| Foot Injuries and Conditions |
| Medical Term Common Term Mechanisms Symptoms Signs Special Tests Referral/Diagnostic Procedure Classification of Injury Management Comment |
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| Sever’s Disease Heel pain (apophysitis) Caused by stress of the achilles tendon on the apophysis of the calcaneus Common in individuals 10 to 16 years of age Pain at the back of the heel Point tenderness Pain of walking and running Occasional swelling at the back of the heel Tightness in the Achilles tendon Pain on weight bearing Tenderness Loss of function Check for tightness of the Achilles tendon Check gait ŕ no heel strike Refer to an orthopedic surgeon Not applicable |
| Medical Term Common Term Mechanisms Symptoms Signs Special Tests Referral/Diagnostic Procedure Classification of Injury Management Comment |
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| Medical Term Common Term Mechanisms Symptoms Signs Special Tests Referral/Diagnostic Procedure Classification of Injury Management Comment |
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| Medical Term Common Term Mechanisms Symptoms Signs Special Tests Referral/Diagnostic Procedure Classification of Injury Management Comment |
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| Bulla Blister Friction caused by improper fitting shoes or excessive training Usually occurs on the ball of the foot, the great toe, or the heel Pain Burning sensation Inflammation Fluid accumulation in intraepidermal slits (fluid may be clear or bloody) Infection can result if the condition is not properly treated Not applicable Refer to a physician if infected Not applicable |
| Callus Same as above Friction caused increased activity, such as changing directions when running in basketball, or wearing shoes that are too short or too tight Pain due to the loss elasticity and of the cushioning effect of the fatty layer Thickness of the epidermal skin layer Possible appearance of cracks Possible blister formation under the callus Not applicable Not applicable Not applicable |
| Callus Durum Hard corn FrictionImproperly fitting shoes Pain Inability of function in activity due to pain in the area of the corn Tenderness over the area of the corn Inflammation Thickening of soft tissue on the dorsum of the toe Point tenderness Redness Not applicable Not applicable Not applicable |
| Medical Term Common Term Mechanisms Symptoms Signs Special Tests Referral/Diagnostic Procedure Classification of Injury Management Comment |
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| Medical Term Common Term Mechanisms Symptoms Signs Special Tests Referral/Diagnostic Procedure Classification of Injury Management Comment |
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| Medical Term Common Term Mechanisms Symptoms Signs Special Tests Referral/Diagnostic Procedure Classification of Injury Management Comment |
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| Medical Term Common Term Mechanisms Symptoms Signs Special Tests Referral/Diagnostic Procedure Classification of Injury Management Comment |
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| Callus Molle Soft corn Wearing narrow shoes that cause excessive pressure Excessive foot perspiration Pain between the toes, usually fourth and fifth Loss of function in severe cases Tenderness Inflammation Circular area of thickened, white, macerated skin, usually between fourth and fifth toes Loss of the ability to run in severe cases Point tenderness at the site of the corn Not applicable Not applicable Not applicable |
| Calcaneus Exstoses Spurs Repetition of direct trauma to the plantar surface of the calcaneus Indirect causes are heredity, obesity, joint impingement, poor mechanics of walking or running, poorly fitted shoes Pain and tenderness on the plantar surface of the calcaneusLoss of the ability to weight bear, as in running and jumping, in severe cases Bony overgrowth at the site of irritation Seen on x-ray Loss of function in severe casesPoint tenderness Not applicable Refer to an orthopedic surgeon X-ray Not applicable |
| Hallicus Ridigus Same as above Fusion or partial fusion of the first metatarsophalangeal joint due to arthritic changes PainLoss of the ability to push off Tenderness of the first metatarsophalangeal joint Loss of ability to push off Direct tenderness of the first metatarsophlangeal joint Inability to extend the great toe Abnormal gait Not applicable Not applicable Not applicable |
| Hallus Valgus Bunion CongenitalIndirect causes of wearing shoes short and too narrow over a long period of time Pain over the first metatarsophlangeal joint Difficulty in wearing new footwear Loss of function in severe cases Tenderness Abnormal gait Point tenderness at the first metatarsophalangeal joint Loss of function in severe casesAbnormal gaitAngular deformity at the first metatarsophalangeal joint Thick walled bursa over medial prominence of the first metatarsophalangeal joint Swelling Inflammation Not applicable Not applicable Not applicable |
| Medical Term Common Term Mechanisms Symptoms Signs Special Tests Referral/Diagnostic Procedure Classification of Injury Management Comment |
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| Hammer Toe Same as above Congenital Wearing shoes too short over a long period of timeIntrinsic and extrinsic muscle contracture Pain from callus or corns that have formed on the top of the toes because of friction Obvious “hump” or “head of hammer” appearance on the toes Flexion of the distal interphalangeal joint Callus on the top of the toes Possible corns on the tops of the toes Not applicable Not applicable Not applicable |
| Medical Term Common Term Mechanisms Symptoms Signs Special Tests Referral/Diagnostic Procedure Classification of Injury Management Comment |
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| Heel Spur Same as above Unknown May be traumatic or postural as in arch sprain Or spurs may result from repeated trauma to the heel They are associated with plantar fasciitis Pain on the anteromedial aspect of the calcaneus when standing, walking, or running Loss of function Tenderness The athlete complains of “sticking pain” on the bottom of the foot that causes an abnormal gait Point tenderness over the attachment of the plantar fascia at the calcaneus Loss of function Abnormal gait Not applicable Refer to an orthopedic surgeon X-ray to observe calcification at the plantar fascia insertion on the calcaneus Not applicable |