2 Why did many villagers move to towns during the Industrial Revolution?
Many villagers left the countryside for the towns because they could find jobs more easily and they could earn
more.

3 How did the factory system replace the domestic system of production?
People built factories because machines for industrial use were too big to be set up in workers' homes.
Factory building ended the domestic system of production.

4 Which 3 new social classes rose during the Industrial Revolution?
The Industrial Revolution led to the rise of three new social classes --- the capitalist class, the middle class
and the working class.

5 Which people formed the capitalist class?
Owners of banks, railways, steamships and factories belonged to the capitalist class.

6 Which people formed the middle class?
People such as lawyers, doctors and merchants formed the middle class.

7 Which people formed the working class?
Workers in industrial towns belonged to the working class.

8 What is socialism?
Socialism is the belief that the State should own all resources in the interests of society as a whole.

9 Who wrote the Communist Manifesto?
In 1848, Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels wrote the Communist Manifesto.

10 What did workers form to improve their conditions?
Before the spread of socialism, workers in the West started to form trade unions to improve their conditions.

11 Why did some European countries start a policy of colonial expansion or imperialism?
Between 1750-1900, many industrial states produced more than they needed. To solve this problem of excess
production, they started a policy of colonial expansion or imperialism.

12 What effect did the growth of trade between countries have on these countries?
The benefits from trade drew countries together. By the 20th century, many countries were dependent on one
another in economic affairs. This economic interdependence started economic cooperation. One of the most
successful examples of economic cooperation is the European Economic Community (also called the
Common Market) formed by six European countries in 1958.