The main aspect which differentiates systema from other martial arts is the approach with which it is learnt. Systema students train in such a way as to develop their fundamental ability to function as a human being. In order to do this, learning must be undertaken in a completely natural way to rebuild the abilities that already exist in us but are 'deprogrammed' from an early age.
Everybody is different and has different strengths. These differences are reflected in the way people do everything, whether in a conflict situation or not. Although some martial arts force people to go against their nature by learning 'set' moves or methods of doing things, the real most effective action is always the easiest and most natural way. Therefore training in systema is not done by repeating set moves and stances, but by gradually finding solutions to the problems each training exercise presents. The non-competitive aspect of systema is especially important here because rather than attempting to 'win' in class, the whole class work together to refine each others responses to varying combat stimuli. In time the student discovers very strong innate sensitivities to the intent, force, and physical and mental condition of others.
Finding the solutions to challenging physical situations becomes easier if one adheres to four basic principles:
1. Form
'Form' means to make yourself comfortable and to align your body by supporting it using the balance of the skeleton rather than muscular tension. This puts the body in the strongest, steadiest position and allows ease of movement, relaxation and normal breathing.
2. Movement
The body is designed to move and should do so continuously when you seek to physically take action with others. You must be able to move each part of the body precisely and independently, but with the whole body and psyche working together as one unit. This makes it possible to keep the form of the body, helps relaxation and aids circulation and breathing.
3. Breathing
The way we breathe affects us physically and mentally. This becomes obvious when mental or physical changes coincide with changes in breathing. Understanding and control of breathing processes allow constant movement, correct form through control of mental stress (pain or fright) and aid relaxation. Once you start to understand breathing, it is even possible to control the heart beat and blood pressure in different parts on the body.
4. Relaxation
The natural tension of the body is different in every person. Precise, creative and economical movement is only possible within a relaxed body. Good breathing is also only possible in a relaxed body. Thus we can restore normal breathing by relaxation and vice versa. Constant movement and proper form are acheived by relaxation and ridding the body of unneccessary tension.
How can one prepare for real life? The answer is to make the training environment correct. For example if someone falls over it is likely be on concrete - so one must learn to fall safely on a hard floor without mats. This allows development of an accurate approach to falling and avoids the mental unpreparedness of transferring skills from an artificial to a real environment. The use of boxing gloves, pads and other protective equipment is also avoided. Every opportunity is taken to experience things in a way that is as close to reality as possible.
Sam Benson and Charlie Evatt 28.11.2003