Glossary

A

Atonal - in a general sense describes music that departs from the system of tonal hierarchies that characterized the sound of classical European music from the sixteenth through the nineteenth centuries.

Avant-garde - (french: Advance Guard) Artists who use experimental or innovative techniques. B

Beat Generation - group of writers and poets that appeared in the fifties, later became a popular trend (i.e. Beatniks, those people who hand out in coffee shops, wear berets, and play the bongoes.) The more famous include Jack Kerouac, Allen Ginsberg, William S. Burroughs, and Gregory Corso.

Blues -

Bohemia, Boheme, etc. - click here

C

Cocaine - A colorless or white crystalline alkaloid, C17H21NO4, extracted from coca leaves, sometimes used in medicine as a local anesthetic especially for the eyes, nose, or throat and widely used as an illicit drug for its euphoric and stimulating effects.

Color Regionalism - Literary movement that sought to capture the essence of a location.

Cubism - Movement in painting that sought to show an object from many points of view at once. Named because of the geometric shapes used; Pablo Picasso is the most famous contributors (and origanators)

D

Dada - Dada or Dadaism [French, from dada, child's word for a horse] Nihilistic movement in the arts that flourished chiefly in France, Switzerland, and Germany from about 1916 to about 1920 [and later -ed.] and that was based on the principles of deliberate irrationality, anarchy, and cynicism and the rejection of laws of beauty and social organization. {Stolen from Here}
ANTI-ART!!!

Dirge - a funeral hymn, a song of mourning E

Expatriates - literary group in Paris during the two World Wars, Gerturde Stein encouraged and influenced the works of the writers and artists who gathered there. Members include Ernest Hemingway, F. Scott Fitzgerald, and Pablo Picasso.

Ectasy - a synthetic amphetamine analog C11H15NO2 used illicitly for its mood-enhancing and hallucinogenic properties called also MDMA, methylenedioxymethamphetamine

F
frescoe - Technique of painting directly onto plaster.(i.e. Michelangelo's Sistine Chapel, or Da Vinci's Last Supper)

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Jazz - musical genre created in the United States somewhere about 1910-1920.

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Marijuana - A preparation made from the dried flower clusters and leaves of the cannabis plant, usually smoked or eaten to induce euphoria

N

Naturalism - An offshoot of literary realism, empahsized instict and enviroment.

O

Opium - A bitter, yellowish-brown, strongly addictive narcotic drug prepared from the dried juice of unripe pods of the opium poppy and containing alkaloids such as morphine, codeine, and papaverine.

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Realism - Literary movement in the 19th century, sought to show life objectively and honestly. (Twain, Lanier)

S
Surrealism - Surrealism is a style in which fantastic visual imagery from the subconscious mind is used with no intention of making the artwork logically comprehensible

T

Troubadors - French musicians of the Middle Ages who composed songs with themes of love and chivalry; in northern France they are called trouveres
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