Bursitis

- Inflammation of a bursa, a fluid-filled sac that facilitated motion and reduces friction. Most commonly a chronic injury caused by repeated trauma to the area surrounding the bursa; however, it can also be an acute injury caused by a direct blow.

Symptoms

- Pain - Loss of function - Tenderness

Signs

- Redness - Swelling - Loss of function - Possible calcium formation in chronic cases - Tenderness - Inflammation

Special Tests

Assessment of range of motion and strength

Referral/Diagnostic Procedure

Refer to an orthopedic surgeon

Classification of Injury

Not applicable

Iliopectineal bursitis - Overuse as in excessive running   - Muscle imbalance Iliopsoas bursitis - Overuse   - Excessive running Infrapatella bursitis (Jumper’s knee)   - Overuse as in continuous jumping   - Direct trauma as in a contusion to the area Lateral Epicondylitis / Radiohumeral bursitis (Tennis elbow / Pitcher’s elbow)   - Continuous forceful extension of the forearm with pronation      as in hitting a backhand stroke in tennis or striking a golf ball   <Special Tests>   - Active and resistive wrist extension test   - Hand-shaking test Olecranon bursitis - Acute or chronic injury   - Direct trauma from a fall on a hard surfacee, such as an artificial surface Pes anserine bursitis (Pretibial bursitis)   - Overuse as in long distance running   - Direct trauma such as a blow to the medial side of the knee Subacromion bursitis - Direct trauma as a fall on an outstretched hand   - Overuse as stress in throwing   <Signs> - Aching pain at rest   - Pain on abduction greater than 80   <Special Tests>   - Apley's scratch test Subdeltoid bursitis   - Direct trauma as a fall on an outstretched hand   - Overuse as stress in throwing    <Special Tests>   - Apley's scratch test Retrocalcaneal bursitis - Overuse as in running   - Direct trauma as in constant external pressure from footwear Suprapatellar bursitis (Housemaid’s knee/carpet layer’s knee)   - Overuse   - Direct trauma as in cotinued kneeling in wrestling Trochanteric bursitis (Bursitis of the hip)   - Trauma to the hip   - Chronic irritation as in running   <Symptoms>   - The athlete may complain of a "snapping hip"   <Signs>   - Possible crepitus feeling on palpation   - Posible increase in the Q-angle in the female athlete   <Special Test>   - Measure the Q-angle