| Abdomen Injuries and Conditions |
| Medical Term Common Term Mechanisms Symptoms Signs Special Tests Referral/Diagnostic Procedure Classification of Injury Management Comment |
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| Femoral hernia Hernia Congenital or acquired through natural weakness Indirect trauma as in excessive strain The hernia arises in the canal that transports the vessels and nerves to the leg A feeling of weakness Pulling sensation or pain in the groin area A protrusion in the groin area that is increased by coughing Point tenderness in the area of the hernia Externally, looks like an inguinal hernia Coughing test Refer to a general surgeon Not applicable |
| Medical Term Common Term Mechanisms Symptoms Signs Special Tests Referral/Diagnostic Procedure Classification of Injury Management Comment |
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| Inguinal hernia Hernia Congenital or acquired through natural weakness Indirect trauma as in excessive strain The hernia is located in the inguinal canal Most common in males Weakness Pulling sensation or pain in the groin area A protrusion in the groin area that is increased by coughing Externally, looks like a femoral hernia Coughing test Refer to a general surgeon Not applicable |
| Medical Term Common Term Mechanisms Symptoms Signs Special Tests Referral/Diagnostic Procedure Classification of Injury Management Comment |
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| Kidney laceration Same as above Direct trauma Congenital abnormally Violent muscle action Pain Nausea Shock Change in blood pressure and pulse Tenderness Muscle spasm Vomiting Referred pain in costovertebral area and lower abdominal area Blood in the urine (hematuria) Not applicable Refer to a physician Not applicable |
| Medical Term Common Term Mechanisms Symptoms Signs Special Tests Referral/Diagnostic Procedure Classification of Injury Management Comment |
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| Peritonitis Not applicable Inflammation caused by infection or trauma to peritoneum Peritonitis can involve the stomach or the appendix Chills Fever to 102º F (39Cº) Nausea Pain Tenderness Point rebound test Vomiting Diarrhea Abdominal tenderness Rapid breathing and pulse Tenderness Athlete lying on back with the things flexed Reboud test (athletic trainer applies pressure to athlete’s abdominal area with hands, then releases pressure. Pain indicates positive test) Refer to a general surgeon Not applicable |
| Medical Term Common Term Mechanisms Symptoms Signs Special Tests Referral/Diagnostic Procedure Classification of Injury Management Comment |
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| Spermatic cord torsion Same as above Abnormal mobility of testicle Direct trauma Pain Nausea A heavy feeling in the scrotum Swelling Tenderness Inflammation Possible vomiting Not applicable Refer to a physician Not applicable |
| Medical Term Common Term Mechanisms Symptoms Signs Special Tests Referral/Diagnostic Procedure Classification of Injury Management Comment |
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| Spleen laceration Ruptured spleen Direct trauma to the upper left quadrant of the abdominal area Pain Nausea Referred pain in the left shoulder and arm (Kehr’s sign) Tenderness Recent history of mononucleosis Possible shock Abdominal rigidity Vomiting Tenderness Kehr’s sign Remember that the spleen can splint itself and break open at a later time Refer to a general surgeon – medical emergency Not applicable |
| Medical Term Common Term Mechanisms Symptoms Signs Special Tests Referral/Diagnostic Procedure Classification of Injury Management Comment |
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| Stitch in the side Same as above Varying causes Constipation Intestinal gas Poor conditioning Overeating Cramp-like pain in side Loss of the ability to participate Deep breathing Not applicable Refer to a physician if symptoms/signs persist Not applicable |
| Medical Term Common Term Mechanisms Symptoms Signs Special Tests Referral/Diagnostic Procedure Classification of Injury Management Comment |
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| Peptic ulcer Same as above Excessive production of acid or pepsin Stress Vary with the location of the ulcer, such as the stomach or duodenal bulb and the age of the individual The pain is described as burning, aching, or sorenessIt is relieved with antacid medication, food, or milk The pain is located in a well-defined area of epigastric area (region over the pit of the stomach) Not applicable Refer to a physician Not applicable |