by Colonel Qadhdhafi.
1973: King Zahir Shah of
Afghanistan is overthrown.
1975: Death of Elijah
Mohammad, leader of Nation of Islam among African Americans in North America.
1975: Wallace Warith Deen
Mohammad assumes leadership of Nation of Islam and shifts movement toward
Islamic Orthodoxy renaming it American Muslim Mission.
1978: Imam Musa Sadr is
apparently assassinated after he disappears on a trip to Libya. He was the religious leader of the Lebanese
Twelve-Imam Shi'ites. He promoted the
resurgence of Shi'ites in Lebanon and set the foundation of Amal.
1979: The Shah leaves Iran
on January 15, thus bringing the Pahlavi dynasty to an end.
1979: On 1 Muharram AH
1400/21 November, the first day of the 15th Islamic century, fanatics led by
students of the Theological University of Medina attempt to promote one of
their group as Mahdi and thus fulfill a certain prophetic Hadith: "A man
of the people of Medina will go forth, fleeing to Mecca, and certain of the
people of Mecca will come to him and will lead him forth against his will and
swear fealty to him between the rukn (Black Stone corner of the Kabah) and the
Maqam Ibrahim." They hold the Haram of Mecca against the army for two weeks. Sixty-three of the 300 fanatics are captured
alive, the mosque is recovered, and the conspirators are all put to death.
1980: Beginning of the
Iran-Iraq war.
1989: Iran-Iraq comes to an
end with much loss of life.
1990: Military annexation
of Kuwait by Iraq, under Ba'athist leader Saddam Hussain, is reversed in 1991 by
a coalition of United States-led forces.
Allah knows best