Location of the pain
Onset
Activity and injury mechanism
Symptoms
Prior injury
Inspection
General
Position of the head
Position of the arm and the athlete's willingness to move the involved limb
Anterior Structures
Level of the shoulders
Thoracic outlet syndrome (depressed shoulders complexes can place pressure on the arterial, venous, and nervous supply of the arm)
Contour of the clavicle
Symmetry of the deltoid muscle groups
Anterior humerus and biceps brachii muscle group
Lateral Structures
Deltoid muscle group
Acromion process
Step deformity (The superior displacement of the clavicle’s distal aspect – AC sprain)
Position of the humerus
Posterior Structures
Alignment of the spinal vertebrae
Position of the scapulae
Sprengel's deformity (congenitally undescended scapula, may occur on one scapula or both)
Muscle tone
Position of the Humerus
Palpation
Anterior Structures
Jagular notch
SC ligament (Posterior SC dislocations are a medical emergency)
Clavicular shaft
Acromion process & AC joint
Piano key sign (integrity of the coracoclavicualr ligaments)
Coracoid process
Pectoralis major
Pectoralis minor
Deltoid muscle group
Humerus
Humerus head
Greater/lesser tuberosity
Bicipital groove
Humeral shaft
Coracobrachialis
Biceps brachii
Long head tendon
Short head tendon
Scapula
Spine of the scapula
Superior angle (T2 spinous process)
Inferior angle (T7 spinous process)
Rotator Cuff
Teres major
Rhomboids
Levator scapulae
Trapezius
Latissimus Dorsi
Triceps brachii
Range of Motion Tests
AROM/PROM/RROM
Flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, internal rotation, external rotation, horizontal adduction and abduction
Apley's Scratch Test
Gerber lift-off test (tears and weakness of subscapularis muscle)
Scapular Movements
Elevation, depression, retraction, protraction, rotation
Ligamentous Tests
SC glide
AC glide
GH joint
Apprehension test (Crank Test) (for anterior Glenohumeral laxity)
GH glide (load and shift technique)
Neurologic Tests
Brachial plexus
Cervical nerve root
Thoracic Outlet Syndrome
Adson's Test
Allen Test
Military Brace Position for Costoclavicular Involvement
Special Tests