Supplementary Angles
Supplementary angles are angles that add up to 180 degrees. 
Theorem: If angles are supplementary to the same angle, then they are congruent.  Here is how we can prove this theorem.

Given:  Angle 3 is supplementary to
            angle 4.
           Angle B is supplementary to
           angle 4.

Prove:  Angle 3 is congruent to angle B.

Angle 3 is supplementary to angle 4, so angle 3 plus angle 4 is equal to 180, therefore angle 3 is equal to 180 minus angle 4.  Angle B is supplementary to angle 4, so angle B plus angle 4 is equal to 180, therefore angle B is equal to 180 minus angle 4.  Since angle 3 and angle B have the same measure, we can conclude that they are congruent.

Theorem: If angle are supplementary to congruent angles, then they are congruent.  (The proof of this theorem is similar to the theorem above).