One of the big advantages of having a lathe is being able to machine threads. many threads can be cut using taps and dies, but having a tap and die set that will enable you to cut all the non-standard thread sizes would be quite expensive.------------ 擁有一臺車床之好處正是能用此機切削螺紋線; 很多螺紋線可使用疊芽器 (絲攻機及螺絲絞板)做到, 但是用疊芽器去切削非標準大小螺紋線時將較昂貴。
SHERLINE offers a unique and versatile thread cutting attachment for its lathe. This low cost attachment enables you to machine 31 different unified thread pitches (Pitch range from 80 to 10 threads per inch) and 28 different metric thread pitches (Pitch range from .25 to 2.0mm). What's more, it allows you to cut them as either left hand or right hand threads. the lathe tool of course can be ground to cut any of the various thread forms, and any of these various pitches or thread forms can be cut on any pitch diameter you desire. This versatility enables you to machine any standard or non-standard thread you might desire as long as it is within the size limitations of the lathe.------------ 雪拉提供一唯一和通用的螺紋線切削附加裝置為它的車床附件。 這低成本附加切削裝置能切削 31 種不同的標準螺紋線螺距 (pitch) (由 80線 到10線 /每吋) 及 28 種公制不同螺距螺紋線 (螺距範圍從 0.25mm 到 2.0mm)。 而且﹐ 它允許你切削它們為左旋或者右旋螺紋線, 熟練車床工具後當然可任意切削任何各種各樣螺距, 大小口徑合乎你要求的. 在車床的大小限度內, 這多元化機器可切削任何標準/非標準的螺紋線如你所要求。
The attachment consists of 15 gears, mounting bracket, engagement mechanism and 4.00" (102mm) handwheel. Threads are generated on the SHERLINE by gearing the spindle to the lead screw. As the spindle is rotated with the handwheel mounted on the headstock spindle, the tool will advance an amount equal to the ration of the gears. When the tool has completed its movement, you simply stop cranking, back up the tool and turn the spindle in the opposite direction until the tool is past its starting point, reset the tool and you're ready for the next pass. It's a simple as tapping! By using a 127-tooth gear (supplied) true metric threads can be cut on an inch lathe (Model 4000, 4400 or 4500) or true inch threads can be cut on a metric lathe (Models 4100, 4410 or 4530).------------ 切削器由15個齒輪傳動裝置﹐ 裝配夾頭﹐ 固定件和 4吋 手動轉輪 (102mm) 組成. 螺紋線之生成因為此切削器用上不同組合齒輪連接主軸及導程螺絲。 當手輪運轉時會帶動主軸, 刀具將以等量前進, 其數值由齒輪組合設定。 切削完成時, 你可停止轉動手輪﹐將手輪以相反方向倒車到原先起點﹐ 重整工具并準備好下一工序。 它簡易如用手動疊芽器﹐ 通過使用一個 127牙-齒輪 (已附件), 真實的公制螺紋線可以在一臺英制車床 (第4000﹐4400 或者 4500 型號) 完成, 或製成英制螺紋線於一臺公制車床上 (第4100﹐4410 或者 4530 型號).
After designing and putting the enclosed screw cutting attachment into production, I sat down and started reading what other people have written about cutting screw threads before writing my own instructions. It amazed me that I had been able to cut threads all these years knowing so little. How and why I was able to do this is going to be the subject of my instructions. There are sufficient books available at any library to go into additional detail on the subject if required. These instructions are based on using sharp pointed 60° tools and cutting threads for your own use. ------------ 在設計這附加裝置和推出生產線之後﹐在我編寫這篇'指示'前, 我坐下并開始細讀其他人以前切削螺紋線的經驗, 令我震驚原來在過去有那麼多切削螺紋線的方法, 我又如何及為何要寫出這指示; 如果需要﹐ 可在任何圖書館可找到充足的相關書本, 這些指示是供給使用 60° 銳角削刀的你, 使用這工具去完成切削螺紋線。
The reason other books go into such great detail on the precise methods used commercially is that they are telling you how to cut threads from specifications for other people. They have to have exact methods and standards to make sure that a bolt made in California will screw into a nut manufactured in New York. Fortunately, we have the tremendous advantage of having both pieces at hand and we can just "keep cutting 'till they fit". It's as simple as that! You simply select the proper gear from the chart; put in a 60° threading tool and have at it. ------------ 因為其它書本所說那些精密的方法是商業上使用的, 依足客戶的需求而生產。 他們必須有精確方法, 用確認標準在加利福尼亞製造的一個螺栓將可旋進一顆在紐約制造的螺絲帽。 幸運地﹐ 我們擁有此驚人優點的工具, 只要不斷去試切, 直到成品合乎需要。 就是這樣簡單﹗ 你衹不過從表中選擇適當的傳動齒輪裝置﹔安裝一 60° 銳角刀, 成品即手到拿來。
A point to ponder about thread cutting is how a lathe produces a thread. It doesn't matter whether the lathe is a 20" or a 3". The principle is the same. The lead screw that drives the saddle is geared directly to the spindle. When the spindle turns, the saddle moves. If they were geared one to one, the pitch cut would be the same as the pitch of the lead screw. On the 3" lathe, this would be 20 Threads Per Inch (TPI). If we turned the lead screw 180° while we turned the spindle 360° (by using a 20 tooth to a 40 tooth gear arrangement) we would cut 40 TPI. Please note that we did not have to consider the stock's diameter. The only requirement is that the major diameter is at least twice the depth of the thread plus enough material to support these threads while cutting them. One gets used to hearing a diameter called out with the threads, such as 1/4"-20, 6-32, 10-24, etc., but while it's unusual to think of 40 threads per inch cut on something 2" in diameter. Yet, in some cases it may be entirely practicable to do so. ------------ 關于切螺紋線要考慮的一點, 是一臺車床怎樣 產生螺紋線。 它沒關系那台車床是 20 吋 或者是一台只有 3吋 的, 其原理相同。 驅動這個鞍座的導程螺絲對主軸直接被應用齒輪連接。 當主軸轉動時﹐ 這個鞍座移動。 如果他們被應用齒輪連接一對一的關系﹐ 切成的螺距將是與導程螺絲的螺距相同的。 在 3吋 車床上﹐ 這將是每吋 (TPI) 20 線. 如果我們轉動導程螺絲 180°當我們轉動主軸 360°時 (通過使用一顆 20 牙齒輪到一顆 40 牙齒輪裝置排序) 我們將切 40 TPI. 請注意我們沒必要考慮螺栓的直徑。 唯一要求是大直徑至少雙倍于足夠厚度讓我們去切削. 人們習慣于聽說直徑與螺紋線一起的稱為﹐ 例如 1/4 吋-20﹐6-32﹐ 10-24﹐ 等等。 但是難以想起 40 TPI 螺紋在 2吋 直徑螺栓。 然而﹐ 有時可能完全切實可行。
It may interest you to know how a metric thread can be cut on a 3" lathe that has American National screw threads on its lead screw. The 127 T conversion gear does this by driving the lead screw at a ratio that converts 20 TPI to 1mm. Consider 100T on the spindle driving a 127T. The ratio is .7874 to 1. The lead screw has 20 TPI: .050" P x .7874 = .03937" = 1mm. ------------ 你有興趣知道是否有可能在一 3 吋 美制導程螺絲線的車床切削公制螺紋線。 這 127T 變換齒輪將驅使導程螺絲在把 20 TPI 轉化成 1mm. 考慮 100T 關于主軸驅使 127T. 比率是 0.7874 比 1. 這導程螺絲有 20 TPI﹕0.050" P x 0.7874 = 0.03937" = 1mm.
MAJOR DIAMETER—Largest diameter of the thread of either the screw or the nut.------------大徑(D)－這螺紋線或者絲帽的最大的直徑。
MINOR DIAMETER—Smallest diameter of the thread of either the screw or the nut.------------小徑(D1)－這螺紋線或者絲帽的最小的直徑。
PITCH DIAMETER—The theoretical diameter that falls on a point where the thread width and the groove width are the same.------------螺距直徑－理論上的直徑, 紋線寬度與套筒相應的一個點。
PITCH (P)—The distance from point to point measured parallel to the axis. Metric threads are always expressed in Pitch.------------螺距(P)—平衡軸上點與點間距離, 公制螺絲多強調螺距。
LEAD—The distance a screw thread advances axially in one turn. On a double lead screw, the lead is twice the pitch.------------導程－主軸轉一圈時, 一螺紋線前進距離。 在一雙倍導程螺絲﹐導程距離是齒距的兩倍。
NOTE: The same methods can be used in figuring dimensions for American or Metric screw threads.------------注釋 ﹕相同方法可用於標示美國制或者公制螺旋線。
1mm = 0.03937"------------1公釐 = 0.3937吋
Pitch (Metric) x 0.03937" x 0.758 = depth of screw thread in inches------------螺距 (公制) x 0.03937" x 0.758 = 以吋計螺紋線的深度
Take the time to familiarize yourself with component parts of the screw thread from Figure 1. The pitch diameter is the important one to consider. Before going on, let's take the time to really understand why. The pitch diameter determine show a screw or thread will fit, not the major diameter. Suppose you were cutting 20 TPI and the major diameter was .010 undersize and the pitch diameter was correct. About the only thing wrong would be that the flat on the point of the thread would be a little wide, but it would still have approximately 75% of its strength and work well.------------挪出時間去熟習螺紋線組成部分--螺旋紋線 [圖1]。 螺距直徑是重要考慮的一點。 在繼續前﹐ 讓我們用些少時間理解一吓。 螺距直徑 是決定顯示一顆螺絲或螺紋是否符合﹐而非外直徑。 例如你正準備切削一20 TPI 而外直徑車細了 0.010 , 但螺距直徑是正確的。 唯一的錯失將是螺絲與絲帽螺紋線之間稍微寬鬆﹐但是仍然有大約75%正常工作能力。
Now let us suppose we cut the pitch diameter undersize by .010. We would end up with a nut that fits so loose and a thread that was so weak that we would have to scrap it. There is where "cutting to fit" comes in. You can compensate for some pretty bad errors on the major and minor diameters by having the pitch diameter correct. To get it correct, all you have to do is to keep trying it for size as you cut. Don't ever take the part out of the chuck to try it because it would be next to impossible to re-chuck it in exactly the same place. However, the entire chuck, along with the part, could be removed from the lathe to try it for size. Don't force anything when trying the part for size, because you might move the part slightly in the chuck, and really "screw things up".------------現在讓我們假設在螺距直徑削細了 0.010 , 將造成一顆絲帽與螺絲線紋鬆散, 附著力度不足, 我們必須棄掉此成品。 所以說過, "車到合用為止"。 你有空間去補償大徑/小徑錯失, 只要螺距直徑正確。 如何去糾正﹐ 你必須邊做邊試﹐ 當你切削時, 萬萬不能取下工件, 因為再裝上時未必能嵌入同一位置。 但是﹐你可以整個車心夾盤與工件一同拆卸﹐作為尺寸測試。 測試時切勿強行用力, 因為可能造成輕微移位, 而真的將自己撓起。
Why have I made such a point about having the major or minor diameter wrong and still making the part work? Read on. You're probably thinking I must really be a "hacker" if I can't cut a diameter within .010. Well, the problem in many cases, is not how close you can cut to a diameter, but what the diameter should be.------------我為什麼認為讓大/小徑錯誤工件仍然可以使用﹖ 讀下去, 你或許正認為我是一 "黑客", 怎可能去切削一條0.010 修正直徑。 這是常見的問題﹐ 不是去切一接近直徑, 而是去切削一正確的直徑。
Example: Your buddy just heard you bought a nice new shiny lathe complete with a screw cutting attachment, and like all good friends, immediately goes to work trying to figure out how you and your new lathe will be of some use to him. It doesn't take him long! He has a camera which he tried to repair himself last year, but lost an important part. Of course the missing part has metric threads, but that's a "snap" for a 3" lathe. A quick check with a thread gauge indicates that it has 0.9mm Pitch. No problem, yet. It is an internal thread, so you will have to cut a screw to mate with it. Here's the problem: What is the major diameter? You can measure the diameter of the hole, but you can't be assured that the thread form is perfect and that this is really the minor diameter. You can only assume that it's close. Now you take this dimension and add to it twice the depth of the thread, which should give you the major diameter. To get the depth of one thread, multiply the Pitch x .6. (Note: Pitch x 1.2 + Minor Diameter = Major Diameter). Total depth of thread using a sharp pointed 60° tool = P x .65 = .036" x .65 = .023".------------ 例子 ﹕剛剛的你的好朋友聽到你已買一臺漂亮的, 新的, 光閃閃的車床, 還有這螺紋切削附加裝置﹐象很多人一樣﹐ 會立即去努力, 嘗試解釋你的新車床對他也有幫助。 不用等多久﹗ 他正想去修理去年損壞了的一架照像機﹐ 但是丟失一個重要的零件。 當然丟失零件有公制螺絲紋線﹐ 但是你只有一台 3吋 車床。 用量齒器一度之不, 那個螺絲紋是 0.9mm 螺距。 然而﹐這不是問題。 它是一內線絲帽﹐ 因此你必須切削一個合用的螺絲。 問題來了 ﹕大徑是多少﹖ 你能測量這絲帽孔洞的直徑﹐ 但是你不能確信這螺線形格完美和這真的是小徑。 你僅僅能假定它是接近值。 現在你採取這數據并且增加雙倍于這紋線的深度﹐ 給你做大徑。 得到一紋線的深度﹐ 乘以螺距 x 0.6 (注釋 ﹕螺距 x 1.2 + 小徑 = 大徑). 使用60°銳角刀具時, 紋線的總深度 = P x 0.65 = 0.036" x 0.65 = 0.023".
The constant 0.6 is not used to figure depth of an external thread, it is just one used to get you in the "ball park" in a situation such as this.------------常數的 0.6 不適用於計算出外螺紋線的深度﹐ 這是一估計數值, 在此情此景下使用。
At least we have a fairly reliable place to start now and can probably get one cut that will work on the first try. Always keep track of the total depth cut in case it comes out undersized. At least you'll know how deep not to cut it on the second one!------------至少我們現在有合理可信賴起步點, 去開始做第一次的切削。 時常記錄著切削的深度﹐ 以免作品出來做細了一環時, 你將知道不要在第二個作品上切它過深﹗
The example I gave you was one of the more difficult situations you may run into, not only because you had to do the job for free to keep a friend, but also because you had very limited information from which to work.------------我給你的例子是你可以遇到更難的狀況之一﹐為了朋友, 為了友情, 你必須免費完工﹐ 也因為你只有有限的資料去工作。
Usually, you will be cutting both the screw and nut. This is a case where two wrongs can almost equal one right. You can rectify any error you may have had in cutting the first one by compensating for it in the mating part.------------通常﹐ 你將會車切螺栓和絲帽。 這一情況下, 每錯誤二次可能會有一次正確。 你能糾正, 在切削第一個作品中有的任何錯失, 你可以在相對的部分補償它。
Left-hand threads can be cut as easily as right-hand threads on a lathe; the only difference being the addition of an idler gear which reverses tool movement so that it travels left to right.------------ 在此臺車床上可以切削的左旋螺紋線如同右旋螺紋線一樣容易﹔ 唯一不同這空轉齒輪裝置使工具作相反運動, 由左到右的切割。
It's hard to appreciate just how much money an inexpensive lathe like this, with a screw cutting attachment can save you, until you have had to have a special part made that doesn't have a standard thread size. Even though there may be taps or dies available, a left-hand 1"-32 would probably cost half as much as your entire thread cutting attachment.------------一臺這樣便宜的車床﹐ 用切削附加裝置去切削螺紋能省下多少錢﹐實難以計數, 直到你要去削一特別零件, 此零件並非用標準公/英制尺碼. 即使可能有疊芽器可用, 製造一枚左旋紋線 1吋-32 螺栓, 可能要花掉半個附加裝置的價錢.
What I have tried to do in these opening remarks is to show that screw-cutting is really easy, and to give you the self-confidence it takes to do any job well. Too often, good craftsmen are stopped from venturing forth because the only information available shows the technically perfect way to do things rather than the simple, practical methods everyone really uses.------------一開始時, 我想告訴你要切削螺紋線實非常容易, 令你有足夠信心去做好工作. 好多時, 一個好工匠會停滯不前, 因他捨棄人人皆知的簡單實用方法, 追求花巧, 捨本逐末.
This kit has been engineered to add additional versatility to your 3" Lathe. With this attachment, a wide variety of threads, both right-handed and left-handed may be produced. Most American Standard and Metric threads may be cut with equal ease and precision. The accompanying charts list the entire range from which you may choose. (See Figure 5.)------------這工具之機械設計使你那台 3吋 車床增加功能。 使用這裝置﹐ 一系列多種螺紋線﹐ 不論左旋或右旋螺栓都可製成。 大多數英美制/公制螺紋線都可同樣容易和精確切削。 附帶的圖表列舉其中你可以選擇的範圍。(參看圖5)
STEP 1. Carefully drive furnished small sheet metal screw into hole located in spindle which extends from the left side of the drive pulleys. Use a proper size screwdriver for this operation and avoid installing the screw at an angle since it must seat squarely against the spindle. After driving, remove the screw and dress down the "burr" which will be raised around the edge of the hole. A small fine file is suitable for this. Next slide two thin spacer washers over the tube and against the pulley. Reinsert the sheet metal screw and tighten firmly.------------ 步驟一 : 小心地將主軸箱左邊之小螺絲旋開, 此螺絲用以鎖定滑車。 使用一把適當的螺絲起子, 避免角度出錯﹐ 它必須使主軸箱方方正正地安裝。 在鬆開螺絲後﹐ 取出螺絲並且整理在這洞邊緣周圍的 "毛刺" ﹐ 一個小的銼刀適用于這裏。 在這根管上方和對滑車下一放置兩個薄的介子。 重新旋上金屬螺絲并且將它旋緊。
STEP 2. Remove the headstock and loosen the flat head socket screw a few turns.------------步驟二 : 拆除主軸箱, 并且放鬆平頭套裝螺絲幾轉。
STEP 3. Remove cap screw under base and directly below headstock.------------步驟三 : 移去基座/主軸箱下的頂蓋螺絲.
STEP 4. Grease shaft with flats on both ends and slide shaft into the lead screw support (situated directly below pulley). Be sure end with small flat enters first. Now slide shaft with a single flat into the lead screw support. To guarantee that the shaft is "home", turn shaft one or two revolutions while applying gentle inward pressure to the end of the shaft.------------步驟四 : 主軸兩端凸位加上薄薄潤滑劑, 將主軸移入導程螺絲支架 (于滑車座下). 細小凸位一端先行移入。 現在滑動主軸入導程螺絲支架, 確保軸心位置正確﹐旋轉軸心一兩圈, 在軸心尾巴用小小力壓入 。
STEP 5. Replace screw from STEP 3 making sure that point of screw goes into machined groove. Check that shaft is free to rotate. Retighten the flat head socket screw and replace the headstock.------------步驟五 : 將第三步鬆下的頂蓋螺絲重行裝上正確位置旋緊。 檢查軸心可否自由地旋轉。 再上緊那平頭套裝螺絲用以替代軸箱.
STEP 6. Pull out the black plug below the name plate and slide the remaining shaft (with handle) into the hole (handle upward). It may be necessary to rotate the shaft about 30° backwards and forwards to get it completely "home".------------步驟六 : 拉出名牌下的黑色插座同時將凸出的軸心 (與柄一起) 滑進孔洞 (手柄向上). 有時要向前或向後轉動軸心 30 度, 才可對準 "原位".
NOTE: If insertion or movement of the Engagement Lever is difficult, try loosening the two screws on the bottom of the machine that hold the bed to the base. Move the bed slightly until a good fit occurs.------------注釋 ﹕如果插入及運轉定位槓桿時有困難﹐試試放鬆兩顆固定車床與底座螺絲。 稍微地移動床位直到合適為止。
STEP 7. It may be necessary to deburr parts for smooth operation.------------步驟七 : 為了操作順利, 有可能要清理部分零件的 "毛剌" 。
NOTE: The section below entitled "Cutting A Thread for Practice" uses the example of cutting a 28 pitch right hand thread on a 1/4" diameter piece of stock. The following numbers are based on that setup.------------注釋 ﹕下節課題 "切削實習" 使用例子, 切削一枚 28 螺距, 四分之一吋直徑螺栓於工件上. 以下的那些數目是根據本說明書之設定。
STEP 8. Refer to chart (Figure 5) and select type of thread to be cut. As an example, we have chosen American Standard, 28 TPI, right hand lead.------------步驟八 : 參考換算表(圖5) 并且選擇所切螺紋類型。 舉一個例子﹐我們將選用美式標準﹐28 TPI﹐右旋導引螺紋線。
| GEAR | A | B | C | D | E |
| TEETH | 100 | 100 | 20 | 28 | 40 |
NOTE: Idler Gear "E" is used for Right Hand Threads, Idler Gears "F" and "G" are used for Left Hand Threads and are, therefore, not used in this example.------------注釋 ﹕空載齒輪 "E" 在右旋螺紋線使用﹐ 空載齒輪 "F" 及 "G" 為左旋螺紋線使用, 因此沒在這個例子裏使用。
Remove motor assembly (see OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS STEP 2).----移除馬達組件 (參看操作指示-- 步驟二).
Slide gear "A" (100) onto spindle engaging slot with previously installed sheet metal screw head.------------用已安裝介子之螺絲頭, 放置齒輪 "A" (100) 在車軸上之定位槽口。
Install "B" gear (100) and "C" gear (20) onto primary support arm. The drive pin is used not only to drive the "C" gear, but also to hold the "B" gear on the arm.------------安裝齒輪 "B" (100) 及齒輪 "C" (20) 在初級支架上。 此驅動栓不僅被使用驅動齒輪 "C" 而且可鎖定齒輪 "B" 在此支架上。
Install "E" gear (40) on secondary support arm.------------安裝齒輪 "E" (40) 在次級支架上。
Slide lower split end of primary support arm over the lead screw support. Adjust until "B" gear meshes properly with "A" gear (100). When mesh is satisfactory, tighten clamp screw.------------將下有罅隙之初級支架套入導程螺絲支架。 調整直到齒輪 "B" 與齒輪 "A" (100)完全嚙合, 當嚙合情況令人滿意時﹐ 收緊夾頭螺絲。
Install "D" gear (28) and secure with Allen head screw and small washer. NOTE: This screw need only be finger tight and should not be used when it interferes with the secondary support arm. Adjust secondary support arm and gear for proper engagement with mating gears. When satisfactory, tighten retaining screw and pivot screw.------------安裝齒輪 "D" (28) 并以六角凹頭螺絲和小介子固定之。 注釋 ﹕這凹頭螺絲不須用力上緊﹐只用手指力度已足夠, 若與初級支架有衝撞時, 將不被使用。 調整初級支架與齒輪裝置, 使適當的嚙合相關齒輪。 當令人滿意時﹐ 收緊定位螺絲和旋軸螺絲。
Install crank wheel by sliding over spindle.------------安裝曲柄手輪, 套入主軸上。
Line slot up with protruding sheet metal screw head and tighten down crank wheel set screw using Allen wrench. A few drops of oil on moving parts will be helpful.------------將槽口對準凸點金屬螺絲頭, 將曲柄手輪收緊, 可使用六角匙。 加幾滴車油於轉動零件是有幫助的。
NOTE: See Figure 7 for a detailed setup drawing that shows the gears in relation to the primary and secondary support arms.------------注釋 ﹕參看 圖7, 詳細顯示齒輪傳動裝置如何嚙合初級和次級支撐擘。
I believe the time has come to "HAVE AT IT" and start by chucking up a piece of aluminum and turning it to 1/4" diameter. Let's cut 28 TPI on it. Be sure to have a nut to check it with. Looking at the chart we see we need an "A" 100T on the spindle, driving a "B" 100T, which is attached to the "C" 20T, driving the lead screw "D" 28T, using the idler "E" 40T that mounts on the swing arm. The gears should mesh so they run "free" and have a reasonable amount of backlash. NOTE: All gear trains have some "backlash" and it will not effect the quality of the thread, but it does have to be allowed for. This is why the tool has to be backed out before the lathe spindle is reversed.------------我相信時間已經到來, "開始吧", 放入一支鋁件并且把它切到 1/4 吋 直徑。 讓我們在鋁條上切削一口 28 TPI 螺絲. 別忘了準備一顆絲帽以檢查它是否正確。 細看圖表, 我們需要一 100T 齒輪在 "A" 主軸上﹐ 驅動一 "B" 100T ﹐ 去帶動 "C" 20T ﹐ 驅動導程螺絲 "D" 28T ﹐再使用空轉齒輪 "E" 40T 裝在搖擘上. 那些齒輪裝置應該嚙合﹐ 並 "自由" 運轉, 并且留有一個游移空隙位。 注釋 ﹕全部齒輪裝置行進時有一些 " 游移間隙" 并不影響這螺紋線的質素﹐ 但是它確實必須被預備。 使倒車出離床位時, 工件有足夠游移位置。
Over 90% of the threads cut on a lathe of this type will have a pitch less the .070, and be less than 3/8" long. Now and then you may have to cut a fairly course thread (more than .070" pitch) and a good idea is to "rough out" the thread by moving the tool post slightly to the left between passes. This keeps the tool from having to cut on both sides. On a standard lathe, the tool is advanced by the compound rest which is set at 29°. This allows only one side of the tool to cut and lessens the load considerably. The final cut is then taken with the crosslide being advanced to "clean up" the thread. We can get the same effect by moving the tool post. When cutting fine threads you can get away with cutting "straight in". The crank drive gives you the "feel" and a precise method of stopping needed in single-pointing fine threads. Cranking the spindle counter clock wise gives you reverse. This allows you to cut the entire thread without disengaging the lead screw.------------超過 90% 在這一臺車床上所切的螺紋線, 會是螺距不細過 0.070 mm 或是 長度不過3/8吋的。 從今以後, 你可能經常切削非普遍應用的 螺紋線 (螺距大過 0.070mm) , 另一做法是 "打粗胚" 通過在每轉間稍微地移動刀具座到左邊。 這保持刀具同時在兩側上切。 這一臺標準的車床﹐ 將底盤轉向在29°時. 將使到刀具僅僅在一側切削, 亦可減少機械之載量. 最後階段切削使用刀具在粗坑上前進並 "清理" 這紋線上的毛剌。 我們能通過移動工具座得到相同的效應。 在切削幼細紋線你不需用直刀嚙入. 曲柄動力給你 "感覺" 這是一種實際方式去使你感覺停止切削這單邊細紋。 以順時鐘方向轉動主軸計數器會將工件後退。 這允許你完成整個工件的螺絲紋而不用甩脫導程螺絲。
Establish the depth of the first cut by bringing the tool in to the point where it just touches the surface. Write the dial setting down, and move the tool past the starting point of the thread. Now engage the lead screw lever. The lead screw may have to be turned while applying slight pressure on the lever in order to get it to engage properly. DO NOT DISENGAGE UNTIL THE THREAD HAS BEEN COMPLETELY CUT. Now advance tool .003" for first cut. Turn the spindle counter clockwise until the desired length of thread has been cut. Back the tool out until it is completely clear of the part. Crank spindle clockwise until tool is at the original starting point. Advance the tool to its last point plus .002". I've always found it useful to write these dial settings down too, it is amazing how fast you can forget one! Now take the second pass by cranking the spindle counter clockwise. The amount the tool should be advanced from this point on should be governed by the amount of force it took the last pass. The cut will get progressively heavier each time the tool is advanced. Remember, you can't ruin your part by taking too light a cut. To figure what the total amount the tool should be advanced if you are using a sharp Vee form tool (standard form of tool used in single pointing threads) simply multiply the pitch times .758.------------建立第一個切削的深度, 使刀具僅接觸工件表面某點。 寫下轉盆上之讀數﹐ 并且移動刀具自紋線起點前行。 現在嚙合導程螺絲槓桿。 導程螺絲可能會被轉動﹐ 這槓桿輕微壓力將使兩者接觸面實際嚙合。 直到這紋線已經被完全切削才可解除。 將刀具向前 0.003 吋作為第一次切削。 將主軸讀數器順時針轉, 直到紋線的深度合乎要求。 後退工具至到與工件分離。 將曲柄軸心 順時針轉動直到刀工具返回原先的起點。 將刀具自上一點前進 0.002 吋, 我一直發現寫下轉盤讀數是有用的﹐你會奇怪怎能忘記這樣快﹐ 現在繼續第二次去以順時針方向轉動主軸攪手。 刀具前進多少將依據上一次之反壓力有多大。 每一次刀具向前, 切下的坑紋一路加深。 記著﹐ 淺切一刀不會使工件報廢。 計算 V 形刀具切削深度 (標準刀具作單邊切削時), 衹不過將 螺距 乘以 0.758。
Example: Pitch of 28 TPI = 1/28------------例如 ﹕螺距為 28 TPI = 1/28
Pointed tool depth = P x .758 = 1/28 x .758 = .027------------刀具切入量 = P x 0.758 = 1/28 x 0.758 = 0.027
If you are not too good with math and don't like to do it, just keep cutting and looking at the flat on the top of the thread. When the flat is 1/8 the pitch, the nut should fit. Either way, check it long before you think it is finished to be on the safe side until more experience is gained. The last two passes should be repeats of previous dial settings to clean up threads. Not too hard was it? No matter what type of threads you may cut, the basic method will remain the same. Internal threads are very seldom cut full depth. To figure the hole size you should start with: take the pitch of thread you are cutting and multiply it by 1.083 and subtract this from the major diameter. To figure the total depth using a sharp pointed 60° tool, multiply the pitch by .65. EXAMPLE: To cut an internal 1-1/2"-28 TPI:------------如果你數學不好和不願意計算﹐ 就唯有一邊切, 一邊用肉眼觀察這螺栓的表面平面位置。 當螺距是 1/8 平面時﹐ 那絲帽才配合。 或者, 在你認為它被完成前不斷檢查﹐或直到你掌握更多的經驗。 最后一兩線紋應該以前次的讀數重復切削, 確保線紋清潔。 不太艱難吧﹖ 不管你切哪種螺紋線﹐ 這種基礎的方法將會是相同的。 內螺紋線很少被削得太深入。 計算你應該開始的孔洞尺寸 ﹕取得成品的螺距, 乘以 1.083 , 再減去大徑。 使用尖的60°刀具時之深切度﹐ 用 螺距 乘以 0.65。 例子 ﹕切削一內螺紋為 1-1/2 吋 -28 TPI﹕
Major Diameter = 1.5------------大徑 = 1.5
P = 1/28 = .036"
Major Diameter - (P x 1.083) = Hole Size------------大徑 - (P x 1.083) = 孔洞尺寸
1.500" - (.036" x 1.083) = Hole Size------------1.500"- (0.036吋 x 1.083) = 孔洞尺寸
1.500" - .039 = 1.461
Hole size = 1.461----孔洞尺寸 = 1.461
A double lead could be cut by picking change gears that are one-half the pitch and indexing the "A" gear 180° after cutting the first thread to depth. NOTE: There isn't any way to check a double lead until it is completely cut, therefore, the depth must be figured mathematically. It has always been fun for me to do jobs like this, not because the were needed, but just to see if I could!------------雙線導程(雙線螺紋)可能被切削, 通過改變齒輪牙數, 在切削第一線之后, 用紋距的一半, 引導 齒輪 "A" 轉 180°。 注釋 ﹕ 沒有任何方法 可檢查一雙線導引, 直到它因此被完全地切削﹐因此一定要計算其深度, 這工作對我來說是一大樂趣﹐不是因為需要﹐但是僅僅為了挑戰自己﹗
(Read detailed instructions before proceeding.)------------(在操作以前詳細的閱讀指示。)
STEP 1. Turn or bore stock to proper diameter.------------ 步驟一 : 將工胚(外圈或內膛)削成合適直徑。
STEP 2. Remove the motor assembly from the lathe by unscrewing the two socket head cap screws that hold the motor bracket to the headstock.------------步驟二 : 將馬達組件螺栓鬆脫, 移離車床基座。
STEP 3. Install thread cutting tool in post holder.------------ 步驟三 : 安裝螺紋線切削工具於支架上。
STEP 4. Place tool bit at starting point of thread and set for .003" cut. ------------步驟四 : 設置刀頭在紋線起點, 并且用 0.003 度切削工件。
STEP 5. Engage lever at base of lathe by turning lead screw support handle clockwise. Turn lead screw handwheel until full engagement occurs.------------步驟五 : 以順時針方向旋入固定槓桿在車床的基座以變成導程螺絲操作。 轉動導程螺絲手輪﹐ 直到完全嚙入出現。
STEP 6. Turn spindle crank wheel until tool bit has traveled full length of intended thread.------------步驟六 : 轉動主軸曲柄轉輪直到刀頭已經完成紋線的一圈長。
STEP 7. Back crosslide out to clear tool from thread.------------ 步驟七 : 從坑紋線後退至刀具紋線分離.
STEP 8. Turn crank wheel backwards until tool bit has traveled past starting point of thread.------------步驟八 : 將曲軸輪旋后, 直到刀頭已經㢠經過紋線的起點。
STEP 9. Return crosslide to its original position plus .002".------------步驟九 : 返回坑道到它的原先那裏, 再加 0.002 刻度
STEP 10. Repeat STEPS 6, 7, 8, and 9 until full depth of threads has been cut. Cutting oil will make cutting easier, and will give a better finish.------------步驟十 : 重復步驟六﹐七﹐八﹐和 九﹐ 直到紋線的應有深度已經被削。 加幾滴車油將使切削更容易﹐ 并且完成得更美好。
To keep the drive gear from scratching the tachometer decal on your pulley, make sure the shim washers (P/N 31050) are in place to space the shaft gear away from the pulley. Then adjust the drive gear so that it is centered or slightly off-center away from the pulley so that it can't contact the decal. As an alternative, a piece of thin steel shim stock could be cut like a large washer and inserted between the gear and the pulley for protection.------------為了防止滑輪上的移印標記刻度表被刮掉﹐一定要使用薄墊介子 (P/N 31050), 使滑車與主軸間有適當空間。 然后調整驅動齒輪以便它置身滑車中心或者貼近滑車中心﹐ 以便它不會觸及移印標記。 又或者﹐ 在尾座製造一個薄的鋼墊片, 有如一個大介子一樣, 切并且在齒輪和滑車之間插入作保護。
Cutting left-hand threads coarser than 20 TPI and right hand threads pitch 5 through 9 TPI will require that you remove the shaft from the 100-tooth gear and press it into the 50-tooth gear. These are threads that wouldn't normally be cut on a machine of this size. If you don't wish to switch gears and shafts, an extra gear and shaft can be ordered from the Replacement Parts Price List to eliminate this problem.------------要切削左旋紋線 粗過 20 TPI 或 右旋紋線為紋距 5 到 9 TPI 時, 請將支架上的 100 牙 齒輪移去, 以一 50 牙 齒輪替入; 因此等紋線通常沒法在這類車床完成, 若你不想麻煩去換掉齒輪, 可在 "替代零件表" 上訂購替代齒輪及車軸去解決此問題。
On threads with pitches 5 through 9 TPI, you will encounter a problem with interference between the handwheel and the 40-tooth gear. A spacer should be made to keep the handwheel mounted out toward the end of the spindle to eliminate this interference.------------於紋線為 5 到 9 TPI 時﹐ 你將會遇到一個難題, 在手動轉輪和 40 牙齒輪裝置之間有干擾。 一個間隔用隔離圈會被使用, 置於主軸的末端保持手輪裝設在較外位置以刪除這干擾。
| Threads Per Inch | Gear A | Gear B | Gear C | Gear D | Gear E | Gear F | Gear G |
| 80 | 50 | 100 | 20 | 40 | 38 | 28 | 22 |
| 76 | 50 | 100 | 20 | 38 | 40 | 30 | 22 |
| 72 | 50 | 100 | 20 | 36 | 40 | 28 | 34 |
| 68 | 50 | 100 | 20 | 34 | 40 | 28 | 30 |
| 64 | 50 | 100 | 20 | 32 | 40 | 28 | 30 |
| 60 (1/16") | 50 | 100 | 20 | 30 | 40 | 28 | 26 |
| 56 | 50 | 100 | 20 | 28 | 40 | 26 | 30 |
| 52 | 50 | 100 | 20 | 26 | 40 | 24 | 34 |
| 48 (3/32") | 50 | 100 | 20 | 24 | 40 | 26 | 30 |
| 44 | 50 | 100 | 20 | 22 | 40 | 26 | 30 |
| 40 (1/8") | 100 | 100 | 20 | 40 | 38 | 28 | 22 |
| 38 | 100 | 100 | 20 | 38 | 40 | 30 | 22 |
| 36 | 100 | 100 | 20 | 36 | 40 | 28 | 34 |
| 34 | 100 | 100 | 20 | 34 | 40 | 28 | 30 |
| 32 (5/32") | 100 | 100 | 20 | 32 | 40 | 28 | 30 |
| 30 | 100 | 100 | 20 | 30 | 40 | 28 | 26 |
| 28 | 100 | 100 | 20 | 28 | 40 | 26 | 30 |
| 26 | 100 | 100 | 20 | 26 | 40 | 24 | 30 |
| 24 (3/16" ; 7/32") | 100 | 100 | 20 | 24 | 40 | 26 | 30 |
| 22 | 100 | 100 | 20 | 22 | 40 | 26 | 30 |
| 20 (1/4") | 100 | 100 | 20 | 20 | 40 | 26 | 24 |
| 19R | 100 | 100 | 40 | 38 | 30 | - | - |
| 19L | 100 | 50 | 20 | 38 | - | 30 | 22 |
| 18R (5/16") | 100 | 100 | 40 | 36 | 30 | - | - |
| 18L | 100 | 50 | 20 | 36 | - | 28 | 34 |
| 17R | 100 | 100 | 40 | 34 | 30 | - | - |
| 17L | 100 | 50 | 20 | 34 | - | 28 | 30 |
| 16R (3/8") | 100 | 100 | 40 | 32 | 30 | - | - |
| 16L | 100 | 50 | 20 | 32 | - | 28 | 30 |
| 15R | 100 | 100 | 40 | 30 | 32 | - | - |
| 15L | 100 | 50 | 20 | 30 | - | 28 | 26 |
| 14R (7/16") | 100 | 100 | 40 | 28 | 30 | - | - |
| 14L | 100 | 50 | 20 | 28 | - | 26 | 30 |
| 13R | 100 | 100 | 40 | 26 | 30 | - | - |
| 13L | 100 | 50 | 20 | 26 | - | 24 | 30 |
| 12R | 100 | 100 | 40 | 24 | 30 | - | - |
| 12L | 100 | 50 | 20 | 24 | - | 26 | 30 |
| 11R (5/8") | 100 | 100 | 40 | 22 | 30 | - | - |
| 11L | 100 | 50 | 20 | 22 | - | 26 | 30 |
| 10R (3/4") | 100 | 100 | 40 | 20 | 30 | - | - |
| 10L | 100 | 50 | 20 | 20 | - | 26 | 24 |
| 9 (7/8") | 100 | 50 | 40 | 36 | - | - | - |
| 8 (1") | 100 | 50 | 40 | 32 | - | - | - |
| 7 (1.125"; 1.25" ) | 100 | 50 | 40 | 28 | - | - | - |
| 6 (1.375"; 1.5") | 100 | 50 | 40 | 24 | - | - | - |
| 5 (1.625"; 1.75") | 100 | 50 | 40 | 20 | - | - | - |
| Pitch (mm) | Gear A | Gear B | Gear C | Gear D | Gear E | Gear F | Gear G |
| .25 | 50 | 127* | 20 | 40 | 30 | 28 | 22 |
| .30 | 50 | 127* | 24 | 40 | 30 | 26 | 22 |
| .35 | 50 | 127* | 28 | 40 | 30 | 26 | 22 |
| .40 | 50 | 127* | 32 | 40 | 30 | 24 | 22 |
| .45 | 50 | 127* | 36 | 40 | 30 | 20 | 22 |
| .50 (M3) | 100 | 127* | 20 | 40 | 30 | 28 | 22 |
| .55 | 100 | 127* | 22 | 40 | 30 | 28 | 20 |
| .60 | 100 | 127* | 24 | 40 | 30 | 28 | 22 |
| .65 | 100 | 127* | 26 | 40 | 30 | 28 | 22 |
| .70 (M4) | 100 | 127* | 28 | 40 | 30 | 26 | 22 |
| .75 | 100 | 127* | 30 | 40 | 28 | 24 | 22 |
| .80 (M5) | 100 | 127* | 32 | 40 | 30 | 24 | 22 |
| .85 | 100 | 127* | 34 | 40 | 30 | 20 | 22 |
| .90 | 100 | 127* | 36 | 40 | 30 | 20 | 22 |
| 1.0R (M6/M7) | 100 | 127* | 20 | 20 | 40 | - | - |
| 1.0L | 100 | 127* | 20 | 20 | - | 26 | 24 |
| 1.1 | 100 | 127* | 22 | 20 | 40 | 24 | 26 |
| 1.2 | 100 | 127* | 24 | 20 | 40 | 22 | 26 |
| 1.25 (M8/M9) | 100 | 127* | 30 | 24 | 38 | 22 | 26 |
| 1.3 | 100 | 127* | 26 | 20 | 40 | 22 | 24 |
| 1.4 | 100 | 127* | 28 | 20 | 38 | 22 | 24 |
| 1.5 (M10) | 100 | 127* | 30 | 20 | 38 | 20 | 26 |
| 1.6 | 100 | 127* | 32 | 20 | 38 | 20 | 26 |
| 1.7 | 100 | 127* | 34 | 40 | 38 | 20 | 22 |
| 1.75 | 100 | 127* | 35** | 20 | 38 | 20 | 22 |
| 1.8 | 100 | 127* | 36 | 20 | 38 | - | - |
| 1.9 | 100 | 127* | 38 | 20 | - | - | 36 |
| 2.0 | 100 | 127* | 40 | 20 | 30 | - | - |
*Use 127-tooth gear to cut metric threads on 4000/4400 inch machines. On 4100/4410 metric machines, substitute 100-tooth gear for 127-tooth gear.------------ *在 4000/4400 英制車床上 去切削 公制紋線時 要用 127 牙齒輪。 在4100/4410 公制車床上﹐ 用100 牙齒輪代替 127 牙齒輪。
**Not included in standard set. Must be purchased separately as P/N 31350.------------**35 牙齒輪, 不包括在標準套裝內; 請另行選購 P/N 31350 。
NOTE—Threads cut with a pitch greater than 16 TPI or 1.5mm begin to push the maximum capabilities of the machine when cut full depth into steel. You may have to slightly move the tool post occasionally so the entire thread form isn't being cut at one time. Pitches greater than this can be cut into plastic and wood with no problems. Large pitch threads are also used with multiple lead threads. For example: a 20 T.P.I. double lead thread would need a 10 T.P.I. setup and a cutting tool that would form a 20 T.P.I. thread form.------------注釋 － 在切削紋線螺距 大於 16 TPI 或 1.5mm 之鋼螺栓時, 以到達這機器的最大能輸出力。 你可能不時要稍微地, 偶爾向後移動刀具座﹐ 因此整個的線紋 "格式" 不會一次過被切成。 大過此螺距之 木/塑膠 物料﹐ 可以被切削, 沒有問題。 大螺距紋線與多種紋線會一起被選用。 例如﹕一 20 T.P.I. 雙紋螺絲時, 將需要用一 10 T.P.I. 之裝置; 去切成一 20 T.P.I 的雙紋螺絲。
NOTE—Cutting left hand threads below 20 T.P.I. and right hand threads 5 through 9 T.P.I. will require that you remove the shaft from the 100-tooth gear and press it in to the 50-tooth gear. These are threads that wouldn't normally be cut on a machine of this size. An extra gear and shaft can be ordered from the replacement parts list to eliminate this problem.------------注釋 － 在切削一 20 T.P.I 左旋紋線, 及 5 到9 T.P.I 的右旋紋線時, 要將支架上的 100 牙齒輪除去, 并且以一 50 牙齒輪替代。 這些紋線不通常在這一臺 '迷你' 車床上切削。 額外齒輪裝置和車軸可從替換零件表中, 選購使用, 解決這個問題。
To use this chart with the Model 4100 (Metric) Lathe, use the 100-tooth gear in place of the 127-tooth gear when cutting metric threads and the 127-tooth gear in place of the 100-tooth ("A" Gear) when cutting American threads. Press the shaft out of the 127-tooth gear and into the 100-tooth gear. American threads finer than 40 TPI cannot be cut on the metric lathe.------------在一臺 4100 (公制) 型號車床使用這圖表﹐ 使用100 牙齒輪代替 127 牙齒輪去切公制紋線, 而用 127 牙齒輪代替 100 牙齒輪 "A" 切削英(美)制紋線。 拆下 127 牙齒輪, 再裝進 100 牙齒輪於軸心, 美制紋線細過 40 TPI 不能在此公制車床上切成。
NOTE: Gear "E" or "F" and "G" are idler gears and are not used to transmit power and control direction of rotation only.------------ 注釋 ﹕齒輪 "E" 或者 "F" 與 "G" 是空轉齒輪裝置, 并且不用來傳送動力; 只控制旋轉的方向。
NOTE: When cutting right hand threads, Gear "E" is used in the vertical slot of the Secondary Support Arm, P/N 3103. When cutting left hand threads, Gear "F" is used in the vertical slot and Gear "G" is used in the horizontal slot and Gear E is not used. See drawings in Figure 7 for more detail of how gears are actually installed on the support arms.------------ 注釋 ﹕當切削右旋紋線時﹐齒輪 "E" 放在次級支撐擘的垂直槽口內﹐ P/N 3103。 在切削左旋紋線時﹐齒輪 "F" 放在垂直的槽口, 而齒輪 "G" 要放在水平的槽口裏; 齒輪 "E" 不被使用。 參看圖7 , 將有更詳盡資料展示兩支架上齒輪的安裝。
** 3115 Gear Shafts are press fits in 3111 and 3127 Gears.------------ ** 3115 齒輪 軸心, 可套用於 3111 和 3127 齒輪上。
| NO. REQ. | PART NO. | DESCRIPTION |
| 1 | 31010 | Handwheel----手動轉輪 |
| 1 | 31020 | Primary Support Arm----初級支架 |
| 1 | 31030 | Secondary Support Arm----次級支架 |
| 1 | 31040 | Small Shim Washer----細薄介子 |
| 2 | 31050 | Large Shim Washer----大薄介子 |
| 2 | 31060 | Gear Bushing----齒輪軸套 |
| 1 | 31070 | Gear Drive Pin----齒輪驅動栓 |
| 1 | 31080 | 10-32 x 3/8" SetScrew----套裝螺絲 |
| 1 | 31090 | Pan Hd Sheet Metal Screw, #6 x 3/16" Type A----平頭螺絲 |
| 1 | 31100 | 100-Tooth Gear, 56 Pitch (w/ Notch)----百牙齒輪, 56 螺距(凹槽) |
| 1 | 31110 | 100-Tooth Gear, 56 Pitch百牙齒輪, 56 螺距 |
| 1 | 40340 | 10-32 x 1" Skt Hd Cap Screw----凹頭螺絲 |
| 3 | 40510 | 10-32 x 3/8" Skt Hd Cap Screw----凹頭螺絲 |
| 1 | 40330 | 10-32 x 5/8" Skt Hd Cap Screw----凹頭螺絲 |
| 1 | 40660 | #10 Washer----10 號介子 |
| 2 | 31150 | Gear Shaft----齒輪軸心 |
| 2 | 31200 | 20-Tooth Gear, 24 Pitch----廿牙齒輪, 24 螺距 |
| 1 | 31220 | 22-Tooth Gear, 24 Pitch----22 牙齒輪, 24 螺距 |
| 1 | 31240 | 24-Tooth Gear, 24 Pitch----24 牙齒輪, 24 螺距 |
| 1 | 31260 | 26-Tooth Gear, 24 Pitch----26 牙齒輪, 24 螺距 |
| 1 | 31270 | 127-Tooth Gear, 56 Pitch----127 牙齒輪, 56 螺距 |
| 1 | 31280 | 28-Tooth Gear, 24 Pitch----28 牙齒輪, 24 螺距 |
| 1 | 31300 | 30-Tooth Gear, 24 Pitch----30 牙齒輪, 24 螺距 |
| 1 | 31320 | 32-Tooth Gear, 24 Pitch----32 牙齒輪, 24 螺距 |
| 1 | 31340 | 34-Tooth Gear, 24 Pitch----34 牙齒輪, 24 螺距 |
| 1 | 31340 | 34-Tooth Gear, 24 Pitch----34 牙齒輪, 24 螺距 |
| 1 | 31360 | 36-Tooth Gear, 24 Pitch----36 牙齒輪, 24 螺距 |
| 1 | 31380 | 38-Tooth Gear, 24 Pitch----38 牙齒輪, 24 螺距 |
| 1 | 31400 | 40-Tooth Gear, 24 Pitch----40 牙齒輪, 24 螺距 |
| 1 | 31500 | 50-Tooth Gear, 56 Pitch----50 牙齒輪, 56 螺距 |
| 1 | 15090 | Sliding Shaft----滑動車軸 |
| 1 | 15420 | Engagement Lever----定位槓桿 |
| 1 | 15430 | Fixed Shaft----固定軸 |