| (a) |
| (i) | Write down the names of the structures labelled A, B, C, D and E for either te cartilaginous fish or the bony fish.
| | (ii) | What is the name of the part of the fish indicated by label F in the figure ?
|
| 6 marks
|
| (b) | Both fishes depicted in the figure are camouflaged.
| (i) | Explain the need for camouflage in one or both of these fishes.
| | (ii) | Explain how the pattern and arrangement of the camouflage is effective.
|
| 4 marks
|
| (c) | List three features, visible in the figure, which could be used to distinguish between these two types of fishes, for example in a dichotomous key.
| 3 marks
|
| (d) | The exchange of the gases oxygen and carbon dioxide occurs by diffusion across a respiratory surface.
| (i) | Name the respiratory surface of a fish.
| | (ii) | State two structural features of a fish's respiratory surface which aid gaseous exchange.
|
| 3 marks
|
| (e) | Explain how a fish ventilates its gills.
| 5 marks
|
| (f) | Explain how a fish maintains buoyancy. (In your answer make it clear whether you are describing a cartilaginous or a bony fish.) | 4 makrs
|
