Appendix 1.  A list of the studies on VLCD which have been identified

 showing an outline of that data.

 

Note that every effort has been made to try to ensure that double reporting has

not occurred. A very few papers have been included where the diet was either

food based or vegetable supplemented. These record comparative data to full

formula based studies. The food based data was omitted from the material

presented to the Working Group.

 

? implies that the paper has been read but that the information is not clear

* implies that it has not been possible to obtain the original paper to date.

      The information  recorded is from an abstract but this data has not been included 

      in the analysis submitted to the Working Group

 

 

 

Author      Date    Kcal    Prot     Carboh            Number           PeriodNotes

 

Evans & Strang                          1929        400             50                  8                    187                Av 8.7 weeks

 

Strong et al                                1958        400             25                  40                  7                    40-45 days

 

Sohar                                         1959        550             ?                   ?                   38                  40 days

 

Drenick et al                              1970        0                 0                    0                    11                  av 71 days  (47-107 days)

 

Drenick et al                              1970        500             50                  ?                    7                    av 5 months

 

McLean Baird et al                    1974        60-360        15-80             20-40             5                    2-42 weeks

 

Genuth et al                               1974        300             45                  30                  45                  Av 23 weeks

 

Genuth et al                               1974        300             45                  30                  30                  Av 19 weeks

 

Schreibman et al                        1974        660             25                  75                  10                  6 weeks

 

Lindner & Blackburn                 1976          ?               ?                   ?                   67                  Av 16.7 weeks

 

Howard & McLean Baird         1977        180             15                  30                  13                  13 weeks

 

Howard & McLean Baird         1977        240             20                  40                  20                  4 weeks            Part after 180 diet

 

Howard & McLean Baird         1977        260             25                  40                  36                  Av 15 Weeks    Part after lower

                                                                                                                                                       3-56 weeks       energy diet

 

Howard & McLean Baird         1977        320             40                  40                  10                  Av 16 weeks

                                                                                                                                                       3-34 weeks

 

McLean Baird & Howard         1977        260             25                  40                  25                  4 weeks

 

McLean Baird & Howard         1977        260             25                  40                  21                  8 weeks

 

Baud et al                                  1977        320             31                  44                  16                  8 weeks

 

Vertes et al                                1977        320             45                  30                  519                Av 29.8 wks    Up to 92 weeks

 

McLean Baird & Howard         1977        60              25                  40                  38                  8 wks

 

Grant et al                                 1978        320             31                  44                  6                    12 weeks

 

Howard et al                              1978        320             31                  44                  50                  4-12 weeks

 

Visser et al                                 1978        320             31                  44                  9                    6 weeks

 

Shapiro                                      1978        320             31                  44                  24                  5 weeks

 

Kirschner et al                           1979        300             45                  30                  480                av 14 weeks

 

mberts et al                            1979        320             31                  44                  9                    4 weeks

 

Wilson & Lamberts                   1979        320             31                  44                  11                  4 weeks

 

Savage et al                                1979        500                                   50                  20                  4 weeks +

 

Vertes et al                                1979        320             45                  30                  99                  9-92 weeks

 

Moore et al                                1980        320             31                  44                  8                    12 weeks

 

Moore et al                                1980        320             31                  44                  4                    20 weeks

 

Dehaven et al                             1980        400             50                  55                  7                    3-5.5 weeks

 

Stokholm et al                           1980        317             43                  30                  22                  Av 9 weeks

 

Phinney et al                             1980        500-750      c70                <10                6                    6 weeks            1.2g p/kg IBW food

 

Winterer et al                             1980        450-500      c90                <10                5                    3 weeks            1.5g p/kg IBW food

 

Quaade, Backer et al                  1981        341             35                  40                  13                  8 weeks

 

Quaade, Hyldstrup et al            1981        565             58                  67                  9                    12 weeks

 

Di Biase et al                             1981        330             31                  44                  12                  5-8 weeks

 

Hickey et al                               1981        330             30                  45                  23                  8 weeks

 

Trott & Tyler                            1981        330             33                  44                  50                  6 weeks

 

McLean Baird                           1981        320             31                  44                  15                  4 weeks

 

McLean Baird                           1981        320             31                  44                  7                    6 weeks           

 

McLean Baird                           1981        320             31                  44                  16                  8 weeks

 

McLean Baird                           1981        320             31                  44                  6                    12 weeks

 

Di Biass et al                             1981        330             33                  44                  11                  5-8 weeks

 

Hickey et al                               1981        330             33                  44                  14                  4 weeks

 

Tuck et al                                  1981          ?               ?                   ?                   25                  12 weeks

 

Apfelbaum et al                         1981        560             70                  36                  40                  15 weeks

 

Zollner & Keller                        1981        300             23                  34                  ?                     4-6 weeks

 

Contaldo et al                            1981        80               17                  tr                   10                  4 weeks

 

Contaldo et al                            1981        180             40                  tr                   5                    4 weeks

 

Contaldo et al                            1981        180             17                  25                  5                    2 weeks            Aft 80kcal for 2 wks

 

Atkinson & Kaiser                    1981        350             55                  30                  234                12 weeks          Cont varies on wt

 

Cook et al                                  1981        320             31                  44                  45                  16 weeks

 

Wilson & Lamberts                   1981        320             31                  44                  11                  24 days

 

Krotkiewski et al                       1981        500             48                  67                  18                  3 weeks

 

Rabast et al                                1981        0                 0                    0                    7                    28 days

 

Rabast et al                                1981        300             56                  12                  7                    28 days

 

Wechsler et al                            1981        240             33                  25                  22                  28 days

 

Schouten et al                            1981        240             33                  25                  13                  14 days

 

Mancini et al                             1981        80-330        20-40             0-44               289                4-8 weeks

 

Shalan et al                                1981        PSMF        ?                   ?                   100                12 weeks          ECG's

 

Nagelesporan et al                     1981        500                                   50                  18                  4–12 weeks

 

Fisler et al                                  1982        300-500      50-100           0-10               38                  2 months

 

Fisler et al                                  1982        422             106                Tr                  5                    40-55 days

 

Fisler et al                                  1982        382             96                  0                    5                    40-55 days

 

Amatruda et al                           1983        472             70                  30                  6                    40 days

 

Phinney et al                             1983        450-580      c90                <10                5                    28 days            1.5g p/kg IBW

 

Phinney et al                             1983        450-580      c60                35-40             5                    28 days            0.8g p/kg IBW

 

Palgi et al                                   1983        ?400           ?75                <10                668                Av 17 weeks

 

Linet et al                                  1983        ?300           60                  ?                    14                  7 weeks

 

Andersen et al                           1983        565             58                  67                  40                  12 weeks

 

Widholm & Zwiamer                1983        240             33                  25                  8                    21 days

 

Andersen et al                           1984        341             35                  40                  30                  8 week periods

 

Wallace & von Wilt                   1984        410             70                  30                  20                  12 weeks

 

Wechsler et al                            1984        240             33                  25                  27                  28 days

 

Wechsler et al                            1984        320             33                  45                  10                  28 days

 

Wechsler et al                            1984        395             50                  25                  10                  28 days

 

Wechsler et al                            1984        450             50                  45                  14                  28 days

 

Issacs & Parry                           1984        410             70                  30                  217                28 days

 

Cole & Taylor                           1984        410             70                  30                  9                    28 days

 

Hadden et al                              1984        410             70                  30                  8                    28 days

 

Hall et al                                    1984        410             70                  30                  18                  up to 12 months

 

Hobbiss et al                             1984        410             70                  30                  6                    28 days

 

Isaacs                                         1984        410             70                  30                  10                  28 days

 

Hoffer et al                                1984        560             85                  tr                   9                    8 weeks

 

Hoffer et al                                1984        501             44                  38                  8                    8 weeks

 

Maxwell et al                             1984        320             45                  30                  30                  12 weeks            

 

Kreitzman et al                          1984        330             33                  44                  27                  28 days

 

Henry et al                                1985        330             35                  45                  30                  40 days

 

Henry et al                                1985        320             33                  44                  30                  40 days

 

Atkinson et al                            1985        330             33                  44                  7                    6 weeks

 

kinson et al                            1985        330             33                  44                  6                    4 weeks

 

Bjorvell & Rossner                    1985        600             60                  54                  68                  6 weeks

 

Miller                                        1985        330             33                  44                  5                    4 weeks

 

McLean Baird                           1985        330             33                  44                  12                  4 weeks

 

Mc Lean Baird                          1985        330             33                  44                  13                  4 weeks

 

Howard                                     1985        330             33                  44                  5                    4 weeks

 

Kreitzman                                 1985        330             33                  44                  27                  4 weeks

 

Vanroelen et al                           1985        500             60                  54                  11                  6 weeks

 

Vanroelen et al                           1985        700             70/75             30/35             11                  12 weeks

 

Van Gaal, Snyders et al             1985        500             60                  54                  15                  6 weeks

 

Van Gaal, Vanroelen et al          1985        700             70/75             30/35             38                  6 months          Food based

 

Van Gaal, Vanroelen et al          1985        500             60                  54                  11                  6 weeks

 

Drenick et al                              1985        382/422      96/106           tr                   16                  40 days

 

Lockwood et al                          1985        300             75                  0                    6                    40 days

 

Lockwood et al                          1985        472             70                  30                  6                    40 days

 

Vessby et al                               1985        200             13                  35                  20                  3 weeks

 

Henry et al                                1986        420-600      40-58             53-75             11                  4 to 12 weeks

 

Kolanowski                               1986        508             62                  51                  10                  8 days

 

Kolanowski                               1986        505             61                  53                  10                  8 days

 

Henrivaux et al                          1986        500             60                  54                  25                  2 weeks

 

Van Gaal & De Leeuw              1986        500             60                  54                  15                  6 weeks

 

Weinkove et al                           1986        330             33                  44                  20                  4 weeks

 

Earle et al                                   1986        330             33                  44                  16                  4 weeks

 

Alban Davies et al                     1986        330             33                  44                  9                    8 weeks

 

Andersen et al                           1986        388             56                  30                  74                  8 week periods

 

Mathieson  et al                        1986        530             33                  44                  7                    4 weeks

 

Mathieson et al                         1986        530             33                  94                  5                    4 weeks

 

Archer & Mills                          1987        330             33                  44                  54                  8 weeks

 

Yang et al                                   1987        716             131                tr                   3                    64 days

 

Yang et al                                   1987        626             56                  58                  3                    64 daya

 

Rillaerts et al                             1987        210-280      30-35             18-26             5                    16 days

 

Wadden et al                              1987        500             60/75             ?                    30                  25 weeks          Note not formula

 

Andersen et al                           1987        388             56                  30                  74                  8 week periods

 

Kreitzman,  Hartley et al          1987        330             33                  44                  7                    1 week

 

Weck et al                                  1987        330             33                  42                  10                  4 weeks

 

Weck et al                                  1987        334             34                  36                  25                  4 weeks

 

Dobriansky et al                        1987        330             33                  44                  15                  2 weeks

 

Ellis et al                                    1987        300-450      45-75             30-35             14                  9 months

 

Scalfi et al                                  1987        180             40                  tr                   7                    3 weeks

 

Scalfi et al                                  1987        270             60                  tr                   7                    3 weeks

 

Scalfi et al                                  1987        240             34                  24                  7                    3 weeks

 

Scalfi et al                                  1987        500             60                  54                  7                    3 weeks

 

Cabrer et al                                1987        493             60                  52                  11                  15 days

 

Barrows & Snook                      1987        420             70                  30                  15                  Av 18.1 wks    13 - 22wks

 

Van Gaal et al                            1987        500             60                  54                  10                  6 weeks           

 

Pasquali et al                             1987        440             60                  54                  6                    2 months

 

Pasquali et al                             1987        440             41                  81                  6                    2 months

 

Wenzel et al                               1987        390             30                  52                  10                  28 days

 

Andersen et al                           1987        388             56                  30                  74                  Av 26 wks       8 – 84 wks

                                                                                                                                                      

Friis et al                                   1987        420             70                  30                  46                  6 weeks

 

Wirth et al                                 1987        300             28                  20                  40                  4 weeks            Food based

 

Stokholm et al                           1987        500             34                  ?                   6                    4 weeks

 

Amatruda et al                           1988        420             45                  54                  6                    40 days

 

Kirschner et al                           1988        420             70                  30                  4026              Av 13 weeks

 

Scheen et al                                1988        300             70                  Tr                  15                  11 days

 

Scheen et al                                1988        500             60                  54                  15                  11 days

 

Hovell et al                                1988        420             70                  30                  497                16-26 weeks

 

Andersen et al                           1988        500             34                  ?                   30                  8 weeks x2

 

Feidrefsky et al                         1988        420-600      40-58             53-75             15                  46-120 days

 

Uusitupa et al                            1989        500             10                  13                  10                  12 days

 

Ramhamadamy et al                  1989        330             33                  44                  34                  4 weeks            Cardiac stud

 

Finer et al                                  1989        330             33                  44                  59                  8 weeks

 

Hainer et al                                1989        380             36                  50                  40                  4 weeks

 

Walls et al                                  1989        405             42                  44                  15                  2 weeks

 

Coxon et al                                1989        405             42                  44                  26                  8 weeks

 

Beeson et al                               1989        330-405      33-42             44                  4                    8 week periods

 

Lemons et al                              1989        405             42                  44                  40                  8 weeks

 

 

 

Kreitzman, Coxon et al             1989        405             42                  44                  5                    8 weeks

 

Garrow et al                              1989        405             42                  44                  17                  3 months

 

Shapiro et al                              1989        330/405      33/42             44                  408                4-72 weeks

 

Rattan et al                                1989        405             42                  44                  39                  8 weeks

 

Cox et al                                    1989        405             42                  44                  5                    2 weeks

 

Walls et al                                  1989        330             33                  44                  15                  2 weeks

 

Quaade & Astrup                      1989        388/446      56/69             30/37             20                  Av 2.8 months

 

Quaade & Astrup                      1989        388/446      56/69             30/37             18                  Av 4.3 months

 

Moyer et al                               1989        660-720      51                  108                24                  6 weeks

 

Elliot et al                                  1989        300             45                  0                   7                    8 weeks

 

Niemi et al                                 1989        520             50                  79                  69                  8 weeks

 

Inoue et al                                  1989        240/420      34/70             26/30             57                  4 weeks

 

Van Gaal et al                            1989        670             80                  32                  34                  6 months                          Food based

 

Vansant et al                              1989        650-750      80                  32                  15                  6 months          Food based

 

Weigle et al                                1989        660             51                  105                11                  Av 95 days      Holter monitoring

 

Hanefeld & Weck                      1989        323             34                  40                  100+              4-6 weeks

 

Weck et al                                  1989        300             34                  45                  27                  4 weeks

 

Ohno et al                                  1989        240             33                  25.5               18                  4-8 weeks

 

Ohno et al                                  1989        420             70                  30                  22                  4-8 weeks

 

Ernst et al                                  1989        300             0                   75                  7                    15 days

 

Pavlou et al                                1989        420             70                  ?                   44                  12 weeks          diets varied

 

Miura et al                                 1989        420             70                  30                  31                  1-2 months

 

Kanders et al                             1989        420             70                  30                  106                16 weeks

 

Voliovitch et al                          1989        330             33                  44                  27                  28 days

 

Del Rio et al                              1989        500             60                  53                  9                    14 days

 

Fukuda et al                               1989        420             70                  30                  12                  4 weeks

 

Saris & Van Dale                       1989        714             51.6               75.5               62                  4 weeks

 

Koyama et al                             1990        420             70                  30                  3                    4 weeks

 

Foster et al                                1990        500             60-75             ?                    7                    8 weeks            Food based

 

Davis & Phinney                       1990        450-550      c90                <10                5                    3-5 months       1.5g pr/kg IBW food

 

Davis & Phinney                       1990        420             70                  30                  5                    3-5 months 

 

Wadden et al                              1990        400-500      60-75             <10                8                    8 weeks

 

LaPorte & Stunkard                  1990        420             70                  30                  67                  10 weeks

 

Phinney et al                             1990        720             c90                c30                12                  4-5 weeks

 

Wadden et al                              1990        420             70                  30                  9                    16 weeks

 

Astrup, Andersen et al              1990        388             56                  30                  8                    8 week periods

 

Astrup, Vrist et al                     1990        388/446      56/69             30/37             22                  4 weeks

 

Quaade et al                               1990        388/446      56/69             30/37             202                Av 8 weeks      2 – 32 weeks

 

Goldberg et al                            1990        420             70                  30                  7                    2 week cycles

 

Coxon et al                                1990        405             42                  44                  12                  10 weeks

 

Burley et al                                1990        405             42                  44                  8                    2 weeks

 

Ramhamadany et al                   1990        320             31                  44                  33                  8 weeks

 

Steven et al                                1990        500             60                  54                  90                  6 weeks

 

Yamamoto et al                         1990        240-420      40-70             18-30             91                  4-24 weeks

 

Anderson & Brinkman              1990        520             50                  79                  80                  Av 26 weeks    6 – 74 weeks

 

Arai et al                                    1990        420             70                  30                  25                  1-2 months

 

Dumitrescu et al                        1990        500             70                  40                  46                  Av 2 weeks

 

Finer                                          1990        405             42                  44                  45                  8 weeks

 

Ikeda et al                                  1990        420             70                  30                  5                    4-8 weeks

 

Kamrath, Diner et al                  1990        605             70                  70                  53                  12-21 weeks

 

Kamrath, Plummer et al            1990a      605             70                  70                  179                16 weeks

 

Kamrath, Plummer et al            1990b      605             70                  70                  11                  8 weeks

 

Nishizawa et al                          1990        420             70                  30                  8                    4 week periods

 

O'Hanrahan et al                        1990        405             42                  44                  10                  6 weeks

 

Okajima et al                             1990        420             70                  30                  2                    2-8weeks

 

Parenti et al                               1990        526             61                  46                  24                  8 weeks

 

Prentice et al                              1990        420             70                  30                  11                  2 week              cycles

 

Laporte & Stunkard                  1990        420             70                  30                  22                  10 weeks          some 800 kcal

 

Wadden, Mason et al                1990        400-500      60-75             15                  8                    8 weeks            Food based

 

Kabrt et al                                 1990        300             35                  44                  5                    16 days

 

Kabrt et al                                 1990        500             70                  45                  13                  16 days

 

Kabrt et al                                 1990        600             100                45                  9                    16 days           

 

Andersen                                   1990        500-800      ?                   ?                    20                  1-9 weeks

 

Niemi et al                                 1990        520             50                  79                  80                  6-59 weeks

 

Vermeulen                                 1990        400             60                  25                  51                  4 weeks

 

Scalfi et al                                  1990        180             40                  Trace             5                    20 days

 

Scalfi et al                                  1990        240             34                  26                  7                    20 days

 

 

Scalfi et al                                  1990        270             60                  Trace             6                    20 days

 

Scalfi et al                                  1990        500             60                  54                  10                  20 days

 

Krotkiewski et al                       1990        544             55                  48                  32                  4 weeks

 

Foster et al                                1990        500             60-70             100                5                    8 weeks

 

Uusitupa et al                            1990        420             40                  52                  10                  12 days

 

Kasim et al                                1991        500             70                  35                  28                  8 weeks

 

Donnelly et al                            1991        520             50                  79                  69                  13 weeks

 

Doherty et al                             1991        420             70                  30                  12                  16 weeks

 

Burgess                                      1991        800             70                  100                17                  12 weeks

 

Phinney et al                             1991        450-600      70                  ?                   2                    26 weeks           Food based

 

Wing et al                                  1991        420             70                  30                  37                  8 weeks            Food based

 

Anderson et al                           1991        520             50                  79                  100                var 1 - 39 wks  ECG's

 

Liebermeister & Bleckman        1991        400             ?                   ?                   40                  4 weeks            ECG's

 

Field et al                                   1991        520             50                  79                  69                  90 days

 

Phinney et al                             1991        420             70                  30                  4                    6 months          Formula based

 

Bartilo et al                                1991        526             63                  ?                   10                  4 weeks

 

Hainer et al                                1991        380             36                  50                  42                  4 weeks

 

Peterson et al                             1991        420             70                  30                  6821              2 weeks

 

Shoji et al                                   1991        420             70                  30                  6                    8 weeks

 

Gougeon et al                            1991        412             93                  10                  6                    21 days

 

Fricker et al                               1991        310             60                  1                    6                    3 weeks

 

Ross et al                                   1991        411             91                  11                  16                  4 weeks

 

Stokholm et al                           1991        388             56                  30                  8                    2 weeks (7-22 days)

 

Nishizawa et al                          1991        420             70                  30                  8                    8 weeks

 

Hartman et al                             1992        500/800      50/80             ?                   102                av 22 weeks variable

 

Kaplan et al                               1992        520             50                  79                  21                  1-4 weeks         cycles

 

Steven & Henderson                 1992        600             var                 var                 90                  6 weeks

 

Okajima et al                             1992        420             70                  30                  2                    2 months

 

Gougeon                                    1992        410             93                  10                  6                    4 weeks

 

Gougeon et al                            1992        410             93                  10                  7                    6 weeks            Gel hydrol form

 

Holden et al                               1992        300-450      45-75             30-75             118                8 weeks

 

Anderson et al                           1992        520             50                  79                  100                16 weeks

 

Anderson et al                           1992        420             70                  30                  100                16 weeks

 

Anderson et al                           1992        600             78                  30                  80                  16 weeks          

 

 

Foster et al                                1992        420             70                  30                  21                  12 weeks          

 

Foster et al                                1992        660             90                  30                  23                  12 weeks          

 

Foster et al                                1992        500             70                  100                24                  12 weeks           

 

O'Neil & Jarrell                         1992        420             70                  35                  12                  variable 4 weeks +

 

Suratt et al                                 1992        420             65                  31                  12                  8 weeks

 

Franssila-Kallunki et al             1992        410             40                  52                  12                  6 weeks

 

Slabber et al                               1992        700             51                  85                  9                    4 weeks

 

Quaade et al                               1992        388             56                  30                  42                  up to 12 mnths

 

Saris et al                                   1992        470             70                  ?40                94                  4 weeks

 

Kaplan et al                               1992        520             50                  79                  21                  av 9.8 weeks

 

Kamrath et al                             1992        605             70                  70                  11                  8 weeks

 

Hainer et al                                1992        380             36                  50                  42                  4 weeks

 

Hainer et al                                1992        380             36                  50                  71                  4 weeks

 

Van Gaal et al                            1992        c 420          60                  32                  94                  various

 

Shoji et al                                   1992        420             70                  30                  8                    8 weeks

 

Yamamoto et al                         1992        420             70                  30                  91                  4-24 weeks        4 week cycles

 

Parenti et al                               1992        526             61                  46                  24                  8 weeks

 

Richman et al                             1992        410             70                  30                  39                  2 weeks

 

Yang et al                                   1992        520             55                  79                  248                16 weeks

 

Pasquali et al                             1992        440             60                  45                  10                  6 weeks

 

Nishizawa et al                          1992        420             70                  30                  8                    4 weeks

 

Kamrath et al                             1992        605             70                  70                  48                  Variable to 20 weeks

 

Eston et al                                 1992        405             42                  44                  10                  6 weeks

 

Del Rio et al                              1992        500             60                  44                  16                  20 days

 

Burley et al                                1992        405             42                  44                  8                    2 weeks

 

Arai et al                                    1992        420             70                  30                  25                  4 - 8 weeks

 

Kamrath et al                             1992        605             70                  70                  179                various

 

Finer et al                                  1992        405             42                  44                  45                  8 weeks

 

Atkinson et al                            1992        410             53                  44                  23                  12 weeks          Prog 1

 

Atkinson et al                            1992        420             70                  30                  53                  12 weeks          Prog 2

 

Quaade et al                               1992        388-446      65-78             30/37             172                Av 23 weeks

 

Ravenna et al                             1992        550             70                  ?50+              840                2 week cycles  

 

Kent                                          1992        405             44                  46                  15                  Av 12 weeks

 

 

LaPorte                                      1992        420             70                  30                  25                  10 weeks

 

Mooney et al                             1992        500             ?                   ?                   76                  22 weeks

 

Marks et al                                1992        520             52                  58                  9                    4 months

 

Bleiberg-Daniel et al                  1992        366             71                  10                  13                  3 weeks

 

Osterman et al                           1992        420             70                  30                  209                12 weeks         

 

Numata et al                              1993        240             42                  18                  20                  8-12 weeks

 

Saunders et al                            1993        405             42                  44                  11                  11 weeks 

 

Shovic et al                                1993        380-475      56-70             32-40             72                  12-16 weeks

 

Hartmann et al                           1993        500-800      50-80             ?                   102                22 weeks aver

 

Hoie et al                                   1993        430             61.5               30.5               127                8 weeks

 

Lieverse et al                             1993        240             33                  26                  6                    10 weeks

 

Apfelbaum                                1993        560             55/70             36                  8000              up to 4 weeks  Pr men 70g:wom 55g

 

Tanaka et al                               1993        420             70                  30                  19                  8-32 weeks       4 weeks cycle

 

Dammbach et al                         1993        444             50                  45                  12                  4 weeks

 

Hainer et al                                1993        380             37                  50                  20                  4 weeks

 

Anton-Kuchly et al                   1993        586             c70                50                  7                    12 days            Prot 1.2g/kg

 

Kunesova et al                           1993        406             40                  50                  23                  4 weeks

 

Librenti et al                              1993        800             90                  75                  6                    3 weeks            Comp with 500Kcal

 

Librenti et al                              1993        500             60                  40                  10                  3 weeks

 

Mersori et al                              1993        500             60                  54                  134                11-14 days

 

Ofschewski et al                        1993        770             70                  90                  41                  26 weeks

 

Ofschewski et al                        1993        770             70                  90                  177                various          

 

Toubro & Astrup                      1993        476             60/72             30.5               21                  8 weeks          

 

Uusitupa et al                            1993        500             40-45             60                  12                  1 week

 

Zamboni et al                            1993        310             40                  35                  16                  2 weeks

 

Flynn & Walsh                          1993        420             70                  30                  306                26 weeks

 

Del Rio et al                              1993        500             60                  54                  20                  24 days

 

Yass-Reed et al                          1993        420             70                  30                  18                  12 weeks

 

Kelley et al                                1993        420             70                  30                  209                2 months

 

Beeson                                       1994        425/473      43                  38/45             500                4 – 12 weeks

 

Donnelly et al                            1994        520             50                  79                  115                12 weeks

 

Whatley et al                             1994        800             70                  100                23                  12 weeks

 

Toplak & Wascher                    1994        458             52                  46                  20                  8 weeks

 

Wing et al                                  1994        420             70                  30                  45                  12 weeks x2

 

 

Vasquez & Kazi                        1994        615             70                  9                    8                    28 days

 

Vasquez & Kazi                        1994        614             70                  86                  8                    28 days

 

Matthews et al                          1994        420             70                  30                  13                  12 weeks

 

Wadden et al                              1994        420             70                  30                  28                  16 weeks

 

Tang et al                                   1994        660             90                  30                  5                    4-6 months

 

Gougeon et al                            1994        410             93                  10                  7                    6 weeks

 

Poggi et al                                  1994        470             63                  45                  31                  3 months          Women

 

Poggi et al                                  1994        514             63                  46                  21                  3 months          Men

 

Rotella et al                               1994        450             40.8               53.6               60                  15 days cycles

 

Anderson et al                           1994        520             50                  79                  80                  av 25.6 weeks

 

Galli et al                                   1994        500                                                                               5 weeks            *

 

Kern et al                                   1994        520-899        ?                    ?                  109                12-20 weeks

 

Hakala et al                                1994        500              44                  59                7                    6 weeks

 

Greenway et al                          1994        400             50                  45                  16                  12 weeks

 

Greenway et al                          1994        600             70                  70                  55                  up to 20 wks    ECG

 

Greenway et al                          1994        420             70                  32                  55                  up to 20 wks    ECG

 

Wing et al                                  1994        420             70                  30                  93                  12 weeks

 

Marks et al                                1994        520             52                  58                  22                  several weeks

 

Scheen et al                                1994        320-600      ?                    ?                    42                  13-24 days

 

Wing, Blair et al                         1994        420             70                  30                  450                12 weeks          Part diet/food

 

Shiffman et al                            1995        520             50                  80                  1004              16 weeks

 

Van Gaal et al                            1995        760             ?                   ?                   32                  10 weeks          No details on diet

 

Van Gaal et al                            1995        500             ?                   ?                   32                  12 days            No details on diet

 

Gougeon et al                            1995        420             93                  10                  6                    6 weeks

 

Drent et al                                 1995        470             52                  50                  20                  8 weeks

 

Seim et al                                   1995        800             70                  100                126                3 months

 

Marsubian et al                         1995        600             50                  80                  13                  14 days

 

Rasmussen et al                         1995        380             56                  29.7               5                    4 days

 

Andersen et al                           1995        421             51                  25                  9                    4 weeks

 

Valtuena et al                             1995        458             52                  46                  9                    28 days

 

Ryttig & Rossner                      1995        330             33                  44                  60                  12 weeks

 

Vazquez et al                             1995        620             50                  10                  12                  4 weeks

 

Vasquez et al                             1995        620             50                  76                  12                  4 weeks

 

 

Vasquez et al                             1995        620             70                  10                  12                  4 weeks

 

Vasquez et al                             1995        620             70                  86                  12                  4 weeks

 

Recasens et al                            1995        480             55.5               48                  20                  4 weeks

 

Hoie & Bruusgaard                    1995        430             61.5               30.5               253                8 weeks

 

Leutholtz et al                           1995        420             70                  30                  40                  12 weeks

 

Wing et al                                  1995        594             52                  10                  11                  28 daya            Ketogenic

 

Wing et al                                  1995        590             50                  76                  10                  28 days            non-ketog

 

Ewbank et al                              1995                                                                       45                                           *

 

Walsh & Flynn                          1995        420             70                  30                  145                12  weeks

 

Snow & Harris                          1995                                                                       209                                         *

 

Hernandez-Bayo et al               1995        420             70                  30                  18                  4 weeks

 

Hakala et al                                1995        500             44                  59                  11                  6 weeks

 

Marks et al                                1996        520             52                  58                  47                  12 weeks

 

Pekkarinen et al                         1996        429             60                  30.5               62                  17 weeks

 

Rossner et al                              1996        430             48                  40                  22                  8 weeks           

 

Gougeon                                    1996        410             93                  10                  7                    27 days           

 

Agras et al                                 1996        800             70                  100                194                12 weeks         

 

Grodstein et al                           1996        420             70                  30                  192                12-26 weeks    

 

Rasmussen et al                         1996        380             56                  29.7               18                  variable

 

Gumbiner et al                           1996        610             70                  10                  7                    3 weeks            High ketogenic

 

Gumbiner et al                           1996        610             70                  86                  6                    3 weeks            Low ketogenic

 

Wing & Anglin                          1996        420             70                  30                  37                  12 weeks x2

 

Bryson et al                               1996        420             70                  30                  11                  4-12 weeks

 

Burstein et al                             1996        458             52                  46                  8                    14 days x 2

 

Clark et al                                  1996        420             70                  30                  26                  12 weeks

 

Gebhard et al                             1996        520             50                  80                  6                    12 weeks

 

Herrendorf et al                         1996        420             70                  30                  5                    6 months

 

Nishikawa et al                          1996        480             ?                     ?                   13                  2-4 weeks         Food based

 

Oksanen et al                             1996        430             61.5               30.5               164                6-14 weeks

 

Hellstrom et al                           1996        430             61.5               30.5               9                    4 weeks

 

King et al                                   1996        420             70                  30                  44                  12 weeks

 

Hakala et al                                1996        500            44                  59                  7                    6 weeks

 

Zamboni et al                            1996        320             40                  35                  20                  2 weeks

 

Clark et al                                  1996        420             70                  30                  143                12 weeks

 

 

Kjellin et al                                1996        430             61.5               30.5               10                  6 weeks

 

Niskanen et al                            1996        400             40                  52                  7                    12 days

 

Yanovski                                   1997        800             70                  100                46                  12 weeks

 

Barbe et al                                 1997        382             36                  50                  24                  28 days

 

Parma et al                                 1997        450             ?                    ?                    39                  12 weeks

 

Torgerson et al                          1997        456-608      ?                    ?                    58                  12 weeks

 

Wadden & Frey                         1997        420/800      70                  30/100           621                12 weeks

 

Rossner & Flaten                      1997        420/530      60                  50                  62                  6 weeks           

 

Valtuena et al                             1997a      458             52                  46                  8                    28 days

 

Valtuena et al                             1997b      458             52                  46                  36                  28 days

 

Ryttig et al                                1997        430             48                  40                  27                  2 months         

 

Toubro & Astrup                      1997        476             60/72             30.5               21                  variable

 

Pekkarinen & Mustajoki           1997        500             56                  79                  59                  16 weeks

 

Hellstrom et al                           1997        420             48                  40                  28                  4 weeks

 

Capstick et al                            1997        425             70                  30                  14                  4 weeks

 

Gougeon et al                            1997        440             93                  13                  7                    4 weeks

 

Pasman et al                              1997        420             70                  30                  42                  2 months         

 

Pekkarinen & Mustajoki           1997        458             52                  45                  30                  7-24 weeks       pre-op

 

Grugni et al                                1997        600             ?                    ?                    103                2 months          *

 

Stich et al                                   1997        380             36                  50                  16                  4 weeks           

 

Zamboni et al                            1997        320             40                  35                  34                  2 weeks

 

Beeson & Kreitzman                 1997        425/473      43                  38/45             8925              4 - 50 weeks     women

 

Beeson & Kreitzman                 1997        560/764      57                  33/46             1575              4 – 50 1eeks     men

 

Carella et al                                1997        420/800      70                  30/100           37                  12 weeks                                                         

 

Beguin et al                                1997        300             70                  1                    25                  2 weeks

 

Giorgino et al                             1997        320             40                  35                  41                  4 weeks

 

Beard et al                                 1997        420             70                  30                  76                  12 weeks         

 

Turcato et al                              1997        320             40                  35                  41                  4 weeks

 

Scott, Beeson & Kreitzman      1997        425/473      43                  38/45             255                4 weeks

 

Wadden & Frey                         1997        420             70                  30                  ?508               12 weeks

 

Marckmann et al                       1998        ?                 ?                    ?                    18                  8 weeks

 

Messaondi et al                         1998        400             50                  50                  12                  8 days

 

Pasman et al                              1998        450             ?                    ?                    15                  2 months

 

Rossner                                     1998        530             69                  50                  61                  6 weeks            Contin/interm

 

Rossner                                     1998        420             48                  40                  40                  6 weeks            Contin/interm

 

Paisey et al                                1998        405-570      43-57             45-59             19                  up to 4 mnths  Non diab

 

Paisey et al                                1998        405-570      43-57             45-59             15                  up to 4 mnths  NIDDM

 

Westertrop-Plantega et al          1998        420             70                  30                  27                  4 weeks           

 

Barbe et al                                 1998        595             45                  54                  8                    25 days

 

Rossner                                     1998        440             62                  31                  1                    40 weeks +      

 

De Pergola et al                         1998        318             40                  35                  21                  3 weeks

 

Kansanen et al                           1998        600-800      ?                    ?                    15                  3 months

 

Pekkarinen et al                         1998        429             60                  30.5               29                  8 weeks

 

Festi et al                                   1998        535-577      44-55             67-82             32                  45 days

 

Ryde et al                                  1998        405             42                  44                  12                  10 weeks

 

Rossner                                     1998        530             69                  50                  61                  6 weeks

 

Gougeon et al                            1998        440             93                  13                  16                  27 days

 

Apfelbaum                                1999        220-800      ?                    ?                    205                4 weeks

 

Brown                                       1999        435-475      43                  50                  72                  3 months

 

Molokhia                                   1999        425             43                  50                  25                  3 months

 

Fogelholm et al                          1999        ?                 ?                    ?                    85                  12 weeks

 

Torgerson                                  1999        450             66                  34                  69                  16 weeks

 

Dessi Fulgheri et al                    1999        510             60                  23                  8                    4 days

 

Cella et al                                   1999        300             12                  33                  10                  5 days

 

Danielsson et al                         1999        440             62                  31                  137                x 2 week         

 

Pasman et al                              1999        450             ?                    ?                    15                  2 months

 

Wisse et al                                 1999        452             95                  10-15             6                    4 weeks

 

Balkestein et al                          1999        450             ?                    ?                    37                  6 weeks

 

Logander et al                            1999        400             35                  40                  24                  8 weeks

 

Mshui et al                                1999        370             ?                    ?                    22                  2 weeks

 

Hakala et al                                2000        500             44                  59                  13                  6 weeks