Ankle and Lower Leg
	History Location of the pain Nature of the pain Onset Injury mechanisms Level of activity and conditioning regimen Prior history Inspection General Inspection WTB status   General bilateral comparison   Swelling Lateral Structures   Peroneal muscle group   Distal one-third of the fibula   Lateral malleolus Anterior Structures   Appearance of the anterior lower leg   Contour of the malleoli   Talus   Sinus tarsi Medial Structures   Medial malleolus   Medial longitudinal arch Posterior Structures   Gastrocnemius-soleus complex    Atrophy (S1 or S2 nerve root or tibial or sciatic nerves are impaired)    Deep vein thrombophlebitis (Unexpected redness and swelling of the posterior calf)   Achilles tendon   Bursae   Calcaneus Palpation Lateral Structures   Fibula shaft   Interosseous membrane   Anterior and posterior tibiofibular ligaments   Calcaneofibular ligament   Anterior talofibular ligament   Posterior talofibular ligament   Peroneal tubercle   Cuboid   Base of the fifth metatarsal   Peroneus longus and brevis   Peroneal retinaculum Anterior Structures   Anterior tibial shaft   Dome of the talus   Extensor retinacula   Sinus tarsi   Tibialis anterior   Long toe extensors   Peroneus tertius Medial Structures   Medial malleolus   Deltoid ligament   Sustentaculum tali   Spring ligament   Navicular and Navicular tubercle   Talar head   Tibialis posterior   Long toe flexors Posterior Structures   Gastrocnemius-soleus complex   Achilles tendon   Subtendinous calcaneal bursa   Subtaneous calcaneal bursa   Dome of the Calcaneus Palpation of pulses   Posterior tibial artery   Dorsalis Pedis artery Range of Motion Tests AROM/PROM/RROM (Dorsiflexion, Plantarflexion, Inversion, Eversion) Ligamentous Tests Anterior Talofibular Ligament Instability   Anterior drawer test Calcaneofibular Ligament Instability   Inversion stress test (talar tilt) Ankle Syndesmosis Instability   Kleiger’s Test (External rotation test)   Squeeze test Deltoid Ligament Instability    Eversion stress test (talar tilt)   External rotation test Neurological Tests Anterior compartment syndrome Peroneal nerve involvement Sciatic nerve involvement Lumbar nerve root involvement Special Tests Lower Leg Fractures   Squeeze test Stress Fracture   Bump test Achilles Tendon Pathology   Thompson test Neurovascular Pathology   Homan’s sign (Test for Deep Vein Thrombophlebitis)