K² O 28:1. Aaron and sons (Denomination). P d 28:2-5. Garments (General). e 28:6-38. Garments (Aaron's). P d 28:39. Garments (General). e 28:40-43. Garments (Aaron's sons). O 29:1-46. Aaron and his sons (Consecration).
2: And you shall make holy garments (Heb. garments of holiness, emphasis on "holy", see 3:5) for Aaron your brother for glory and for beauty. (Sept. timê kai doxa, same as Heb.2:9 and 2 Pet.1:17. With which Christ was clothed and crowned for the same purpose when He was consecrated priest [Matt.17:1-8. Mark 9:1-10. Luke 9:28-36] "to minister to Me in the priest's office".)
3: And you shall speak to all that are wise hearted, whom I have filled with the spirit of wisdom (cp. 35:30-36:7), that they may make Aaron's garments to consecrate him (=install), that he may minister to Me in the priest's office.
4: And these are the garments which they shall make (in v.4 & 39, general); a breastplate, and an ephod, and a robe, and a broidered coat, a mitre, and a girdle: and they shall make holy garments for Aaron your brother, and his sons, that he may minister to Me in the priest's office.
5: And they shall take gold, and blue, and purple, and scarlet, and fine linen.
e f 6-14. The Ephod and its girdle. g 15-30. The Breastplate. f 31-35. The Ephod and its robe. g 36-38. The Mitre-plate.
6: And they shall make the ephod of gold (from Heb. 'aphad, to bind on, because it held the breastplate in its place. See v.28. Worn by Aaron the priest, Samuel the prophet, 1 Sam.2:18, and David the king, 2 Sam.6:14, Christ combining all 3 offices), of blue, and of purple, of scarlet, and fine twined linen, with the work of a skillful weaver.
7: It shall have the two shoulderpieces thereof joined at the two edges thereof; and so it shall be joined together.
8: And the curious (=embroidered) girdle of the ephod, which is upon it, shall be of the same, according to the work thereof; even of gold, of blue, and purple, and scarlet, and fine twined linen. (5 items, the number of grace.)
9: And you shall take two onyx stones (with 6 names on each: the names collectively, on the shoulders, the place of strength. The names on the breastplate, one on each stone, individually, on the heart, the place of love, vv.15-21), and grave on them the names of the sons of Israel: (Note the three gravings connected with the heart, v.9, the shoulder, v.21, and the head, v.36.)
10: Six of their names on one stone, and the other six names of the rest on the other stone, according to their birth. (Here, on the sholders, the place of strength, all were borne up alike; but over the heart, the place of love, the order was "according to the tribes" as God chose them, v.21.)
11: With the work of an engraver in stone, like the engravings of a signet, shall you engrave the two stones with the names of the sons of Israel: you shall make them to be set in ouches (=sockets for precious stones) of gold.
12: And you shall put the two stones upon the shoulders of the ephod for stones of memorial to the sons of Israel: and Aaron shall bear their names before the Lord (Yahaveh) upon his two shoulders for a memorial.
13: And you shall make sockets for precious stones of gold;
14: And two chains of pure gold at the ends; of wreathen work shall you make them, and fasten the wreathen chains to the sockets for precious stones.
15: And you shall make the breastplate of judgment (Genitive of relation, by which judgement is put for "giving judicial judgement", see v.30) with skillful work; after the work of the ephod you shall make it; of gold, of blue, and of purple, and of scarlet, and of fine twined linen, shall you make it.
16: Foursquare it shall be being doubled; a span shall be the length thereof, and a span (about 10 1/2") shall be the breadth thereof.
17: And you shall set in it settings of stones, even four rows of stones (3 in first row, 3x4 = 12 = governmental perfection, as 3 +4 = spiritual perfection): the first row shall be a sardius, a topaz, and a carbuncle: this shall be the first row.
18: And the second row shall be an emerald, a sapphire, and a diamond.
19: And the third row a ligure, an agate, and an amethyst.
20: And the fourth row a beryl, and an onyx, and a jasper: they shall be set in gold in their inclosings.
21: And the stones shall be with the names of the sons of Israel, twelve, according to their names (according to the "twelve tribes" as God chose them. They were individual here, because over the heart, the place of love: one name on each stone), like the engravings of a signet; every one with his name shall they be according to the twelve tribes. (Order not given here. In v.10 according to the order of birth. Here perhaps, according to Num.2.)
22: And you shall make upon the breastplate chains at the ends of wreathen work of pure gold.
23: And you shall make upon the breastplate two rings of gold, and shall put the two rings on the two ends of the breastplate.
24: And you shall put the two wreathen chains of gold in the two rings which are on the ends of the breastplate.
25: And the other two ends of the two wreathen chains you shall fasten in the two sockets for the precious stones, and put them on the shoulderpieces of the ephod before it.
26: And you shall make two rings of gold, and you shall put them upon the two ends of the breastplate in the border thereof, which is in the opposite side of the ephod inward.
27: And two other rings of gold you shall make, and shall put them on the two sholders of the ephod underneath, toward the forepart thereof, over against the other coupling thereof, above the embroidered girdle of the ephod.
28: And they shall bind the breastplate by the rings thereof to the rings of the ephod with a lace of blue, that it may be above the embroidered girdle of the ephod, and that the breastplate be not loosed from the ephod.
29: And Aaron shall bear the names of the sons of Israel in the breastplate of judgment upon his heart (the place of love. See vv.9,10, and 21, and note the repitition of the word heart for emphasis), when he goes in unto the holy place, for a memorial before Yahaveh continually.
30: And you shall put in the breastplate of judgment the Urim and the Thummim; and they shall be upon Aaron's heart, when he goes in before the Lord (Yahaveh): and Aaron shall bear the judgment of the sons of Israel upon his heart before the Lord (Yahaveh) continually. (No command of God to make these. Only told to put [nathan, to give] them in the breastplate, i.e. into the bag of the breastplate [cp. v.26 and 16, also 39:9 and 19]. This bag was a doubled part, and the Urim and Thummim were probably two precious stones which were drawn out as a lot to give Yehovah's judgement. "The lot is cast into the lap [Heb. bosom]; but the whole judgement thereof is Yahaveh" [Prov.16:33]. Bosom here put for the clothing or coveing over it [cp. Ex.4:6,7. Ruth 4:16. Chek = bosom = any hollow thing, as of a chariot, 1 Kings 22:35]. The Heb. Urim and Thummim mean "lights" and "perfections". Probably these are the plurals of majesty, the sing. "light" [being put for that which is brought to light, i.e. guilt] and "perfection" [put for moral perfection, i.e. innocence]. Thus these two placed in the "bag", and one drawn out, would give the judicial decision [the name connected with the breastplate, cp. v.15 above], which would be "of Yehovah". Hence, the breastplate itself was known as "the breastplate of judgement" [v.15], because, by that, Yehovah's judgement was obtained whenever it was needed. Hence, when the land was divided "by lot" [Num.26:55 &c.], Eleazar, the high priest, must be present [Num.34:17, cp.27:21. Josh.17:4]. When he would decide the lot "came up" [Josh.18:11]; "came forth" [Josh.19:1]; "came out" [Josh.19"17]: i.e. "out", or "forth" from the bag of the ephod. In Ezra 2:61-63 & Neh.7:63-65, no judgement could be given unless the high priest was present with the breastplate, with its bag, with the lots of Urim and Thummim, which gave Yehovah's decision, "guilty" or "innocent", "yes" or "no". The Heb. for lot is always gôrål = a stone, except in Deut.32:9, 1 Chron.16:18 and Ps.105:11, where it is hêbel = a measuring line, put for the inheritance so measured. In Josh.13:6; 23:4. Ezek.45:1; 47:22; 48:29, it is naphal, to fall, put for the inheritance which falls to one from any cause. See all the passages where the Urim and Thummim are mentioned: Ex.28:30. Lev.8:8. Deut.33:8. Num.27:21. 1 Sam.28:6. Ezra 2:63. Neh.7:65, and cp. especialy the notes on Num.26:55, and 1 Sam.14:41.)
31: And you shall make the robe of the ephod all of blue.
32: And there shall be a hole in the top of it, in the midst thereof (to enable the hand of the High Priest to be put into the bag to draw out the Urm or Thmmim. Cp. vv.16 & 26, also 39:9,19): it shall have a binding of woven work round about the hole of it, as it were the hole of an habergeon (=a coat of mail), that it be not rent.
33: And beneath upon the hem (=skirts) of it you shall make pomegranates (see Num.13:23) of blue, and of purple, and of scarlet, round about the hem thereof; and bells of gold between them round about:
34: A golden bell and a pomegranate, a golden bell and a pomegranate, upon the hem of the robe round about.
35: And it shall be upon Aaron to minister: and his sound shall be heard when he goes in unto the holy place before Yahaveh, and when he comes out, that he die not.
36: And you shall make a plate of pure gold, and grave upon it, like the engravings of a signet, HOLINESS TO Yahaveh (The Lord). (Here it was worn only on the forehead of the hgh priest; but in the Millennial days it will be worn even on the bells of the horses, Zech.14:20,21. Cp. Rev.19:11-14; 14:20.)
37: And you shall put it on a blue lace, that it may be upon the mitre (=tiara, or turban. Heb. miznepheth, from zanaph, to wind round); upon the forefront of the tiara it shall be.
38: And it shall be upon Aaron's forehead, that Aaron may bear (=carry off, Lev.10:17. Ps.32:1. Isa.33:24) the iniquity (=vanity) of the holy things, which the sons of Israel shall hallow in all their holy gifts; and it shall be always upon his forehead, that they may be accepted before Yahaveh. (Notice these words, Christ is our Representative, we are holy in Him, and this "alway")
39: And you shall embroider the coat of fine linen, and you shall make the turban of fine linen, and you shall make the girdle of needlework. (The making deferred to ch.39. See v.3)
40: And for Aaron's sons you shall make coats, and you shall make for them girdles, and bonnets (=caps) shall you make for them, for glory and for beauty.
41: And you shall put them upon Aaron your brother, and his sons with him; and shall anoint them, and consecrate them (=instal them. Heb. fill their hand, "hand" being put for the authority and official power given to them. Cp. Latin mandare), and sanctify them, that they may minister to Me in the priest's office.
42: And you shall make them linen breeches (priests were effendi [Lev.6:10.1 Sam.2:18; 22:18]. Prophets were fellahin, and were coarse clothing [2 Kings 1:8. Zech.13:4. Matt.3:4) to cover their nakedness; from the loins even to the thighs they shall reach:
43: And they shall be upon Aaron, and upon his sons, when they come in unto the tent of the congregation, or when they come near to the altar to minister in the holy place; that they bear not vanity, and die: it shall be a statute for ever to him and his seed after him.
O Q¹ 1-3. Sacrifices. R¹ 4-9. Aaron and his sons. Q² 10-28. Sacrifices. R² 29,30. Aaron and his sons. Q³ 31-34. Sacrifices. R³ 35. Aaron and his sons. Q4 36-46. Sacrifices.
4: And you shall bring Aaron and his sons to the door of the tent of the congregation, and wash them in water. (Heb. råchaz = one of the ceremonial washings reffered to in Heb.6:2, and rendered "baptism")
5: And you shall take the garments, and put on Aaron the coat and the robe of the ephod (see 28:6), and the ephod, and the breastplate, and gird him with the embroidered girdle of the ephod;
6: And you shall put the turban on his head, and put the holy crown upon the turban.
7: Then you shall take the anointing oil, and pour it on his head and anoint him.
8: And you shall bring his sons, and put coats on them.
9: And you shall gird them with girdles, Aaron and his sons and put caps on them; and the priest's office shall be theirs for a perpetual statute: and you shall instal Aaron and his sons.
10: And you shall cause a bull to be brought before the tent of the congregation: And Aaron and his sons shall put their hands upon the head of the bull.
11: And you shall kill the bull before Yahaveh, by the door of the tent of congregation.
12: And you shall take the blood of the bull and put it upon the horns of the altar with your finger, and pour all of the blood beside the bottom of the altar.
13: And you shall take all the fat that covers the entrails, and the appendage that is above the liver (the omentum, not the midriff, but the flap over the liver), and the two kidneys, and the fat that is on them, and burn them upon the altar.
14: But the flesh of the bull, and its skin, and its dung, you shall burn with fire outside the camp (cp. Heb.13:11-13. A un-holy camp was unfit for a holy sin offering); it is a sin offering. (Heb. sin, put as in Gen.4:7, for sin offering)
15: You shall also take ram, and Aaron and his sons shall put their hands upon the head of the ram.
16: And you shall slay the ram, and shall take his blood and sprinkle it against the altar round about.
17: And you shall cut the ram into pieces, and wash the entrails of him, and his legs, and put them with his pieces and his head,
18: And you shall burn the whole ram upon the altar; it is a burnt offering to Yahaveh; it is a sweet savour (Heb. "savour of rest", i.e. complacency or satisfaction. See Gen.8:21), an offering by fire to the Lord (Yahaveh).
19: And you shall take the other ram; and Aaron and his sons shall put their hands upon the head of the ram.
20: And you shall kill the ram, and take of his blood, and (calling attention to the several parts touched by the atoning blood. All were consecrated, and each one is singled out and emphasised by the several "ands") put it upon the tip of the right ear of Aaron (The Antitype, Christ, so anointed and set aart "on the holy mount", 2 Pet.1:16-18. See 28:1,2. Cp. Ps.45:7. Heb.1:9. Note "your fellows", but "above" them, infinitely "above"), and upon the tips of the right ears of his sons, and upon the thumb of their right hand, and upon the great toe of their right foot, and sprinkle the blood upon the altar round about.
21: And you shall take of the blood that is on the altar, and of the anointing oil, and sprinkle it upon Aaron, and upon his garments, and upon his sons, and upon his sons' garments with him: and he shall be hallowed, and his garments, and his sons, and his sons' garments with him.
22: Also you shall take of the ram the fat of the rump, , and the fat that covers the entrails, and the appendage over the liver, and the two kidneys, and the fat that is on them, and the right shoulder; for it is a ram of consecration.
23: And one loaf of bread, and one cake of oiled bread, and one wafer out of the basket of unleavened bread that is before the Lord (Yahaveh);
24: And you shall put all these in the hands of Aaron, and in the hands of his sons; and shall wave them for a wave offering before the Lord (Yehovah).
25: And you shall recieve them from their hands, and burn them on the altar for a burnt offering, as a sweet savor before the Lord (Yehovah); it is an offering made by fire to the Lord (Yahaveh).
26: And you shall take the breast of the ram of Aaron's consecration, and wave it for a wave offering before the Lord (Yahaveh); and it shall be your portion.
27: And you shall sanctify the breast of the wave offering (turned to the four quarters of the earth), and the shoulder of the heave offering (lifted up to heaven for Yahaveh only), which is waved, and which is heaved up of the ram of consecration, even of that which is for Aaron, and that of which is for his sons.
28: And it shall be Aaron's and his sons' by a statute for ever from the sons of Israel, for it is a heave offering: and it shall be a heave offering from the sons of Israel of the sacrifice of their peace offerings; even their heave offering to the Lord (Yehovah).
29: And the holy garments of Aaron shall be his sons' after him, to be anointed therein, and consecrated in them.
30: And that son that is priest in his stead shall put them on seven days, when he comes into the tent of the congregation to minister in the holy place. (See 3:5)
31: And you shall take the ram of consecration, and boil his flesh in the holy place;
32: And Aaron and his sons shall eat the flesh of the ram, and the bread that is in the basket (This explains John 6:33. In Ex.29 this was literal, but in our case it must of necessity be purely and wholly spiritual. Cp. the eating of v.33 and the burning of v.34 with the eating and burnig of the Paschal Lamb, Ex.12:10,11), at the door of the tent of congregation.
33: And they shall eat those things with which atonement was made (The first occ. of the English word. The Heb. kåphar, to cover, gives the essential meaning, as shown in its first occurance, Gen.6:14, where it is rendered "pitch it". See Gen.32:20. Ps. 32:1. Hence used of the mercy-seat. See 25:17. The English "at-one-ment" has no connection whatsoever with the Heb. word kåphar), to install and sanctify them: but a stranger shall not eat thereof, because they are holy.
34: And if any of the flesh of the consecration, or of the bread, remain until the morning, then you shall burn the remainder with fire; it shall not be eaten, because it is holy.
35: And thus you shall do to Aaron, and to his sons, according to all things which I have commanded you; seven days shall you instal them.
36: And you shall make ready to sacrifice every day a bull for a sin offering: and you shall cleanse the altar, when you have made a covering for it, and you shall anoint it, to sanctify it.
37: Seven days you shall make covering for the altar, and sanctify it, and it shall be an altar most holy; whatsoever touches the altar shall be holy.
38: Now this is that which you shall prepare to sacrifice upon the altar; two lambs of the first year old day by day continually. (See the Divine comment on this. Heb.9:9; 10:1,2)
39: The one lamb you shall prepare to sacrifice in the morning, and the second lamb you shall prepare to sacrifice in the evening (Heb. between the two evenings =at dusk. See Ex.12:6; 16:12; 30:8);
40: And with the first lamb a tenth deal (aprox. 1/2 gal.) of fine flour mingled with a fourth of a hin (=aprox. 1 quart) of beaten oil, and a fourth of a hin of wine for a drink offering.
41: And the other lamb you shall prepare to sacrifice at dusk, and you shall do thereto according to the meal offering of the morning, and according to the drink offering thereof, for a sweet savor (=satisfation), an offering by fire to Yahaveh.
42: This shall be a continual burnt offering throughout your generations at the door of the tent of the congregation before the Lord (Yehovah), where I will meet by appointment with you (see 25:22), to speak there to you.
43: And there I will meet by appointment with the sons of Israel, and with the tabernacle it shall be sanctified by My glory;
44: I will sanctify the tent of the congregation and the altar; I will sanctify also both Aaron and his sons, to minister to Me in the priest's office.
45: And I will dwell among the sons of Israel, and will be their God (Elohim).
46: And they shall know that I am the Lord (Yahaveh) their God (Elohim), That brought them forth out of the land of Egypt, that I might dwell in the midst them (this was the object in bringing them forth from Egypt); I am the Lord (Yahaveh) their God (Elohim).